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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Análise dos resultados de testes de triagem auditiva em escolares

Guerra-Silva, Paloma Luara 31 July 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paloma Luara Guerra Silva.pdf: 1104225 bytes, checksum: a9e9cff44fbd501bc2b900b1a653cc53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: Hearing screening in school is shown an important health measure since the levels of audibility interfere in the perceptions of the information by the student. However, with advent of new technologies in hearing evaluation, several tests can be applied in the hearing screening in this population. Therefore, it is important to evaluate which one has the greatest ability to detect hearing loss. Objective: To analyze the results of hearing screening in school children by means of four tests, singly and combined, aged between 4 and 12 years of age to detect hearing loss whose thresholds are higher than air 15 dBHL. Methods: They were part of this sample, 182 children of both sexes, aged between 4 and 12 years, private school students chosen for convenience in São Paulo. They performed a hearing screening by means of four tests, tympanometry (PPT> - 200 daPa), pure tone in the frequencies of 4, 2 and 1 kHz at 20 dB HL, hearing screening by transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) hearing screening by distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). All students were tested for auditory thresholds by air performed in a soundproof booth on the same day and after four tests. The students whose levels of audibility who had level above 15 dBHL was referred for diagnostic audiological screening later date. Results: The analysis of the hearing screening with the four tests showed a failure rate of 14.8% in at least one of the tests. The analysis of the efficiency of individual tests revealed that the hearing screening test which was the tonal values of sensitivity (84.44%), specificity (98.48%), PPV (84.96%), accuracy (95.88% ) was better. For the analysis of tonal combinations hearing screening associated with TEOAE obtained 97, 22% sensitivity, specificity 95.16%, 66.61% PPV and 95.32% of the model accuracy. The evaluation of time between tests showed that the GI group (4-7 years) was presented the longest in all of them, however, TEOAE and DPOAE tests showed the shortest time and the highest tone hearing screening. The occurrence of auditory changes confirmed by the gold standard was 10.4% and the estimated prevalence of hearing loss for these children was 2.7%. Conclusion: For hearing screening in school whose purpose was to detect changes in levels of audibility if hearing screening is done by only one test, the test to be eligible tone hearing screening, if there are possibilities of combining one or more tests the combination more effective for these students was associated with tonal hearing screening TEOAE. / Introdução: A triagem auditiva em escolares revela-se como uma medida de saúde importante uma vez que os níveis de audibilidade interferem nas percepções das informações pelo aluno. No entanto, com advento das novas tecnologias em avaliação auditiva, diversos testes podem ser aplicados na triagem auditiva nesta população. Por isso, torna-se importante avaliar qual deles apresenta a maior capacidade para detecção das perdas auditivas. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados da triagem auditiva em escolares por meio de quatro testes, isolados e combinados entre si, na faixa etária entre 4 e 12 anos de idade para detecção de perdas auditivas cujos limiares auditivos por via aérea são maiores que 15 dBNA. Métodos: Fizeram parte desta amostra, 182 escolares de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 4 e 12 anos, alunos de escolas particulares escolhidas por conveniência no município de São Paulo. Os mesmos realizaram a triagem auditiva por meio de quatro testes; timpanometria (PPT < - 200 daPa), triagem auditiva tonal para as frequências de 4, 2 e 1 kHz em 20 dBNA; triagem auditiva pelas Emissões Otoacústicas por estimulo Transiente (EOAT) e triagem auditiva pelas Emissões Otoacústicas Produto-Distorção (EOAPD). Todos os escolares foram submetidos à pesquisa do limiar auditivo por via aérea realizada em cabine acústica no mesmo dia e após os quatro testes. Os escolares cujos niveis de audibilidade estivem acima de 15 dBNA era encaminhados para o diagnóstico audiológico posterior a data da triagem. Resultados: A análise da triagem auditiva com os quatros testes mostrou um índice de falha de 14,8% em pelo menos um dos testes. A análise da eficiência dos testes isolados revelou que, a triagem auditiva tonal foi o teste cujos valores de sensibilidade (84,44%), especificidade (98,48%), VPP (84,96%), acuracia (95,88%) foi melhor. Para análise das combinações a triagem auditiva tonal associada às EOAT obteve 97, 22% de sensibilidade; 95,16% de especificidade; 66,61% de VPP e 95,32% de acuracia. A avaliação do tempo de duração entre testes mostrou que o grupo GI (4-7 anos) foi o que apresentou o maior tempo em todos eles, no entanto, os testes de EOAT e EOAPD apresentaram o menor tempo e a triagem auditiva tonal o maior. A ocorrência de alterações auditiva confirmadas pelo padrão-ouro foi de 10,4% e a estimativa da prevalência das perdas auditivas para estes escolares foi de 2,7%. Conclusão: Para triagem auditiva em escolares cujo objetivo foi o de detectar de alterações nos níveis de audibilidade, caso a triagem auditiva seja feita por apenas um teste, que o teste elegível seja a triagem auditiva tonal; caso haja possibilidades de combinar um ou mais testes, a combinação mais efetiva para estes escolares foi a triagem auditiva tonal associada à EOAT.
12

