Glare is an important, but often overlooked parameter in lighting systems design. This parameter can significantly affect human biorhythm, causing a discomfort or in the worst cases it can dazzle drivers, which can lead to car accidents. Therefore, it´s necessary for lighting designers to consider glare in their designs, specifically threshold increment value. This thesis focuses on glare measurement caused by exterior lighting systems and comparison of usage different types of camera lens for threshold increment measurements with luminance analyser. For a better understanding of the whole issue, there is a part describing how human eye perceives light, which is followed by definition and division of the glare. Afterwards, there is part describing calculation procedure of the threshold increment, which serves as a basis for the practical part of the thesis. Practical part of the thesis is dedicated to experimental measurement of glare from exterior lighting system on Technická street, right behind VUT FEKT T12 building. The measurement is done using luminance analyser and the LumiDISP program, while 3 lenses are used for the measurements. The output of this thesis are values of threshold increment obtained by using 4 different methods (3 lenses) and subsequent comparison of the suitability of the lenses for the glare measurements. To supplement, a simulation of the measured lighting system in the Relux program and a subsequent comparison of the results with the measured values are performed.

Au delà de toute classification nosographique, il y a un caractère irréductible qui relie la dimension de l’habiter à l’humain, quelles qu’en soient ses conditions, sa structure. Parce qu’elle est intimement intriquée au corps et au langage, la question de l’habiter intéresse la psychanalyse qui, dès lors, se doit de l’envisager dans ses liens avec la folie et la norme. Que signifie habiter ? Quels territoires désigne ce verbe ? Quelles en sont ses frontières? Habiter a-t-il toujours pour horizon la constitution d’un espace circonscrit, d’un « chez-soi » ? En effet, le propre de l’exister humain n’est pas uniquement caractérisé par l’appropriation d’un territoire, par l’acquisition d’un espace privé, mais par le fait d’être toujours déjà exposé à son dehors. Nous habitons d’ailleurs ce paradoxe : chez-nous, c’est toujours hors de nous. Cet inconfort inhérent à tout habiter humain est à l’origine de nombreuses impasses cliniques dans les pratiques actuelles de réinsertion par le logement. Cette réflexion, au croisement de la philosophie, de la psychanalyse et des sciences sociales, veut questionner les frontières entre le dedans et le dehors, entre moi et l’autre, en pointant que l’habitation du sujet n’est jamais toute. « L’habitat-terrier » de Monsieur H, la « maison hantée » de Madame M et le « garde-meubles » de Monsieur C - trois déclinaisons cliniques de l’habiter - nous permettent de montrer comment l’inconscient et l’Unheimlich interrogent les catégories habituelles du familier, de l’intimité et de l’étranger. Ainsi, l’habiter ne saurait être pensé sans un rapport à la hantise. Plus précisément, ce que la hantise fait au lieu qu’on habite, c’est de lui autoriser un « hors-lieu », ce qui constitue l’essence même de l’opération psychanalytique. Dès lors, quelle serait une conception freudienne de la maison? Il s’agira de penser les modalités de l’habiter en les articulant aux questions de seuil, d’accueil et d’hospitalité, ceci afin de dégager une certaine « éthique de l’habiter ». / The bond between the questions of inhabiting and being is an inveterate one, beyond any nosographic considerations, regardless of the structure and the conditions surrounding each and every person. Inhabiting is intimately woven into the fabric of the body and of language, and is therefore of natural interest to psychoanalysis, which, in turn, is called upon to address its relationship to insanity and to the norm. What does inhabiting mean? Which territories does this term point at? What are its frontiers? Does inhabiting always pertain to a to well-defined space, of one’s own? Human existence is not only defined by the appropriation of territory, nor by the acquisition of private space, but also by the very fact of being constantly exposed to one's “outside”. Indeed, we dwell within this paradox: “our place” is forever outside of our selves. This discomfort, inherent to all human inhabiting, is at the heart of numerous clinical dead-ends, encountered by projects aiming at social inclusion through housing. Our study, at the crossroads of philosophy, psychoanalysis and social science, seeks to question the frontier between “inside” and “outside”, between myself and others, pointing out that inhabiting is never one and a whole. We will look at three clinical studies: M. H’s “burrow”, Ms. M’s “haunted house” and Mr. C’s “storage facility”. They will allow us to examine how the subconscious, and the Unheimlich put ill at ease the habitual categorization of familiarity, intimacy and the foreign. We will discover that inhabiting cannot be addressed unrelated to the concept of haunting. Indeed, it is the haunting which makes it possible for a situ to have its corresponding ex-situ, which is the very essence of the psychoanalytic process. What would then be a Freudian conception of the House? We will study the various modes of inhabiting as they pertain to the issues of the threshold, of welcoming and of hospitality, aiming at a definition of the Ethics of Inhabiting

