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Recently, researchers have attempted to increase the time efficiency of the smartphone DIN test by decreasing the number of presentations of the DIN. One suggestion was to use a variable step size based on the correctness of digits identified within the triplet. In contrast, another suggested using a fixed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) presentation level for all presentations of the DIN test and producing a pass/fail result based on whether a 95% recognition level was reached. This study aimed to compare three novel DIN test procedures as a potential way to improve efficiency with acceptable reliability using smartphone technology. / Dissertation (MA (Audiology) )--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA (Audiology) / Unrestricted

It is estimated that approximately 360 Million people have a permanent disabling hearing loss (WHO, 2015). The majority of these people live in lower to middle income countries, where screening and follow-up treatment is not always accessible (WHO, 2015). School based hearing screening is one of the procedures that are not always available due to a number of challenges one of which include the high cost of audiometrical headphones. School based hearing screening is performed with an audiometrical headphones and audiometer, it usually can be used to test all school-aged children and adults. In an attempt to reduce the cost of school based hearing screening, this study evaluated the Sennheiser HD 202 II headphone to establish it as a widely available and cost-effective alternative for audiometrical headphones currently used. The headphones were compared to ISO standards (ISO 389-1, ISO 389-5 and ISO 389-9) and IEC standards (IEC 60318-1 and IEC 60645-1). The following characteristics of the headphone were compared: equivalent threshold sound pressure levels, attenuation, maximum permissible ambient noise levels, force of the headband, total harmonic distortion and frequency response. After evaluation the Sennheiser HD 202 II does not show the same standard as audiometrical headphones for diagnostic testing. The headphone can however be used for screening purposes if a few measures are taken into account. The correct ETSPL values should be used, disruptive background noise should be avoided and only the frequencies from the research (250- 1600 Hz) can be tested. once these measures are taken into account the Sennheiser HD 202 II proves to be a cost-effective alternative headphone for screening purposes. / Dissertation (M Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / M Communication Pathology / Unrestricted

The aim of this study was to develop a Digit Triplet Test (DTT) using NZ English. The DTT is a hearing screening tool that uses spoken numbers presented in background noise to estimate speech recognition thresholds (SRTn). The NZ DTT will be made available via telephone or the internet, and will provide each person who completes the screening test with information about whether they should seek a professional hearing assessment. Normal-hearing participants (22 listeners) with hearing thresholds ≤20 dB HL were tested to establish the intelligibility of the individual digits at various signal-to-noise ratios (-20; -17.5; -15.0; -12.5; -10.0; -7.5; and -5.0 dB). The mid-points of the resulting psychometric functions were then used to adjust the level of each digit to achieve the same intelligibility. A SRT of -10.40 ± 1.75 dB SNR for the broadband presentation was established for the separate ear triplet test with the average slope of 17.3%/dB ± 3.9 %/dB for the ten test lists generated. The binaural ear DTT results were compared to best ear threshold PTA and found to have a highly significant correlation (r = 0.816, p<0.001) and a significant correlation to the QuickSIN sentence-in-noise test (r = 0.668, p<0.001). The binaural triplet test was found to have a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85%. The separate ear DTT results were compared to the best ear threshold pure tone audiometry and found to have a highly significant correlation (r = 0.809, p<0.001). The separate ear triplet test was found to have a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 81% (1 – specificity = 0.187). The internet version of the DTT hearing screening test will provide New Zealanders with an easily accessible and objective test that will raise awareness about hearing and hopefully reduce the length of time people take before seeking advice about their hearing.