Caracterização dos programas de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal no Brasil / Characterization of Newborn Hearing Screening Programs in Brazil

Nunes, Cristiane Cervelli 15 October 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Cervelli Nunes.pdf: 1296567 bytes, checksum: b929f7511e6caa9a040229aaf0937f89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15 / To investigate the situation of the newborn Hearing screening in public and private hospital/maternities, where babies delivery are performed in Brazil. The list of hospitals followed the DATASUS information. Method: a digital questionnaire was sent by email, in order to make the survey about the type of hospital, and also about the information concerning if the hospital is performing the screening, financial, approach, methodology and difficulties to implement the hearing screening. The responses were sent to statistical analyses. Results: In Brazil, according to DATASUS, there are 3571 facilities delivering babies. It was sent 1987 (55,6%) emails, which addresses were available. South and Southeast regions were considered the ones with the best net communication available. For 966 hospitals it was possible to confirm the email arrival, but only 69 (7,1%) answered the questionnaire, being 22 of them (31,9%) belonging to Rede Cegonha , a network of hospitals with federal government support to develop delivery best practice actions. Although there is a federal law since 2010, making mandatory the newborn hearing screening, it was noted that a lot of hospitals did not implemented this health care action for the babies. All hospitals responding the survey would like to have a NHS program, except one, because this facility is too small to support such a cost. Conclusions: There was a very low adherence to the present survey from hospitals, limiting the research to 7,1% of the total of hospitals. There is the necessity of partnerships in order to inform most hospitals about protocols, risk indicators, and network established for diagnostic and management of the hearing loss in babies / Realizar um diagnóstico situacional da implantação da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) nos hospitais/maternidades, públicas e privadas, que realizam partos no Brasil, e listadas no DATASUS. Método: Através do levantamento de dados por meio de um questionário enviado de forma digital, contendo questões que possibilitaram caracterizar as instituições participantes e colher todas as informações necessárias para o desenvolvimento do estudo, como informação dos hospitais, da triagem auditiva na instituição, abordagem, técnicas e protocolos para, posteriormente, realizar a tabulação e análise das informações colhidas. Resultados No Brasil segundo o DATASUS há 3571 maternidades distribuídas nas cinco regiões geográficas. Em um total de 3571 maternidades, foram enviados 1987 correios eletrônicos totalizando 55,6% das maternidades, sendo que 1584 maternidades, 44,4% não constavam um endereço eletrônico para contato. Pudemos perceber que as regiões sudeste e sul, estão com a rede de comunicação mais organizada do que as outras regiões. Dos 966 hospitais que confirmaram o recebimento da mensagem, apenas 69 (7,1%) responderam o questionário. Destes 69 hospitais que responderam o questionário, 22 (31,9%) são da rede Cegonha. Identificou-se que apesar da Lei Federal nº12.303 de agosto/2010 determinar que todos os neonatos nascidos vivos dentro do território nacional devem, obrigatoriamente, passar pelo exame de emissões otoacústicas evocadas (EOA), identificamos que muitos hospitais não o fazem. Todos os hospitais que não realizam a TAN disseram que gostariam de realizá-la, exceto um hospital público municipal da região Sul, que alegou que o hospital é pequeno e não consegue realizar o serviço. Conclusão: Houve baixa adesão das instituições no preenchimento do questionário eletrônico enviado a visando caracterizar a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal no país. O objetivo de realizar diagnóstico situacional da implantação da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) nos hospitais/maternidades, públicas e privadas que realizam partos no Brasil, e listados no DATASUS ficou limitado aos hospitais que enviaram respostas e, portanto parecem representar aqueles preocupados com a implantação e avaliação da TAN. Em um momento político de estabelecimento de diretrizes e regulamentação de sua implantação, parece que há muito a ser feito e parcerias serão necessárias para a implantação, avaliação e formação de rede de acompanhamento dos bebês identificados. Dentre os respondentes, 7,1% do total de questionários enviados, quase metade (45%) dos hospitais não realizam a TAN, mesmo com a determinação da lei federal nº12.303 de 2 de agosto de 2010. No entanto, tiveram interesse em responder ao questionário e explicar seus motivos
13