It is estimated that approximately 360 Million people have a permanent disabling hearing loss (WHO, 2015). The majority of these people live in lower to middle income countries, where screening and follow-up treatment is not always accessible (WHO, 2015). School based hearing screening is one of the procedures that are not always available due to a number of challenges one of which include the high cost of audiometrical headphones. School based hearing screening is performed with an audiometrical headphones and audiometer, it usually can be used to test all school-aged children and adults. In an attempt to reduce the cost of school based hearing screening, this study evaluated the Sennheiser HD 202 II headphone to establish it as a widely available and cost-effective alternative for audiometrical headphones currently used. The headphones were compared to ISO standards (ISO 389-1, ISO 389-5 and ISO 389-9) and IEC standards (IEC 60318-1 and IEC 60645-1). The following characteristics of the headphone were compared: equivalent threshold sound pressure levels, attenuation, maximum permissible ambient noise levels, force of the headband, total harmonic distortion and frequency response. After evaluation the Sennheiser HD 202 II does not show the same standard as audiometrical headphones for diagnostic testing. The headphone can however be used for screening purposes if a few measures are taken into account. The correct ETSPL values should be used, disruptive background noise should be avoided and only the frequencies from the research (250- 1600 Hz) can be tested. once these measures are taken into account the Sennheiser HD 202 II proves to be a cost-effective alternative headphone for screening purposes. / Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria 2016. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA / Unrestricted

Automated smartphone-based threshold audiometry has the potential to provide affordable audiometric services in underserved contexts where adequate resources and infrastructure are lacking. This study investigated the validity of the threshold version (hearTest) of the hearScreen™ smartphone-based application using inexpensive smartphones (Android OS) and calibrated supra-aural headphones. A repeated-measures, within-subject, study design was employed, comparing automated smartphone audiometry air conduction thresholds (0.5 to 8 kHz) to conventional audiometry thresholds. A total of 95 participants, with varying degrees of hearing sensitivity, were included in the study. 30 participants were adults, with known bilateral hearing losses of varying degrees (mean age of 59 years, 21.8 SD; 56.7% female). 65 participants were adolescents (mean age of 16.5 years, 1.2 SD; 70.8% female), of which 61 had normal hearing and 4 had mild hearing losses. Within the adult sample, 70.6% of thresholds obtained through smartphone and conventional audiometry corresponded within 5 dB. There was no significant difference between smartphone (6.75 min average, 1.5 SD) and conventional audiometry test duration (6.65 min average, 2.5 SD). Within the adolescent sample, 84.7% of audiometry thresholds obtained at 0.5, 2 and 4 kHz corresponded within 5 dB. At 1 kHz 79.3% of the thresholds differed by 10 dB or less. There was a significant difference (p&#060.01) between smartphone (7.09 min, 1.2 SD) and conventional audiometry test duration (3.23 min, 0.6 SD). The hearTest application using calibrated supra-aural headphones provided valid air conduction hearing thresholds. Therefore, it is evident that using inexpensive smartphones with calibrated headphones provides a cost-effective way to provide access to threshold air conduction audiometry. / Dissertation (M Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / M Communication Pathology / Unrestricted

The façade as boundary is studied in an attempt to create a public ground floor where boundaries start functioning as thresholds. It could be argued that the boundary [potential threshold] becomes the introduction to the interior space. The study will explore the effect of an interior application on its surrounding urban context and whether an interior intervention can add a positive contribution to the neighbourhood regeneration. The perceived limit of interior design will be extended to include the boundary as an integral part of the design. The project will address the lack of communication between the interior and the exterior context. The boundary will be considered the end of exterior space and the start of interior space. The theory is applied to a site located in Braamfontein, Johannesburg. / Dissertation MInt (Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MInt(Prof) / Unrestricted

