Stemming from increased levels of participation and diversity of the student base (Biggs & Tang, 2011) and growing scrutiny on the quality of university degrees (Crowley, 2013; Marr, 2013), governments have begun putting in place mechanisms to monitor and support quality in higher education. Over the last few decades, a notion of quality that has gained traction in the scholarly community is that of quality in terms of enhancement and transformation (Cheng, 2017; Houston, 2008; Williams, 2016). Guided by the discourses of Transformative Learning Theory (Mezirow, 2000) and transformative conceptions of quality in higher education (Harvey & Green, 1993), this study examined graduate student learning experiences and perceptions of quality. Of further interest was the extent to which these learners were living the intended transformation that academic programs are seeking to foster. Using a multiple case-study design, Seidman’s (2013) three-stage interview protocol served as primary source of data from a sample of six PhD candidates across three faculties. Secondary data sources included collected documents, a reflexivity journal and field notes. A within-case analysis was performed for each case and compared via a cross-case analysis. Institutional characterizations of quality were examined across 25 artifacts via a document analysis. The four principal factors that characterized the PhD candidate learning experience emerged as the significance of intentional individualized guidance, becoming an independent scholar, the importance of social interactions and community, and the transformative nature of learning. Gaps were identified between institutional intent and the learner experience. However, complementarity between discourses of transformation appeared to offer bridges between the macro-level institutional orientation toward fostering student transformation and the micro-level transformative learning experiences lived by students. The dissertation makes conceptual, methodological and empirical contributions to the domains of postsecondary quality and transformative learning. Implications for policy related to quality assurance as well as practice in program development and doctoral supervision are equally shared.

Human chorionic gonodotropin (HCG) affected in various ways cell cultures infected with strains of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). The cell cultures studied were chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF), normal rat kidney cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutant (LA31-NRK) and a wild type RSV (B77-NRK). HCG increased the rate of transformation and viral titer of CEF cells infected with RSV, but not B77-NRK. HCG increased significantly transformation rates of LA31-NRK, only if the temperature sensitive transformation process was first delayed by incubation at non-permissive temperatures. It is suggested that some postinfective, pretransformational event(s) may operate before viralmediated transformation rates are increased by HCG.

With the rise of digital technologies that have disrupted standard business models and created a new level of competition in the market, the need for digital business strategising that shapes the future of organisations and achieves digital transformation is high on the agenda of most firms. The added complexity of uncertainty in the regulatory environment regarding financial products and services, regulation of digital platforms and ongoing financial regulatory changes based on macro-economic turbulence, makes for a complex external environment within which businesses need to effectively compete and achieve performance targets. A qualitative, interpretive case study of a South African based global organisation is undertaken to explore and understand how organisations navigate the macro-environmental landscape while forging a digitally transformed future. The research uses thematic analysis to extract themes in the data collected from both IT and business leaders as they navigate the path of transitioning from traditional to digital business models in the context of regulatory uncertainty. The study provides insight into what is required for firms to achieve digital transformation, and demonstrates the influence that regulatory uncertainty has on the digital business strategising process of a firm. A conceptual model is developed that reflects the key drivers of digital transformation to achieve digital maturity and competitive advantage, and also represents the external influencing factors of regulatory uncertainty. The findings reveal a shift to a more tactical, combined top-down, bottom-up strategising practice with reliance on dynamic capabilities, strong leadership and innovation to overcome challenges of regulatory uncertainty.

Att arbeta med digital transformation har visat sig vara en nyckelfaktor för företag som lyckatshantera den rådande krisen orsakad av covid-19 väl. Med detta i åtanke ämnade studien attundersöka hur svenska företag anpassat sig digitalt under krisen utifrån studiens valda ramverk.Detta genomfördes för att undersöka hur företagen arbetat med digital transformation undercovid-19 samt för att kartlägga hur svenska företag anpassat sig med hjälp av digitaltransformation under kriser. En kvalitativ enkätundersökning genomfördes med åtta företag.Resultatet visade att tillvägagångssättet de undersökta företagen hade anpassat sig på skiljdesig åt men att samtliga hade genomfört förändringar för till följd av krisen. Ett mönster somidentifierades var att en stor andel av de digitala transformationer som genomförts under covid19 var kopplade till kommunikation, exempelvis genom ökat användande av webbinarium ochdigitala möten. Det kunde även utläsas att företagen i hög grad genomfört sina digitalatransformationer med målsättningen att tillgodose sina kunders behov. Resultatet indikeradeäven att digital transformation hade påskyndats bland svenska företag under covid-19. / Working with digital transformation has proven to be a key factor for companies that havemanaged to deal with the current crisis caused by covid-19 well. With this in mind, the studyintended to investigate how Swedish companies adapted digitally during the crisis based on thestudy's chosen framework. This was carried out to investigate how the companies worked withdigital transformation during covid-19 and to map how Swedish companies adapted with thehelp of digital transformation during crises. A qualitative survey was conducted with eightcompanies. The results revealed that the approach the companies surveyed had adapted todiffered, but that all had implemented changes as a result of the crisis. One pattern that wasidentified was that a large proportion of the digital transformations carried out during covid-19were linked to communication, for example through increased use of webinars and digitalmeetings. It was also noted that the companies have largely implemented their digitaltransformations with the aim of meeting their customers' needs. The results also indicated thatdigital transformation had been accelerated among Swedish companies during covid-19.