Triagem auditiva neonatal em uma maternidade pública de Curitiba-PR: fatores determinantes para a não adesão ao reteste

Luz , Idalina Marly da 28 November 2014 (has links)
Submitted by maria oliveira (maria.oliveira@utp.br) on 2018-06-26T13:39:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TRIAGEM AUDITIVA.pdf: 1275565 bytes, checksum: 5e787487214016e5fdb2833b8205b18d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T13:39:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TRIAGEM AUDITIVA.pdf: 1275565 bytes, checksum: 5e787487214016e5fdb2833b8205b18d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / INTRODUCTION: This paper has as its theme "Newborn Hearing Screening in a Public Maternity Hospital in Curitiba - PR: Determining Factors for non Adherence to Retesting". According to the 2010 IBGE Census, 5.1% of the population experiences some hearing difficulty. Under Law 12.303/10, it became mandatory to carry out the so-called "Newborn Hearing Test", in newborns before hospital discharge, in order to diagnose possible hearing problems by three months of age. When there is a risk indicator for hearing loss, for the mother or baby, auditory monitoring must be carried out through otoacoustic emissions during the 1st year of the baby’s life. It happens that many mothers do not appear for the hearing retest, thereby undermining the monitoring for these children. OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants for non-adherence to retesting in neonatal hearing screening at a public hospital in the city of Curitiba-PR for mothers of newborns who presented risk factors for deafness but did not attend retesting. METHOD: 60 mothers of babies who missed the mandatory hearing retest for neonatal hearing screening (NHS) were interviewed. The mother's age, education, marital status, level of knowledge about screening, reasons for non-adherence to retest were the variables considered. The responses were entered into a spreadsheet and submitted to Fischer and Chi-squared tests at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The predominant age range of the mothers was 20-29 years (41.67%); 51.67% were educated only to a primary level, and 46.67% to a high school level. Regarding marital status, 70% of the sample lived alone. All respondents reported that infants listened well, but 63.33% were unaware of the NHS. Among the respondents, 90% received no prenatal guidance or explanatory material about the OAE test; only 20% were targeted during hospitalization; 30% of the sample stated that they "forgot" to do the retest. No significant relationship between age, education and marital status for non-adherence to the retest was found. CONCLUSION: Among the reasons identified for non-adherence to the retest, a large number of participants did not see the needed value in retesting, since the mothers forgot the retest date. This fact allows us to infer that the lack of knowledge about neonatal hearing screening interferes with adherence to the program. However, age, education and marital status did not seem to interfere with the decision to retest and monitor the newborn’s hearing health. The concept of adherence to the retest requires greater analysis by multidisciplinary health professionals. These professionals should be sensitized to the problem because it is their responsibility to make mothers aware of the retest’s importance through knowledge, appreciation and participation in the program. Better communication between health care networks and mothers is needed; conducting informational and