O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o processo de transição para a parentalidade no contexto de cardiopatia congênita do bebê. Participaram do estudo quatro casais, pais de crianças que nasceram com malformação cardíaca, que estavam acompanhando seus filhos durante a internação em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Foi utilizado delineamento de estudo de casos coletivo e a coleta de dados foi feita através de uma entrevista individual com a mãe e com o pai sobre os primeiros momentos após o nascimento do bebê com malformação e a experiência da maternidade e da paternidade, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados segundo os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo qualitativa. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que a notícia da malformação cardíaca do bebê interfere no processo de parentalização de maneira profunda. Destacou-se a intensa preocupação das mães com a sobrevivência dos bebês, evidenciada através de uma dedicação exclusiva a eles. Já os pais demonstram-se muito envolvidos com seus filhos, assumindo também a tarefa de proteger as mães. / The present study aimed to investigate the transition process to parenthood in the context of congenital heart disease. Four couples, whose children were born with heart malformation, took part in the study. They all stayed with their children when they were in an Intensive Care Unit. A collective-case study design was used and data were collected through an individual interview with mothers and fathers on the first moments after giving birth to a child with malformation, and the experience of motherhood and fatherhood, respectively, in the context of heart malformation. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results indicated that the diagnosis of heart malformation interferes in the parentalization process in a very intense way. Mothers were extremely concerned about the infant's survival and very dedicated to him/her. Besides being very involved, fathers also assumed the task of protecting mothers.

The percent of families with parents from different racial or ethnic backgrounds has risen exponentially in the last decades. Approximately 14% of children were born into multiethnoracial (MER) families in the United States in 2015, more than double the rate from 1980 (Bialik, 2017). Studies show that MER couples are more likely to separate or divorce than their monoethnoracial (MoER) counterparts, perhaps due to greater conflict stemming from differing values, coping strategies, and conflict management styles and decreased access to family and community support (Fu, Tora, & Kendall, 2001; Zhang & Van Hook, 2009). With the growing rates of MER couples, there has been increased interest and research addressing the unique benefits and challenges of being in a MER relationship. It is likely that the challenges that arise in MER families peak across the transition to parenthood when couples must negotiate how to merge their respective values, behaviors, and beliefs into a new family unit. The proposed study examines how the ethnoracial composition of couples (i.e., same versus different racial/ethnic backgrounds) predicts levels and increases in coparental conflict across early parenthood; and, in addition, the role of familial support as both a mediator and moderator of this relationship. Identifying the processes linking couples’ ethnoracial composition to the quality of family relationships could help inform parent interventions to better support MER parents across the transition to parenthood.

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This study examines relationships between the division of housework and childcare and marital love and conflict and perceived fairness as a mediator of those relationships. Gender role ideology is also examined as a moderator of the relationships between the division of labor predictors and perceived fairness. To this end 112 working-class, dual-earner couples having their first child were interviewed at three time points during the first year of parenthood after mothers returned to work. Findings indicate that wives’ reported greater marital love when their husbands performed more housework and more childcare, with fairness as a mediator of those relations. Husbands’ greater participation in both housework and childcare was directly related to their reports of marital love. For marital conflict, wives reported less conflict when husbands performed more childcare with perceived fairness as a mediator. Husbands reported less conflict when they performed a greater proportion of housework, with wives’ perceived fairness as a mediator. The division of childcare and perceived fairness were more strongly related for wives with egalitarian gender role ideology than for more traditional wives.

This study investigated whether ethnic identity, financial and educational resources, and social support predicted levels and trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms above and beyond racial and ethnic categories. A sample of Black, Latina, and White working class mothers were interviewed at five time points during the first year of parenthood. Findings indicated that Latina mothers experienced significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to Black mothers at the final time point. There was a significant interaction between race and ethnic identity in predicting symptoms such that Latino mothers saw an increase in the growth rate of symptoms compared to White mothers. Perceived social support from family was associated lower levels of symptoms at Time 5. Additionally, occupational prestige moderated the relationship between race and depressive symptoms. Compared to Latina mothers, Black mothers with high occupational prestige experienced a significant decline in depressive symptoms across the first year of parenthood and this change occurred more rapidly than for Latina mothers. There was also a trend for the interaction between ethnic identity and education predicting maternal depressive symptoms Mothers with high ethnic identity and more education experienced a rapid decline in depressive symptoms across the transition to parenthood compared other mothers. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the unique experiences of people of different racial and ethnic groups.

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