IntroduÃÃo: Os ServiÃos de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal de Hospitais e Maternidades realizam a triagem dos recÃm-nascidos normais e com risco para deficiÃncia auditiva antes da alta hospitalar. A testagem dos neonatos de UTIN deve incluir obrigatoriamente o PEATE, e tem que haver o monitoramente dos bebÃs com IRDA. A lei federal 12.303/2010 obriga todos os Hospitais e Maternidades da realizarem gratuitamente um dos exames da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os ServiÃos de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal instalados nos Hospitais e Maternidades pertencentes ao Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde e da rede privada da cidade de Fortaleza, CearÃ. Metodologia: Consistiu em estudo transversal, realizado em duas etapas, identificaÃÃo dos Hospitais/Maternidades que possuem e nÃo possuem STAN e caracterizaÃÃo da Estrutura, Processo e Resultados dos serviÃos. Os locais sem STAN responderam os motivos de nÃo implantaÃÃo do serviÃo, e os locais com STAN responderam questionÃrio sobre Estrutura, Processo e Resultados, cuja avaliaÃÃo foi categorizada em satisfatÃria e insatisfatÃria de acordo com a comparaÃÃo com recomendaÃÃes internacionais. Foi ainda caracterizado um STAN de Hospital de Fortaleza avaliado. Os resultados foram apresentados de forma descritiva, e as variÃveis categÃricas foram testadas atravÃs do qui-quadrado. Resultados: Dos 15 Hospitais/Maternidades de Fortaleza, 33% possuem STAN e 67% nÃo possuem. Entre a rede pÃblica 57% possuem STAN e na rede privada 13% possuem. 90% dos Hospitais/Maternidades que nÃo possuem STAN encaminham os recÃm-nascidos para outros locais e a falta de recursos financeiros (70%) foi motivo mais relatado para nÃo implantaÃÃo do serviÃo. As instituiÃÃes pÃblicas (100%) conhecem a lei 12.303 e 57% das instituiÃÃes privadas nÃo conhecem. SÃo 5 STAN em funcionamento nos Hospitais e Maternidades de Fortaleza, sendo somente 1 na rede privada. O nÃmero de profissionais nos STAN foi 2 (40%) e 1 (40%). O Ãndice de Cobertura variou entre 24 e 99%, tendo uma mÃdia de 63%. A mÃdia do Ãndice de Falha na triagem correspondeu a 20%. Os quesitos da Estrutura avaliados como satisfatÃrios foram: entrega do resultado da triagem (100%), presenÃa do profissional audiologista (100%), presenÃa do pediatra/neonatologista (100%), tecnologia usada na realizaÃÃo do exame (100%), local de realizaÃÃo da triagem (80%), registro do prontuÃrio ou livro de registro (80%), serviÃo de avaliaÃÃo audiolÃgica completa. E os insatisfatÃrios foram: profissional otorrinolaringologista, serviÃo de avaliaÃÃo mÃdica e serviÃo de intervenÃÃo terapÃutica(80%). Os quesitos do Processo avaliados como satisfatÃrios foram: escolha do protocolo da TAN (100%) e realizaÃÃo de reteste na prÃpria instituiÃÃo (80%), enquanto os insatisfatÃrios: seguimento da crianÃa (80%) e protocolo de triagem das crianÃas com permanÃncia em UTIN (60%). Os Ãnicos quesitos dos Resultados dos STAN avaliados como satisfatÃrios foram: Controle mensal das crianÃas que nÃo passaram na primeira triagem (100%) e Ãndice de crianÃas encaminhadas para diagnÃstico audiolÃgico (60%). Os resultados do STAN do Hospital mostrou falha em 43,9% da amostra, maior chance de passar na triagem ao realizar EOAT (p<0,001), maior chance em falhar (60,2%) se a crianÃa tivesse permanecido em UTIN (p<0,001) ou se fosse portadora de IRDA (64,3%), maior chance de apresentar algum encaminhamento (93,6%) se falhar na triagem. ConclusÃo: A lei federal 12.303/2010 nÃo està sendo cumprida na cidade de Fortaleza e apesar dos STAN de Fortaleza apresentarem uma Estrutura satisfatÃria, estÃo ocorrendo Processos e Resultados insatisfatÃrios. Recomenda-se o aprofundamento do tema para a melhoria da qualidade dos ServiÃos de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal de Fortaleza-CE.

It is estimated that approximately 360 Million people have a permanent disabling hearing loss (WHO, 2015). The majority of these people live in lower to middle income countries, where screening and follow-up treatment is not always accessible (WHO, 2015). School based hearing screening is one of the procedures that are not always available due to a number of challenges one of which include the high cost of audiometrical headphones. School based hearing screening is performed with an audiometrical headphones and audiometer, it usually can be used to test all school-aged children and adults. In an attempt to reduce the cost of school based hearing screening, this study evaluated the Sennheiser HD 202 II headphone to establish it as a widely available and cost-effective alternative for audiometrical headphones currently used. The headphones were compared to ISO standards (ISO 389-1, ISO 389-5 and ISO 389-9) and IEC standards (IEC 60318-1 and IEC 60645-1). The following characteristics of the headphone were compared: equivalent threshold sound pressure levels, attenuation, maximum permissible ambient noise levels, force of the headband, total harmonic distortion and frequency response. After evaluation the Sennheiser HD 202 II does not show the same standard as audiometrical headphones for diagnostic testing. The headphone can however be used for screening purposes if a few measures are taken into account. The correct ETSPL values should be used, disruptive background noise should be avoided and only the frequencies from the research (250- 1600 Hz) can be tested. once these measures are taken into account the Sennheiser HD 202 II proves to be a cost-effective alternative headphone for screening purposes. / Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria 2016. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA / Unrestricted