motivational campaigns for pregnant women; using standard civil media channels for better orientation about early detection of hearing impairment, since there is little knowledge about the subject. / INTRODUÇÃO: Esta dissertação tem como tema a “Triagem Auditiva Neonatal em uma Maternidade Pública de Curitiba - PR: Fatores Determinantes para a não Adesão ao Reteste”. Segundo o Censo de 2010 do IBGE, 5,1% da população brasileira apresenta alguma dificuldade auditiva. A Lei 12.303/10 tornou obrigatória a realização do denominado “Teste Auditivo Neonatal”, nos recém-nascidos antes da alta hospitalar, para diagnosticar possíveis problemas auditivos até os três meses de idade. Quando houver indicador de risco para deficiência auditiva, na mãe ou no bebê, ele deve realizar o monitoramento auditivo, por meio das emissões otoacústicas, durante o 1º ano de vida. Ocorre que muitas mães não comparecem para o reteste auditivo, o que compromete o seguimento destas crianças. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores determinantes para a não adesão ao reteste na triagem auditiva neonatal, em mães de recém-nascidos em maternidade pública da cidade de Curitiba-PR, que apresentaram fatores de risco para surdez e não compareceram ao reteste. MÉTODO: Foram entrevistadas 60 mães de bebês que faltaram ao reteste auditivo obrigatório da triagem auditiva neonatal. Foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: idade da mãe, escolaridade, estado civil, nível de conhecimento sobre a triagem, motivos que justificaram a não adesão ao reteste. As respostas obtidas foram digitadas em planilha eletrônica e submetidas aos testes estatísticos de Fischer e Qui-quadrado ao nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: a faixa etária predominante das mães foi de 20 a 29 anos (41,67%); 51,67% apresentaram escolaridade apenas ao nível fundamental e 46,67%, do ensino médio. Quanto ao estado civil, 70% da amostra, viviam sós. Todas as respondentes referiram que os recém-nascidos escutavam bem, mas 63,33% desconheciam a TAN. Dentre as entrevistadas, 90% não receberam orientação no pré-natal, nem material explicativo quanto ao teste da orelhinha; somente 20% foram orientadas durante o internamento; 30% da amostra refere que “esqueceu” a consulta. Não foi encontrada relação significativa entre idade, escolaridade e estado civil para a não adesão ao reteste. CONCLUSÃO: Identificados os motivos para não adesão ao reteste, observa-se que grande parte da amostra não deu o valor necessário ao procedimento de reteste, uma vez que as mães esqueceram a data da consulta. Tal fato permite inferir que a falta de conhecimento sobre a triagem auditiva neonatal interfere na adesão ao programa. Porém, a idade, a escolaridade e o estado civil não parecem interferir sobre a decisão de retornar ao serviço e monitorar o desempenho da saúde auditiva do recém-nascido. O conceito de adesão ao teste requer maior análise multidisciplinar dos profissionais da saúde, que devem estar sensibilizados ao problema, pois lhes cabe a conscientização das mães para que haja conhecimento, valorização e participação no programa. É necessária melhor comunicação entre as redes de assistência à saúde e as mães; a realização de campanhas informativas e motivadoras para gestantes; a utilização dos meios de comunicação da sociedade civil, para orientar melhor quanto à detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva, uma vez que há pouco conhecimento acerca do tema.
14

Development of a Māori Language Version of the New Zealand Hearing Screening Test

