Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2008.

Diss. Nr. 2905 Wirtschaftswiss. St. Gallen, 2004. / Literaturverz.

Techn. University, Diss., 2005--Berlin.

Atualmente em vários países já existem mais dispositivos e meios de comunicações que habitantes e a medida que a tecnologia avança a troca de informação tende a aumentar exponencialmente. Com isso, ganha destaque a área denominada computação ubíqua, que visa o desenvolvimento de aplicativos para automatizar processos, antes manuais, a fim de proporcionar conforto, rapidez e conexão aos usuários com seus dispositivos. Nos estudos realizados decorrer desta tese identificou–se a necessidade de desenvolver e controlar informações privadas fundamentadas no local, aqui denominado ambiente ubíquo. O problema de pesquisa identificado foi a grande heterogeneidade de dispositivos e comunicações nestes sistemas, tornando-os vulneráveis e expondo os dados de seus usuários. Assim, observou-se a necessidade de um modelo taxonômico de privacidade que engloba características necessárias para controlar e gerenciar a privacidade de dados em ambientes ubíquos. A partir dessa taxonomia desenvolveu–se um protótipo com base em um middleware estruturado em camadas necessárias para prover os controles e gerenciamentos necessários nestes ambientes. Os primeiros testes e resultados se mostraram promissores, tendo seus resultados publicados em conferências internacionais da área que nortearam os estudos para uma melhoria do tratamento e filtragem de dados. Também foi possível a ampliação dos controles e gerenciamento de parâmetros automáticos com aumento e redução de definição do tipo de perfil do usuário em adição são apresentados os resultados obtidos em diferentes cenários de uso e aplicação. Para tanto, o protótipo desenvolvido permite selecionar opções de variáveis atribuídas individualmente a cada ambiente de acordo com suas necessidades, com isso, a solução proposta visa ser empregada no gerenciamento de privacidade em ambientes ubíquos. Os resultados obtidos nos testes realizados comprovam a viabilidade e contribuição cientifica do modelo desenvolvido. O aplicativo UbiPri foi disponibilizado para utilização no google play store, podendo ser instalado e configurado na plataforma android. / Currently in many countries there are already more devices and communication means inhabitants and as technology advances the exchange of information tends to increase exponentially. As a result, stands out the area called ubiquitous computing, which aims to develop applications to automate processes before hand in order to provide comfort, speed and connecting users with their devices. In studies carried out throughout this thesis it identified the need to develop and control private information based on location, here called ubiquitous environment. The identified research problem was the great heterogeneity of devices and communications in these systems, making them vulnerable and exposing the data of its users. Thus, there was the need for a taxonomic model of privacy that encompasses features needed to control and manage data privacy in ubiquitous environments. From this taxonomy developed a prototype based on a middleware structured in layers to provide the necessary controls and managements required in these environments. The first tests and results were promising, with the results published in international conferences in the area that guided the studies for improved treatment and filtering of data. It was also possible the expansion of controls and management parameters with automatic increase and decrease setting in the user profile type in addition the results obtained are presented in different usage scenarios and application. Thus, the prototype allows you to select options variables individually assigned to each environment according to their needs, with it, the proposed solution is intended to be used in the privacy management in ubiquitous environments. The results obtained in the tests prove the feasibility and scientific contribution of the developed model. The UbiPri application was made available for use in the google play store and can be installed and configured on android platform.