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Examensarbetets huvudsakliga syfte har varit att undersöka hur stora omvandlingsprojekt påverkar en stadsmiljös karaktär. Detta har utförts genom en fallstudie av Uppsala, en stad i en av den mest expansiva tillväxtområdena i Europa. Det tillhör ett av regeringens prioriterade områden i satsningen på hållbara stadsdelar och städer. Ytterligare faktorer som undersökts har varit att studera planerade och pågående projekts kumulativa effekter på Uppsalas stadsmiljö och hur huruvida dessa förändringar är förenliga med kommunens styrande dokument.    Urbanmorfologisk teori har använts för att undersöka hur staden växt historiskt, primärt från 1800-talet och framåt. Det har även använts för att hitta fördjupningsområden för mer djupgående urbanmorfologiska analyser. Teorin har kompletterats med en dokumentstudie över relevanta dokument rörande Uppsala, såsom översiktsplaner samt kommunens innerstadsstrategi och arkitekturpolicy. Tre områden valdes ut för mer finmaskiga analyser utifrån dokumentstudien och den mer lågupplösta analysen av Uppsalas centrala delar. Två av dessa områden är ursprungligen industriområden i olika skeden av omvandling och det tredje är ett centralt område i närheten av många viktiga funktioner. Beståndsdelar som kvarter, fastigheter, byggnader, gator, gaturum och öppna ytor undersöktes. Tillsammans med aktuella planer och program gjordes slutsatser gällande de specifika områdenas framtida karaktär och struktur. Det gjordes sedan en undersökning huruvida undersökningsområdenas planer var förenliga med kommunens styrande dokument och hur omvandlingen av dessa områden påverkar Uppsalas stadsmiljö i sin helhet. Omvandlingsområdena var till stor del förenliga med kommunens innerstadsstrategi. Flest skiljaktigheter återfanns mellan fördjupningsområdet Främre Boländerna och kommunens arkitekturpolicy avseende kärnbegrepp som sammanhang, skala och befintliga värden. Projektens kumulativa effekter på Uppsalas stadsmiljö bedömdes leda till ökad homogenitet i gaturum, utbredning av rutnätsstruktur, högre byggnadsvolymer och bebyggelse från 1950- till 1970-tal som får göra plats för nya byggnader. Det erhållna resultatet avseende hur en stadsmiljös karaktär påverkas av storskaliga omvandlingsprojekts är att den befintliga karaktären ofta riskerar att gå förlorad. Detta till följd av att få beståndsdelar av urban form bevaras då de sällan är förenliga med syftet av omvandlingen eller rådande stadsbyggnadsideal.    För att bli bättre på att bevara stadsmiljön och karaktären av områden rekommenderas mer holistiska analyser utifrån urbanmorfologisk teori. På så vis kan en plats unika drag identifieras och vidareutvecklas istället för att främst omvandlas utifrån rådande stadsideal. / The main purpose of this master thesis has been to investigate how large redevelopment projects affect the character of an urban environment. This has been carried out through a case study of Uppsala, a city in one of the most expansive growth areas in Europe. It also belongs to one of the government's prioritized areas in the investment in sustainable districts and cities. Additional factors that have been investigated has been to study the cumulative effects of planned and ongoing projects on Uppsala's urban environment and whether these changes are compatible with the municipality's governing documents. Urban morphological theory has been used to investigate how the city has grown historically, primarily from the 19th century and onwards. It has also been used to find focus areas for more in-depth urban morphological analyzes. The theory has been complemented with a document study of relevant documents regarding Uppsala, such as general plans and the municipality's inner-city strategy and architectural policy. Three areas were selected for finer-mesh analyzes based on the document study and the lower-resolution analysis of Uppsala's central parts. Two of these areas are historically industrial areas at different stages of transformation and the third is a central area close to many important city functions. Components such as blocks, properties, buildings, streets, street spaces and open spaces were examined. Together with current plans and programs, conclusions were drawn regarding the future character and structure of the specific areas. An investigation was then carried out as to whether the investigated areas' plans were compatible with the municipality's governing documents and how the transformation of these areas affects Uppsala's urban environment as a whole. The focus areas were largely in line with the municipality's inner-city