Murray, Christa Jane January 2012 (has links)
Hearing loss has a prevalence of 10.3% in New Zealand, with the Māori population being disproportionately affected compared to the non-Māori population. Hearing loss is an impairment that is under-recognised, under-reported and under-treated. This can be explained by the many existing barriers – the shortage of audiological services, financial cost to an individual seeking treatment, the stigma of both hearing loss and hearing aids, and healthcare seeking rates, particularly among the Māori population. This study aimed to develop a Māori language adaptive digit triplet test that could be offered remotely via the telephone and Internet as a hearing-screening test. Three sets of recordings were made of digit triplets spoken in te reo Māori by a female speaker. Two of these sets were selected for normalisation in speech noise. Normal-hearing participants (8 listeners) with hearing thresholds ≤20 dB HL were tested to establish the intelligibility of the individual recorded digits at various signal-to-noise ratios (-13, -10.5, -8 and -5.5 dB). Psychometric functions were fitted to the intelligibility data, and the digits in each position of the triplet that had the steepest slope were selected as the final test stimuli. The level of each selected digit was then adjusted to achieve equal intelligibility as measured at the midpoints of the psychometric functions. These digits were then assembled into eight equivalent lists of similar difficulty, ready for pilot testing. Due to low participant numbers, the pilot testing phase was not completed. Further development of this test continues as the focus of a follow-on study.
15

Normalisation, Evaluation and Verification of the New Zealand Hearing Screening Test.

Bowden, Alice Therese January 2013 (has links)
Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss, is one of the most common chronic conditions to affect adults. On average individuals wait seven years from the time they notice a hearing impairment to the time they seek help from a hearing professional. This delay may have wide reaching implications for public health in the coming decades, as aging populations become more prevalent and as further research assesses the relationship between hearing loss and mental health conditions such as depression and dementia. The development of the New Zealand Hearing Screening Test (NZHST) aims to fulfil a need for a robust hearing screening test that individuals can access from home. This digit triplet test (DTT) will be particularly valuable for those in rural areas where audiological services are sparse and for those who have mobility issues which restrict attendance at clinical appointments. In order to accommodate as many New Zealanders as possible, the NZHST will have two versions, an internet version and a land-line telephone version; both of which can be delivered into their home in either New Zealand English or Te Reo Māori. This research is the third instalment in the development of the NZHST. The current research is divided into three parts; the verification of the New Zealand English DTT for the internet version, the pilot study for the Te Reo Māori DTT for the internet version, and the normalisation of the New Zealand English DTT for the telephone version. In the verification process, 50 individuals with various audiometric thresholds listened to 3 lists of 27 New Zealand English digit triplets, presented in three conditions; binaurally and to each ear separately via an internet interface. In the pilot study, 27 participants with various audiometric thresholds listened to 3 lists of 27 Te Reo Māori digit triplets via a software interface on a laptop computer. The normalisation process involved 10 individuals with normal hearing (average air-conduction pure tone thresholds of ≤ 20 dB HL) listening to 168 New Zealand English digit triplets under two different noise conditions; one as continuous speech noise and the other a noise with spectral and temporal gaps (STG noise) presented via a software interface on a laptop computer. Four conditions of the 168 digits were presented; once to each ear for the continuous noise, and once to each ear for the STG noise. Significant correlations were found between the binaural DTT and PTA (R = 0.66), and between the monaural ear DTT and PTA (R = 0.73) for the verification. The binaural DTT had a test sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 88%. Pilot study correlation between binaural DTT and PTA was R = 0.61, and was R = 0.63 between monaural DTT and PTA; while the binaural sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) of the Te Reo DTT was affected by the very small number of participants with hearing loss (n = 4). The normalisation revealed that detection of the digit triplets was easier when STG noise (Lmid = -11.5 dB SNR, SD = 1.6 dB) was used as a masker, rather than continuous noise (Lmid = -8.9 dB SNR, SD = 1.4 dB).
16

Rapid neonatal hearing screening using a modified maximum length sequences automated auditory brainstem response

Dzulkarnain, Ahmad Aidil Arafat Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
17

Prevence sluchové vady a kvalita života rodiny dětí s kochleárním implantátem / Prevention of hearing impairment and quality of life family of children with cochlear implant