Atualmente em vários países já existem mais dispositivos e meios de comunicações que habitantes e a medida que a tecnologia avança a troca de informação tende a aumentar exponencialmente. Com isso, ganha destaque a área denominada computação ubíqua, que visa o desenvolvimento de aplicativos para automatizar processos, antes manuais, a fim de proporcionar conforto, rapidez e conexão aos usuários com seus dispositivos. Nos estudos realizados decorrer desta tese identificou–se a necessidade de desenvolver e controlar informações privadas fundamentadas no local, aqui denominado ambiente ubíquo. O problema de pesquisa identificado foi a grande heterogeneidade de dispositivos e comunicações nestes sistemas, tornando-os vulneráveis e expondo os dados de seus usuários. Assim, observou-se a necessidade de um modelo taxonômico de privacidade que engloba características necessárias para controlar e gerenciar a privacidade de dados em ambientes ubíquos. A partir dessa taxonomia desenvolveu–se um protótipo com base em um middleware estruturado em camadas necessárias para prover os controles e gerenciamentos necessários nestes ambientes. Os primeiros testes e resultados se mostraram promissores, tendo seus resultados publicados em conferências internacionais da área que nortearam os estudos para uma melhoria do tratamento e filtragem de dados. Também foi possível a ampliação dos controles e gerenciamento de parâmetros automáticos com aumento e redução de definição do tipo de perfil do usuário em adição são apresentados os resultados obtidos em diferentes cenários de uso e aplicação. Para tanto, o protótipo desenvolvido permite selecionar opções de variáveis atribuídas individualmente a cada ambiente de acordo com suas necessidades, com isso, a solução proposta visa ser empregada no gerenciamento de privacidade em ambientes ubíquos. Os resultados obtidos nos testes realizados comprovam a viabilidade e contribuição cientifica do modelo desenvolvido. O aplicativo UbiPri foi disponibilizado para utilização no google play store, podendo ser instalado e configurado na plataforma android. / Currently in many countries there are already more devices and communication means inhabitants and as technology advances the exchange of information tends to increase exponentially. As a result, stands out the area called ubiquitous computing, which aims to develop applications to automate processes before hand in order to provide comfort, speed and connecting users with their devices. In studies carried out throughout this thesis it identified the need to develop and control private information based on location, here called ubiquitous environment. The identified research problem was the great heterogeneity of devices and communications in these systems, making them vulnerable and exposing the data of its users. Thus, there was the need for a taxonomic model of privacy that encompasses features needed to control and manage data privacy in ubiquitous environments. From this taxonomy developed a prototype based on a middleware structured in layers to provide the necessary controls and managements required in these environments. The first tests and results were promising, with the results published in international conferences in the area that guided the studies for improved treatment and filtering of data. It was also possible the expansion of controls and management parameters with automatic increase and decrease setting in the user profile type in addition the results obtained are presented in different usage scenarios and application. Thus, the prototype allows you to select options variables individually assigned to each environment according to their needs, with it, the proposed solution is intended to be used in the privacy management in ubiquitous environments. The results obtained in the tests prove the feasibility and scientific contribution of the developed model. The UbiPri application was made available for use in the google play store and can be installed and configured on android platform.

Diariamente, novos sistemas ubíquos são desenvolvidos e integrados ao nosso cotidiano, cuja presença às vezes não é percebida pelos seus usuários. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as questões de segurança e privacidade existentes nos paradigmas de computação ubíqua e ciente de contexto. Utilizando um protótipo de TV interativa - TV-I (Goularte, 2003) - que possui características de mobilidade e ciência de contexto, este trabalho define um conjunto de requisitos mínimos para a garantia de segurança e privacidade em sistemas ubíquos. É também objetivo deste trabalho utilizar informações contextuais para gerenciamento dinâmico de requisitos de segurança e privacidade por meio de políticas expressas em linguagem EPAL. Para validar os resultados desta pesquisa, foi implementado o Gerente de Segurança como um serviço do protótipo TV-I. A principal característica desse gerente é controlar o acesso a informações pessoais por meio de informações de contexto fornecidas pelo Gerente de Contexto, de autoria de Santos (2004) / Every day, new ubiquitous systems are being developed and integrated into our daily routines, whose presence is sometimes not even perceived by the casual user. The aim of this work is to investigate questions of security and privacy in ubiquitous and context aware computing. Using a prototype for interactive television - TV-I (Goularte, 2003) - that has characteristics of mobility and contextual-awareness, this work defines a set of basic requirements that are fundamental in order to guarantee security and privacy in ubiquitous systems. Furthermore, this work uses contextual information in order to dynamically manage security and privacy requirements according to security and privacy policies that are expressed in the EPAL language. In order to validate the experimental results, a Security Manager has been implemented as a service of the TV-I prototype. The principal characteristic of this manager is to enforce access control over the personal information using contextual information of the ubiquitous system, and which is supplied via the Context Manager, designed by Santos (2004).