strategy. The biggest discrepancies were found between the area Främre Boländerna and the municipality's architectural policy regarding concepts such as context, scale and existing values. The projects' cumulative effects on Uppsala's urban environment were concluded to lead to increased homogeneity in street spaces, increased implementation of the grid street plan, taller building volumes and the replacement of buildings from the 1950s to the 1970s in favor of new buildings. The obtained result regarding how the character of an urban environment is affected by large-scale conversion projects is that the existing character is often at risk of being lost. This due to few elements of urban form being preserved as they seldom are compatible with the intention of the transformation or the current urban planning trend. To become better at preserving the urban environment and the character of areas, more holistic analyzes based on urban morphological theory are recommended. In this way, a place's unique features can be identified and be further developed instead of being transformed based primarily on the current urban trend.

La presente investigación académica busca explicar la influencia entre la transformación digital en la transformación cultural en las empresas del sector financiero en Lima Metropolitana en el 2019. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo no experimental, transeccional, con un enfoque cuantitativo y de correlación. La herramienta utilizada para recabar los datos fue a través de una encuesta de tipo Likert, siendo determinada mediante la confiabilidad del Coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach, siendo validada por juicio de expertos. La técnica de muestreo aleatorio simple, fue mediante 381 encuestados que laboren el sector financiero de los cuatro bancos más reconocidos a nivel Lima Metropolitana (BCP, BBVA, Interbank y Scotiabank) de una población de 36,033 colaboradores a nivel nacional. En relación a las pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas del Coeficiente de correlación Thau de Kendall (Valor = 0.598) y de Spearman (Valor = 0.747), indica que se tiene una correlación positiva entre ambas variables del presente estudio, la transformación digital y la transformación cultural. / This academic research seeks to explain the influence between digital transformation on cultural transformation in companies in the financial sector in Metropolitan Lima in 2019. The research design is non-experimental, transectional, with a quantitative and correlational approach. The tool identified to collect the data was through a Likert-type survey, being determined by the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, being validated by expert judgment. The simple random sampling technique was through 381 surveys that worked in the financial sector of the four most recognized banks at the Metropolitan Lima level (BCP, BBVA, Interbank and Scotiabank) of a population of 36,033 collaborators nationwide. In relation to the nonparametric statistical tests of the Kendall Thau Correlation Coefficient (Value = 0.598) and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient (Value = 0.747), it indicates that there is a positive correlation between the variables of the present study, digital transformation and cultural transformation. / Tesis

Cette thèse a été centrée sur l’étude de la formation d’une phase martensitique dans les aciersFe-Ni-C et sur la diffusion des atomes de carbone dans cette phase à basse température. Lamodélisation à l’échelle atomique a été utilisée. Pour décrire ces phénomènes, deux approchesont été développées: un modèle discret basé sur la théorie de la fonction de densité atomique(ADF) et une approche quasiparticulaire basée sur la théorie atomique de Fratons (AFT). Dansun premier temps, pour montrer l’universalité de notre approche, nous avons appliqué l'AFTpour modéliser la cinétique d'auto-assemblage des atomes initialement désordonnés à desstructures ordonnées complexes. Cette approche a ensuite été appliquée à l'étude detransformation austénite/martensite. Il a été montré que le germe de martensite se développecomme agrégat multivariant dans la matrice austénitique. En utilisant des figures de pôles etdes diagrammes de diffraction simulés, ces variants ont été identifiés et comparés aux donnéesexpérimentales. La diffusion du carbone dans la phase de martensite a été étudiée en utilisantla théorie ADF. Deux systèmes avec différentes propriétés élastiques, Fe-C et Fe-Ni-C, ont étéconsidérés. Il a été montré qu’au cours du premier stade de vieillissement, les atomes decarbone subissent une