SAMCOVÁ, Petra January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
18

Triagem auditiva neonatal em unidade de terapia intensiva - CAISM/Unicamp / Newborn hearing screening in neonatal intensive care unit in university hospital

Diniz, Thais Antonelli, 1983- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Francisca Colella dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diniz_ThaisAntonelli_M.pdf: 6814865 bytes, checksum: f4af573a428ccb8948b9161bf1432cc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Objetivo geral: Analisar os indicadores de qualidade da triagem auditiva neonatal realizada na unidade de terapia intensiva do CAISM/Unicamp, considerando dois protocolos distintos, assim como o diagnóstico audiológico. Objetivos Específicos: estudar as características dos neonatos nos grupos estudados; analisar a porcentagem de neonatos triados, assim como os indicadores de risco para surdez, considerando os grupos estudados; estudar o tipo de alta dos neonatos que não realizaram a triagem; estudar o momento que a triagem foi realizada, assim como seus resultados nos grupos estudados; analisar a relação entre os indicadores de risco para surdez presentes e o resultado da triagem auditiva neonatal; analisar o diagnóstico audiológico nos grupos estudados. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foram avaliados os neonatos internados na unidade de terapia intensiva e/ou cuidados intermediários do CAISM/Unicamp, que permaneceram por mais de 48 horas e nasceram no período de março/2011 a novembro/2012. Os neonatos foram reunidos em dois grupos: GI - utilizado o protocolo 1 onde os neonatos que falharam na triagem foram encaminhados para o diagnóstico e GII - utilizado o protocolo 2 onde os neonatos que falharam foram encaminhados para o reteste, quando confirmado o resultado foi encaminhado para o diagnóstico. Para realizar a triagem auditiva, utilizou-se o Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico - automático com estímulo tipo clique na intensidade de 35 dB. Procurou-se realizar a avaliação antes da alta hospitalar. Resultados: No GI-teste 84,7% realizaram triagem auditiva neonatal, no GII-teste 75,8%. Entre os neonatos triados, no GI-teste 81,4% passaram e no GII-teste 85,6%. No diagnóstico, 36,4% dos neonatos do GI possuem perda auditiva condutiva, neurossensorial ou neuropatia, já no GII 100% possuem perda auditiva neurossensorial ou condutiva. Os indicadores de risco com maior taxa de falha foram a anóxia neonatal e infecção congênita. Conclusão: O protocolo 2 mostrou-se fundamental nessa população, por reduzir significativamente o índice de encaminhamento de falso-positivo para o diagnóstico / Abstract: Objectives: Analyze the newborn hearing screening in a university hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), considering screening percentage, the newborn age at screening, as well as the reference rate for audiological diagnosis. Design: transversal study. Methods: This study comprised babies born from March 2011 to November 2012 who stayed hosted at the neonatal intensive care unit of an university hospital for more than 48 hr. Aiming to evaluate the newborns, it was used automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) with stimulation at 35 dB nHL levels, resulting in "pass" or "fail". The evaluation was planned to occur before hospital discharge. In GI group, newborns who showed FAIL status at hearing screening were submitted for audiological diagnosis. In GII group, newborns who showed FAIL status at hearing screening were submitted to retest; after a confirmation of that failure, they were submitted for diagnosis. Results: in GI-test, 84.7% were screened; in GII-test, 75.8%; and in GII-retest, 66%. In GI-test, 81.4% passed the screening; in GII-test, 85.6%; and in GII-retest, 76%. During the diagnosis phase, 36.4% of newborns screened from GI showed conduction disorders, neural hearing loss or auditory neuropathy/dyssynchrony; 100% of those screened from GII showed hearing loss. Conclusion: Some actions should take place to increase the hearing screening range. The retest showed essential to this population, since it significantly reduced the false-positive index for diagnosis / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Ciências
19