Mobile devices with access to large numbers of sensors with internet access move forwards the development of intelligent applications towards new shape of ubiquitous applications. In order to create such applications we need to be able to do simulations to test and deploy. Current simulators do not permit this since they are centralized and the information is not shared globally. Therefore we cannot use them to test application built on distributed sensor information. I selected Siafu as the simulator component. In the next step, the simulator was customized according to the requirements of the project. There are different possibilities to achieve this task, but a simple GUI is made to control the simulator.The end result is a complete architecture for simulating context aware scenarios. The implementation is tested by running the simulator and dumping the context data into the PGRID overlay. For future work, implementing proximity estimation between the agents will be a good idea and can be interesting as well.

Ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) envisions a new computing environment, where computing devices and related technology are widespread (i.e. everywhere) and services are provided at anytime. The technology is embedded discreetly in the environment to raise users' awareness. UbiComp environments support the proliferation of heterogeneous devices such as embedded computing devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable computers, mobile phones, laptops, office desktops (PCs), and hardware sensors. These devices may be interconnected by common networks (e.g. wired, wireless), and may have different levels of capabilities (i.e. computational power, storage, power consumption, etc). They are seamlessly integrated and interoperated to provide smart services (i.e. adaptive services). A UbiComp environment provides smart services to users based on the users' and/or system's current contexts. It provides the services to users unobtrusively and in turn the user's interactions with the environment should be as non-intrusive and as transparent as possible. Access to such smart services and devices must be controlled by an effective access control system that adapts its decisions based on the changes in the surrounding contextual information. This thesis aims at designing an adaptive fine-grained access control solution that seamlessly fits into UbiComp environments. The solution should be flexible in supporting the use of different contextual information and efficient, in terms of access delays, in controlling access to resources with divergent levels of sensitivity. The main contribution of this thesis is the proposal of the Context-Risk-Aware Access Control (CRAAC) model. CRAAC achieves fine-grained access control based upon the risk level in the underlying access environment and/or the sensitivity level of the requested resource object. CRAAC makes new contributions to the access control field, those include 1) introducing the concept of level of assurance based access control, 2) providing a method to convert the contextual attributes values into the corresponding level of assurance, 3) Proposing two methods to aggregate the set of level of assurance into one requester level of assurance, 4) supporting four modes of working each suits a different application context and/or access control requirements, 5) a comprehensive access control architecture that supports the CRAAC four modes of working, and 6) an evaluation of the CRAAC performance at runtime.