décomposition spinodale sur les interstices octaédriques du réseautétragonal centré de martensite et forment les zones riches en carbone. Ensuite, la morphologie«tweed-like» des zones riches en carbone est développée. Les résultats des simulations sontun bon accord avec les images expérimentales obtenues par sonde atomique tomographique.La relation entre une mise en ordre de Zener et la concentration des zones riches en carbone aété discutée. / This thesis examines the formation of martensite in Fe-Ni-C steels and the diffusion of carbonatoms in this phase at low temperatures. To achieve this goal the atomistic modeling have beenused. To describe these phenomena two different approaches were developed: a discretemodel based on the Atomic Density Function (ADF) theory and the quasiparticle approachesbased on the Atomic Fraton Theory (AFT). First, the AFT was tested to model a self-assemblykinetics of initially disordered systems to three different classes of ordered one: singlecomponent crystals with fcc and diamond structures, two component crystals with zinc-blendstructure, and polymers with single-strand and double-stranded helixes structures. Then thisapproach was applied to model austenite/martensite transformation. It was shown thatmartensite nucleus grows as multivariant aggregate in austenite matrix. Using pole figures andsimulated diffraction patterns these variants were identified and compared with the experimentaldata. The carbon diffusion in martensite phase was studied using ADF theory. Two systemswith the different elastic properties corresponding to the Fe-C and Fe-Ni-C systems wereconsidered. It was shown that during a first stage of aging the carbon atoms undergo a spinodaldecomposition on the octahedral interstices of bcc lattice and form the carbon-rich zones. Then"tweed-like" morphology of carbon-rich zones is developed. The simulations results are a goodagreement with experimental images obtained by atom probe tomography. The relationbetween Zener ordering and the concentration of carbon reach zones is discussed.

Le concept de l'optique de transformation qui permet de contrôler le trajet des ondes électromagnétiques à volonté en appliquant une variation spatiale judicieusement définie dans les paramètres constitutifs, est exploré pour concevoir des nouveaux types d'antennes et de dispositifs micro-ondes. Dans une première partie, basée sur la transformation de coordonnées, un dispositif d'illusion capable de modifier l'apparence d'une émission électromagnétique et de la délocaliser, est validé par le biais de simulations numériques. Un dispositif de transition de guide d'ondes, permettant d'assurer une transmission quasi totale entre deux guides d'ondes de sections transversales différentes est également conçu et validé expérimentalement par l'utilisation des résonateurs à métamatériaux. Dans une seconde partie, la transformation de l'espace basée sur l'équation de Laplace est étudiée pour concevoir des lentilles pour les applications antennaires. Une lentille de focalisation capable de restaurer les émissions en phase d'un réseau conforme d'éléments rayonnants et une lentille à dépointage qui permet de dévier la direction du faisceau rayonné d'une antenne sont conçues. Des prototypes fabriqués à partir d'un matériau isotrope tout-diélectrique grâce à la technologie d'impression en trois dimensions (3D) permettent de valider expérimentalement la fonctionnalité des lentilles sur une large bande de fréquence. / The concept of transformation optics which can control electromagnetic waves at will by applying a judiciously defined spatial variation in the constitutive parameters is explored to design novel type antennas and microwave devices. In a first part, based on coordinate transformation, an illusion device able to modify the appearance of an electromagnetic emission and then delocalize it is validated through numerical simulations. A waveguide tapering device allowing to assure quasi-total transmission between two waveguides of different cross-sections is also designed and validated experimentally through the use of metamaterial resonators. In a second part, space transformation based on Laplace's equation is studied to design lenses for antenna applications. A beam focusing lens able to restore in-phase emissions from a conformal array of radiators and a beam steering lens that allows deflecting the radiated bema of an antenna are designed. Prototypes fabricated by an all-dielectric isotropic material through three-dimensional (3D) polyjet printing technology allow to experimentally validate the functionality of the lenses on a wide frequency range.