Hearing among Finnish professional soldiers:epidemiological study

Holma, T. (Tuomas) 01 December 2015 (has links)
Abstract Soldiers are at risk of incurable noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in military activities. Therefore the prevention of hearing loss is important. The large variation in individual susceptibility to NIHL is well known but the reason for this is not completely understood. The data of this current comprehensive register-based follow-up study consist of the health records, hearing measuring results and occupational history of 1 941 soldiers. The occurrence and degree of hearing losses among soldiers who served between 1965 and 2007 was investigated by comparing groups formed according to year-class and service branch. An association between cardiovascular risk factors and NIHL was also assessed. Furthermore the efficacy of the hearing conservation measures carried out by the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) and the Finnish Border Guard (FBG) was evaluated. Noise turned out to be the major risk factor of hearing impairment among the investigated soldiers. The occurrence of NIHL (hearing threshold at 3,4 or 6 kHz &gt; 40 dB) was at least around 10 percentages lower among soldiers who started their career in 1990s than in the older year-classes 15 years after the beginning of military career. Concurrently, the decline of the average degree of hearing loss at high tones improved around 20 dB. The occurrence of NIHL was the lowest among pilots, musicians and naval soldiers, and the highest among soldiers in engineering and air defense corps. No clear difference was found between cardiovascular risk factors and NIHL with the exception of hyperglycemia. A clear temporal connection was found between the decline of the occurrence of NIHL among the soldiers and the hearing conservation measures carried out in the late 80s. A review of the four-stage hearing classification used in Finnish occupational health service since the 1970s, as well as the guidelines that rely on them, is needed. / Tiivistelmä Melu aiheuttaa sotilaille palautumattoman kuulovaurion riskin, minkä vuoksi meluvammojen ehkäisy on tärkeää. Yksilöiden meluvamma-alttiudessa tiedetään olevan suuria eroja. Syytä tähän ei vielä kovin hyvin tunneta. Tämän laajan rekisteritutkimuksen aineisto koostui 1941 sotilaan terveystarkastustiedoista, kuulontutkimustuloksista ja työhistoriatiedoista. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin meluvammojen esiintyvyyttä ja vaikeusastetta vuosina 1965−2007 palvelleilla suomalaisilla ammattisotilailla vertailemalla vuosikurssin ja aselajin mukaan valittuja ryhmiä sekä tutkittiin sotilaiden sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöiden ja meluvammojen yhteyttä. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin Suomen puolustusvoimissa ja Rajavartiolaitoksessa toteutettujen kuulonsuojelutoimenpiteiden vaikuttavuutta. Melu osoittautui olevan merkittävin kuulovian riskitekijä tutkitussa aineistossa. Viidentoista palvelusvuoden jälkeen ilmenneiden meluvammojen (kuulokynnys taajuudella 3,4 tai 6 kHz &gt; 40 dB) määrä oli vähintään kymmenen prosenttiyksikköä pienempi sotilailla, jotka aloittivat uransa 1990-luvulla verrattuna vanhempien vuosikurssien sotilaisiin. Samanaikaisesti korkeiden äänien kuuloviat lievenivät noin 20 dB:n verran. Meluvammariski oli pienin lentäjillä, soittajilla ja laivastosotilailla ja suurin pioneereilla ja ilmatorjuntasotilailla. Sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöistä ainoastaan korkea verensokeri näytti selkeästi liittyvän kohonneeseen meluvammariskiin. 1980-luvun lopulla toimeenpantujen kuulonsuojelutoimenpiteiden ja sotilaiden kuulon parantumisen välillä on nähtävissä selkeä ajallinen yhteys. Suomessa 1970-luvulta lähtien käytetyssä neliportaisessa kuuloluokituksessa ja siihen tukeutuvissa käytännöissä ilmeni puutteita, joiden vuoksi suomalaisen työterveyshuollon kuulonhuoltoa koskeva ohjeistus on aiheellista tarkistaa.
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Características audiológicas relacionadas ao baixo peso, prematuridade, anóxia/hipóxia e infecções congênitas ao nascimento : da triagem auditiva neonatal ao diagnóstico / Audiological features related to low weight, prematurity, anoxia/hipoxia and congenital infections of de neonatal hearing screening until audiological diagnostic