Aplicações de captura e acesso exploram o paradigma de computação ubíqua --- que consiste em popular o ambiente com aplicações e dispositivos computacionais a fim de auxiliar transparentemente as pessoas na realização de suas atividades --- para dar apoio à captura automática de informação em experiências ``ao vivo' e à correspondente geração de documentos passíveis de armazenamento, recuperação, visualização e extensão ao longo do tempo. Devido à sua natureza distribuída, à heterogeneidade dos dispositivos computacionais envolvidos e à diversidade nas funcionalidades providas, essas aplicações são difíceis de se construir e requerem infra-estruturas e serviços de software que auxiliem o desenvolvedor nessa tarefa. Este trabalho investiga a construção e o uso de aplicações de captura e acesso por meio do desenvolvimento da xINCA, uma infra-estrutura estendida baseada em componentes de software reutilizáveis que englobam as funcionalidades recorrentes nessa classe de aplicações. A xINCA é uma extensão da infra-estrutura INCA --- uma infra-estrutura de baixo nível que provê abstrações de comunicação para aplicações de captura e acesso. Complementares, as infra-estruturas INCA e xINCA provêem um modelo simplificado para o desenvolvimento de aplicações de captura e acesso, considerando aspectos de projeto, implementação e reuso. Associada ao modelo de armazenamento do serviço StRES, a xINCA tem ainda papel na estruturação da informação capturada com o uso de XML e tecnologias correlatas. / Capture and access applications explore the ubiquitous computing paradigm --- that basically consists on populating the environment with computational devices and applications to transparently assist people on their activities --- to support the automatic capture of information on live experiences and generate corresponding documents that can be further stored, retrieved, visualized and extended. Due to their distributed nature, heterogeneity of involved devices and variety of provided functionalities, capture and access applications are hard to build and require software infrastructures and services that help the developer out on his task. This work investigates the building and use of capture and access applications through the development of xINCA, a component-based software infrastructure comprising the most common func-tio-na-li-ties present in such a class of applications. xINCA is an extension of INCA --- a low-level infrastructure that provides communication abstractions for capture and access applications. Complementary, INCA and xINCA provide a simplified model for the development of capture and access applications, concerning design, implementation and reuse aspects. Allied with the StRES storage model, xINCA also plays an important role on the structuring of captured information by using XML and corresponding technologies.

I takt med att samhället i stort digitaliseras i hisnande fart kommer även fler och fler lösningar på hur teknik kan hjälpa elever och lärare i den svenska skolan. Internet of Things är på uppgång och nya tekniker för ansiktsigenkänning och databehandling öppnar upp för olika automatiseringsmöjligheter. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka användarnas upplevelse av ansiktsigenkänning för närvarohantering i skolan. Lärarnas administrativa börda växer och mycket lektionstid går åt till just närvarotagning, därför hoppas man kunna effektivisera lektionerna och skolan i stort med hjälp av ny teknik. Denna kvalitativa undersökning som görs i samarbete med RISE Research Institutes of Sweden undersöker upplevelsen av ansiktsigenkänningsteknik för närvarotagning och hantering i skolan ur elevernas perspektiv. En klass i en gymnasieskola i Sverige provade under en vecka en prototyp för närvarotagning och fick sedan utvärdera denna i fokusgruppsintervjuer. Resultaten pekar på en positiv inställning till tekniken generellt och att den potentiellt kan ha positiv inverkan på studiemiljön och undervisning. Det visar sig att design och interaktion spelar en viktig roll kring synen på tekniken, och denna studie ämnar ge en helhetsbild av hur elever på ett tekniskt gymnasium upplever tekniken. Undersökningen visar på designutmaningar och öppnar upp för vidare studier i exakt hur ansiktsigenkänningsteknik kan och bör användas i skolmiljö ur ett användarperspektiv. Här ges en grundläggande bild av hur elever upplever ansiktsigenkänningsteknik i skolan och undersökningen bidrar till att stärka arbetet mot en digitaliserad skola. / As society as a whole is digitized in breathtaking speed, more and more solutions to how technology can help students and teachers in the Swedish school system emerge. The Internet of Things is on the rise and new techniques for facial recognition and data processing open up for various automation possibilities. The purpose of this report is to examine the users' experience of facial recognition for attendance management in school. The teachers' administrative burden is growing and a lot of time is devoted to attendance, so one hopes to make the classes, and the school as a whole, more efficient with the help of new technology. This qualitative study, conducted in collaboration with RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, examines the experience of facial recognition techniques for attendance and management in school from the pupils' perspective. One class in a high school in Sweden tested a prototype for attendance during one week and then evaluated it in focus group interviews. The results point to a positive attitude towards the technology in general and that it can potentially have a positive impact on the study environment and teaching. It turns out that design and interaction play an important role in the view of the technology, and this study aims to give an overall picture of how students in a Swedish high school experience the technology. The study shows design challenges and opens up for further studies in exactly how facial recognition technology can and should be used in a school environment from a user perspective. Here, a basic picture is given of how students experience facial recognition technology in school and the study helps to strengthen the work towards a digitized school.