Les travaux de cette thèse ont pour cadre la vérification formelle, et plus spécifiquement le projet ANR Blanc CLIMT (Categorical and Logical Methods in Model Transformation) dédié aux grammaires de graphes. Ce projet, qui a démarré en février 2012 pour une durée de 48 mois, a donné lieu à la définition du langage Small-tALC, bâti sur la logique de description ALCQI. Ce langage prend la forme d’un DSL (Domain Specific Language) impératif à base de règles, chacune dérivant structurellement un graphe. Le langage s’accompagne d’un composant de preuve basé sur la logique de Hoare chargé d’automatiser le processus de vérification d’une règle. Cependant, force est de constater que tous les praticiens ne sont pas nécessairement familiers avec les méthodes formelles du génie logiciel et que les transformations sont complexes à écrire. En particulier, ne disposant que du seul prouveur, il s’agit pour le développeur Small-tALC d’écrire un triplet de Hoare {P} S {Q} et d’attendre le verdict de sa correction sous la forme d’un graphe contre-exemple en cas d’échec. Ce contre-exemple est parfois difficile à décrypter, et ne permet pas de localiser aisément l’erreur au sein du triplet. De plus, le prouveur ne valide qu’une seule règle à la fois, sans considérer l’ensemble des règles de transformation et leur ordonnancement d’exécution. Ce constat nous a conduits à proposer un environnement d’assistance au développeur Small-tALC. Cette assistance vise à l’aider à rédiger ses triplets et à prouver ses transformations, en lui offrant plus de rétroaction que le prouveur. Pour ce faire, les instructions du langage ont été revisitées selon l’angle ABox et TBox de la logique ALCQI. Ainsi, conformément aux logiques de description, la mise à jour du graphe par la règle s’assimile à la mise à jour ABox des individus (les nœuds) et de leurs relations (les arcs) d’un domaine terminologique TBox (le type des nœuds et les étiquettes des arcs) susceptible d’évoluer. Les contributions de cette thèse concernent : (1) un extracteur de préconditions ABox à partir d’un code de transformation S et de sa postcondition Q pour l’écriture d’une règle {P} S {Q} correcte par construction, (2) un raisonneur TBox capable d’inférer des propriétés sur des ensembles de nœuds transformés par un enchaînement de règles {Pi} Si {Qi}, et (3) d’autres diagnostics ABox et TBox sous la forme de tests afin d’identifier et de localiser des problèmes dans les programmes. L’analyse statique du code de transformation d’une règle, combinée à un calcul d’alias des variables désignant les nœuds du graphe, permet d’extraire un ensemble de préconditions ABox validant la règle. Les inférences TBox pour un enchaînement de règles résultent d’une analyse statique par interprétation abstraite des règles ABox afin de vérifier formellement des états du graphe avant et après les appels des règles. A ces deux outils formels s’ajoutent des analyseurs dynamiques produisant une batterie de tests pour une règle ABox, ou un diagnostic TBox pour une séquence de règles / The overall context of this thesis is formal verification, and more specifically the ANR Blanc CLIMT project (Categorical and Logical Methods in Model Transformation) dedicated to graph grammars. This project, which started in February 2012 for 48 months, gave rise to the development of the Small- tALC language, a graph transformation language based on the ALCQI description logic. This language takes the form of an imperative DSL (Domain Specific Language) based on rules; from each rule structurally derives a graph. It goes with a proof component based on Hoare's logic designed to automate the process of rule verification. However, it must be assumed that not all developers are familiar with formal methods of software engineering, and that graph transformations are complex to write. In particular, using exclusively the prover, the Small- tALC developer must write a Hoare triple {P} S {Q} and wait for the feedback in the form of a counterexample graph in case of failure. This counter-example is sometimes difficult to interpret, and so it does not allow to easily locate the error within the triple. Moreover, the prover validates only one rule at once, without considering all the transformation rules and their execution order. This fact led us to propose an assistance framework for Small- tALC to help developers write their triples and prove their transformations, providing them more feedback than the prover does. To this purpose, the Small- tALC instructions have been reviewed according to the ABox and TBox aspects of the ALCQI logic. Thus, in accordance with description logics, updating the graph by the rule corresponds to the ABox updating of individuals (nodes) and their relationships (edges) of a TBox terminology domain (nodes concepts and edges labels) that is also expected to evolve. The contributions of this thesis concern: (1) an ABox precondition extractor from a transformation code S and its post-condition Q in order to produce a correct by construction rule {P} S {Q}, (2) a TBox reasoner to infer properties on sets of nodes transformed by a rule sequence {Pi} Si {Qi}, and (3) other ABox and TBox diagnostics based on tests to identify and locate errors in programs. The static analysis of the code of a transformation rule, combined with an alias calculus of the variables that can not designate the same nodes of the graph, allows to extract a set of ABox preconditions validating the rule. TBox inferences related to a sequence of rules result from a static analysis by abstract interpretation of the ABox rules. These inferences formally check graph states before and after rule calls. Beside these two formal tools, the framework features dynamic analyzers that produce test cases for an ABox rule, or a TBox diagnosis for a sequence of rules