Reading allows for the construction of a new world within the mind as one centralises and processes the literature. Flipping from one page to the next the language and the typography guides and informs this spatial construction and directs us through this new world. It creates an intangible architecture of the mind. In the physical realm however, we experience the real world directly and blatantly without the aid of texts and narratives. In this life the relationship between text and space is inverted. Here text and narrative do not inform the construction and tactile experience of space but rather act as a backdrop to everyday life. It seems to go unnoticed. This dissertation aims to emphasise the importance of typography, text and narrative within not only our day-to-day functionings, but also in the architectural realm. It seeks an amalgamation of typography, museum and public space, and aspires to create a place where the seemingly unnoticed typeface can be showcased, propagated and made accessible. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

The premise of this thesis is to explore the transition of spaces through thresholds. This exploration begins with the urban environment and how one transitions through spaces into private spaces. In particular, this thesis addresses battered women and children and how their transition in life relates to transitional spaces. The journey began with research of precedence. However, the existence of shelters for battered women and children is relatively new. Therefore, I began at the roots of housing, community housing, monasteries, orphanages and dormitories. I also drew from my own experiences with roommates, dorm life and group situations. This design reflects the transition of spaces and how that relates to the life of battered women and children. The site is located in Washington, DC. / Master of Architecture

No description available.

In a globalised world, influenced by social flux brought about by various factors¹, cities’ perimeters are subject to continuous change. More often than not, a city’s perimeter expands in the form of urban sprawl. Energy drains from the centre, leaving in its wake numerous vacant, degraded and underutilised structures. Radical interventions on an urban scale are often proposed to counter this degradation and transformation of such urban areas. These interventions² entail densification of the urban fabric, the insertion of additional structures and the creation of new precincts; a process which occurs over many years. By comparison, well-considered alterations to existing built fabric can be implemented quickly with smaller financial and ecological implications. Such alterations also include the adaptation of interior space to support a change in programme, and the possible improvement of a buildings interface with the street. The aim is to improve local social environments within the urban fabric and stimulate social influx. INTERFACE is about interventions to existing structures within the CBD of Pretoria. These interventions are limited to low-rise buildings (between two and five stories) designed specifically for mono-function. Over time, the programme and user profile of those buildings has changed, while the built fabric stagnated, with no active response to its context. Currently, such buildings do not participate in the creation of a living city – a city where interior spaces are supplemented by well designed outdoor spaces, thereby creating places that support and encourage social interaction. Buildings which have simply been taken over and used ad hoc, have not truly been adapted to their new programmes and as such, full exploitation of the space is not possible. Interior spaces can therefore play a determining role in the social motion³ of the city, but only if they address the transition between interior and exterior space, and the extension of such transition into the subsequent urban fabric. These interior and exterior spaces should be adaptable to current social needs of city dwellers and users in order to be deemed successful. Living cities require buildings to adapt and change in response to ever shifting social conditions in order to satisfy basic human desires and needs. It can thus be deduced that a building programme will more than likely change regularly. INTERFACE therefore focus on the creation of responsive interior space and works from the premise that structure and interior are implicitly linked. This thesis explores ‘permanent’ changes to existing structures; changes that will assist in creating responsive interior environments. Such environments should also accommodate both semi-permanent and temporary alterations, with minimal impact⁴ resulting from the implementation of each new programme. 1 Factors: Include change in political, social and economical circumstances. 2 Interventions: In Pretoria CBD, large interventions are proposed over long periods of time. They include strategies such as the Tshwane City Strategy (twenty year),Tshwane Inner City Development and Regeneration Strategy 2005 (ten year program) and City of Tshwane Integrated Development Plan 2009/2010 (five year). 3 Social motion: Interaction and attraction of civilians in a space 4 Impact: Refer to alterations to the permanent responsive structure as well as financial and ecological implications. / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

In the theoretical part of our study, we provide a systematic review of contemporary methods (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) of ECT augmentation, as scored by three factors - manipulation of the seizure threshold, length of therapeutic seizures and the effect on ECT efficacy measured by the total number of ECT sessions and the rate/quantity of change on used objective/subjective scales. We also provide a summary of possible side effects and risks associated with the use of respective ECT augmentation methods. In the research part of our study, we explore the effect of high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on the respective ECT parameters, in a double blinded, placebo controlled, randomised study on a sample of 46 patients treated for a major depressive episode. During ECT titration, we registered a significantly lower seizure threshold in the experimental group, an average decrease in charge by 34.55%, from 34.23mC to 22.4mC, p< 0.001 (Wilcox test). We have not observed a significant effect of HF rTMS on the length of seizure or ECT efficacy. Our study confirms the hypothesis, that the application of HF rTMS briefly before an ECT session reduces the seizure threshold, which might be useful in certain types of patients.