The difference in otoacoustic emission (OAE) hearing screening failure rates as a function of ethnic category was investigated in a population of newborns at Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida. Clinical observation led to a concern that due to a higher incidence of outer and middle ear dysfunction in Hispanic newborns and children, screening could result in disparate failure rates, with a larger number of these infants requiring further testing. This result would warrant changes in current protocols, as well as screener training,and parent counseling practices. Between January and July of 2000, 1407 newborns were tested utilizing distortion product otoacoustic emission screening protocols. Of those infants,only 68 failed, yielding a higher than average overall program referral rate of 5%. It is hypothesized that since later reported referral rates for this program fall below 1%, the individuals performing the screenings had not yet become experienced enough to yield low refer rates. In addition, initial screens are not repeated in this program due to staffing and funding issues, which may contribute to higher than average fail rates. More important, however, results indicated that there is indeed a difference in failure rates as a function of ethnicity, with a greater proportion of Hispanic and African-American and "Other" newborn referrals that Caucasian or Asian newborns. This difference, however, was not significantly reliable. It is hypothesized that this difference may be the result of a generally lower socioeconomic status and access to medical care within urban minority populations in Hillsborough County, Florida. Implications are discussed.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kely Cordeiro de Carvalho Torres.pdf: 714998 bytes, checksum: fcbca1cd436c827e414a18040b5593a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: The prenatal care is the adequate moment for pregnant women to get ready for the delivery and for the newborn demands. The Neonatal Hearing Screening (NHS) may be seen as one of these demands and enables early detection and intervention of hearing loss. Objective: To investigate effects of previous information about Neonatal Hearing Screening in two groups of puerperal women. Method: It was a quasi-experimental study and the sample subjects were 10 pregnant women and 10 puerperal women. The pregnant women (Group A) received previous information about NHS during prenatal care and the puerperal women (Group B) didn t receive such intervention. After the NHS, semi-structured interviews were performed with both groups. The interviews were fully transcribed and analyzed according to the Discursive Analysis and the Production of Meaning proposal (Spink,2004). Results: A poor knowledge about NHS was verified in both groups and the results found point that the subjects who received previous information (Group A) presented more positive feelings towards the exam when compared to the group that didn t receive the intervention (Group B). Furthermore, it was possible to observe that the previous information was a mediator of mother participation and of multiplication of knowledge during the performance of NHS. Participants of both groups considered that receiving information before the actual conduct is important. Final Considerations: The previous information provoked positive effects in the group that underwent the intervention (Group A). Despite manifesting feelings of anguish regarding the exam s results, the participants of this group informed that knowing the NHS process, including the first test in the maternity hospital and the possible retest and diagnostic evaluation, is essential. It is necessary to increase the spreading of NHS and the inclusion of speech language pathologists in primary healthcare, with active participation in groups of pregnant women and in preventive actions towards hearing loss. Furthermore, it is important to stress that mother empowerment is only possible from a reformulation of ideas which begins after the receiving of proper information / Introdução: O pré-natal é o momento adequado para que as gestantes se preparem para o parto e para os cuidados com o recém-nascido (RN). A Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) se insere como um destes cuidados e possibilita a detecção e a intervenção precoces da perda auditiva. Objetivo:Investigar os efeitos da informação prévia sobre a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal em dois grupos de puérperas. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo quasi- experimental e os sujeitos que compuseram a amostra foram 10 gestantes e 10 puérperas. As gestantes (Grupo A) receberam informações prévias sobre a TAN durante o pré-natal e as puérperas (Grupo B) não foram submetidas a esta intervenção. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com ambos os grupos após a realização da TAN. As entrevistas foram transcritas na íntegra e analisadas segundo a proposta da Análise Discursiva e Produção de Sentido (Spink,2004).Resultados: Em ambos os grupos foi constatado o baixo conhecimento sobre a TAN e os resultados encontrados apontam que os sujeitos que receberam informações prévias (Grupo A) apresentaram mais sentimentos positivos em relação ao exame, quando comparados ao grupo que não recebeu a intervenção (Grupo B). Além disso, foi possível observar a informação prévia como uma mediadora da participação materna e da multiplicação do saber durante a realização da TAN. As participantes de ambos os grupos consideraram importante o recebimento de informações antes da ação propriamente dita. Considerações Finais: A informação prévia provocou efeitos positivos no grupo submetido à intervenção (Grupo A). Apesar de manifestarem sentimentos de angústia frente ao resultado do exame, os sujeitos participantes deste grupo informaram que conhecer o processo da TAN, incluindo a possibilidade do primeiro teste na maternidade e os possíveis encaminhamentos para retorno e avaliação diagnóstica, é essencial. É necessário ampliar a divulgação da TAN e a inserção dos fonoaudiólogos na atenção primária à saúde, permitindo uma participação mais ativa em grupos de gestantes e desenvolvimento de ações preventivas da perda auditiva. Além disso, cabe ressaltar que o empoderamento materno só pode ser alcançado a partir de uma reformulação de ideias que tem o seu início após o recebimento adequado de informações