Souza, Gabriele Libano de, 1988- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Francisca Colella dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_GabrieleLibanode_M.pdf: 1981782 bytes, checksum: b3e4b6b8abe25f34c7d0d48c7c464b08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre os Indicadores de Risco para a Perda Auditiva e os resultados obtidos na Triagem Auditiva e no Diagnóstico Audiológico de lactentes que permaneceram na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal - UTIN. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição (protocolo 1085/2009). Trata-se de um estudo de Corte do tipo transversal. A amostra constituiu-se pelos neonatos que permaneceram por mais de 48 horas internados na UTIN, no período de agosto/2012 a janeiro/2014. Esses lactentes realizaram a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal por meio de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico ¿ Automático, modelo MADSEN AccuScreen ® GN Otometrics, preferencialmente antes da alta hospitalar. Os lactentes apresentavam resultados normais para a Triagem Auditiva quando passavam ao estímulo clique a 35 dB bilateralmente. Apenas os recém-nascidos que falharam no teste e reteste da Triagem Auditiva foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica, esta constituída por Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico, Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas por estímulo Transiente e Imitanciometria. Os recém-nascidos que passaram na Triagem Auditiva, porém apresentavam Indicadores de Risco para Perda Auditiva foram encaminhados para monitoramento auditivo e de linguagem. Informações referentes às condições de nascimento, e procedimentos realizados durante o período de internação, foram coletadas em prontuários. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o Teste Qui-quadrado, Teste Exato de Fisher e Odds Ratio, o nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. O estudo foi composto por 690 nascidos vivos. Destes, 84,64% realizaram a Triagem Auditiva, e o índice de falha na triagem foi 3,42%. A prevalência de perda auditiva na pesquisa foi 2,05%. Ao analisar a associação dos resultados de falha na Triagem Auditiva e os Indicadores de Risco para Perda Auditiva foi encontrado p-valor inferior a 0,05 para os seguintes indicadores: uso de ventilação mecânica, anomalia craniofacial e síndrome genética. Os indicadores de risco: anomalia craniofacial e síndrome genética tiveram significativa influência sobre o resultado de perda auditiva / Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the risk factors for hearing loss and the results obtained in the hearing screening and the audiological diagnosis of infants who remained in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Cross-sectional cohort study. The neonatal hearing screening (NHS) was performed in infants admitted to the NICU or intermediate care of CAISM / UNICAMP for at least 48 hours, from August 2012 to January 2014, through automated auditory brainstem response with click stimulus at 35 dB. NHS was performed before hospital discharge or it was booked if the infant had been transferred or left the hospital prior to NHS procedures. Information regarding the conditions of birth, and procedures performed during the period of hospitalization, were collected in the records of infants. Infant passed the hearing screening when responded to click the 35dB bilaterally. Only the infants who failed hearing screening and retest underwent audiological assessment, which consisted of auditory brainstem response, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and tympanometry meansurement. The infants who passed in the hearing screening, but had risk indicator for hearing loss were referred to the auditory monitoring. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test, the level of significance was set at 0.05. The study was composed of 690 infants alive, these 84.64% held the hearing screening, the failure rate in screening was 3.42%. The sensorineural hearing loss was found in 0.34% of infants and the conductive type in 1.71% of cases. To analyze the association of the results of the tests and risk factors for hearing loss it was found p-value less than 0.05 to the following indicators: use of mechanical ventilation, craniofacial anomaly involving ear and temporal bone, and genetic syndrome that expressed hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing loss in the research was 2.05%. The risk factors: mechanical ventilation, craniofacial anomaly involving ear and temporal bone, and genetic syndrome that expressed hearing loss had significant influence on the outcome of hearing screening / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Ciências

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