Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11309.pdf: 7140218 bytes, checksum: 17ffc993ade041612736ec8898fd9475 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T13:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-01T13:14:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000866861.pdf: 4350939 bytes, checksum: 66e4b66b2461c077e283b7a4e21e7b8f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A borreliose aviária é uma doença septicêmica aguda, causada pela espiroqueta Borrelia anserina, atualmente apresenta baixa incidência, porém devido ao crescimento das criações orgânicas e rústicas, maior preocupação com o bem estar animal e a diminuição do uso de antibióticos em rações, existe a preocupação com o surgimento de surtos da doença, que poderão causar prejuízos econômicos. Desta maneira, torna-se de fundamental importância a busca por terapias alternativas, entre elas, a terapia fotodinâmica, como a associação da luz ultravioleta (UV) e riboflavina, com o objetivo de controlar a enfermidade. Este estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia do tratamento com luz UV e riboflavina para inativar ou eliminar a B. anserina no soro de galinhas poedeiras, por meio de exames diagnósticos e laboratoriais, e verificar a resposta imunológica do hospedeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em duas etapas, a etapa in vivo foi formada por 42 galinhas, divididas em sete grupos, composto por seis aves: Grupo 1 (saúde); Grupo 2 (doença) inoculadas com soro parasitado por B. anserina; Grupo 3 (imunossupressor) que receberam metilprednisolona; Grupo 4 ( luz UV) que receberam soro parasitado tratado com luz UV; Grupo 5 (riboflavina) que receberam soro parasitado tratado com riboflavina; Grupo 6 (grupo veículo) que receberam soro parasitado tratado com cloreto de sódio 0,9%; Grupo 7 (tratado) que receberam soro positivo para B. anserina tratado com luz ultravioleta associada à riboflavina. A etapa in vitro, foi realizada com placas de cultivo celular, divididas igualmente à etapa in vivo. Foi possível observar que o tratamento não apresentou resultado esperado na inativação ou completa eliminação do agente. No entanto, uma ave do grupo tratado sobreviveu e apresentou recuperação clínica e laboratorial, apresentando espiroquetemia no Momento 11 e qPCR positivo no momento... / Avian borreliosis is an acute septicemic disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia anserina, has a low incidence, however due to the growth of organic and rustic creations, greater concern for animal welfare and reducing the use of antibiotics in feed, there is concern about the emergence of disease outbreaks, which may cause economic losses. Thus, it becomes fundamental to search for alternative therapies, including, photodynamic therapy, such as the combination of ultraviolet (UV) light and riboflavin with the aim of controlling the disease. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of treatment with riboflavin and UV light to inactivate or eliminate B. anserina from serum laying hens by diagnostic and laboratory tests and to check to the host immune response. The experiment was conducted in two stages. The first one was the in vivo step composed of 42 chickens, divided into seven groups of six birds: Group 1 (health); Group 2 (disease) inoculated with the serum parasitized by Borrelia anserina; Group 3 (immunosuppressant) receiving methylprednisolone; Group 4 (UV light) which received parasitized saline treated with UV light; Group 5 (riboflavin) which received parasitized serum treated with riboflavin; Group 6 (solvent group) parasitized receiving saline treated with 0.9% sodium chloride; Group 7 (treated) which received positive serum for B. anserina treated with ultraviolet light associated with riboflavin. The secund one was the in vitro stage performed with cell culture plates, equally divided in vivo step. It was observed that the treatment did not show expected results in the inactivation or complete elimination of the agent. However, one bird from the treated group survived and showed clinical and laboratory recovery, presenting spirochetemia at the time 11 and qPCR positive at the time... / FAPESP: 2014/03353-4

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A cloração é largamente utilizada para a desinfecção de águas de abastecimento e residuárias, porém o potencial de toxicidade da cloração por seus subprodutos torna o processo menos atrativo. O dióxido de cloro surge como alternativa de desinfecção, porém a sua geração envolve reações bastante dependentes das concentrações de reagentes, das condições físico-químicas, podendo gerar também subprodutos prejudiciais à saúde humana. Outras tecnologias alternativas, como o ozônio e a radiação ultravioleta apareceram como processos tecnicamente viáveis. Neste trabalho buscou-se realizar revisão crítica da literatura existente sobre a desinfecção realizada com radiação ultravioleta e ozônio, bem como investigar e interpretar os aspectos relevantes do desempenho da desinfecção de efluentes de esgoto sanitário com ozônio e com radiação ultravioleta na inativação de coliformes totais e coliformes fecais. Na parte experimental avaliou-se as doses de 80, 95 e 120 mg/L e tempos de contato de 20, 30 e 35 minutos para a desinfecção com ozônio. Na desinfecção com radiação ultravioleta, utilizou-se de tempos de exposição de 10, 30, e 60 segundos, mantendo-se a mesma intensidade média de radiação e variando-se a espessura de lâmina líquida. Nos aspectos observados no decorrer desta pesquisa, verificou-se que para as condições analisadas, a desinfecção com radiação ultravioleta mostrou-se como técnica mais simples e eficaz para a inativação de coliformes fecais e coliformes totais quando comparada à ozonização, apresentando assim vários aspectos favoráveis no que concerne ao modo de operação, a influência da qualidade do efluente bruto, ao controle do processo, entre outros. / The Chlorinate is widely used for the disinfection of waste and drinking water, however the toxicity potential by the by-products of chlorinate renders the process less attractive. The chlorine dioxide comes up as a disinfection alternative, but its production involves highly reagent concentration and physical-chemical condition dependant reactions, also being able to create human health hazardous by-products. Other alternative technologies, like ozone and ultraviolet radiation have risen as technically viable processes. It this work, is has been attempted to review critically the existing literature about the effluent disinfection of sanitary waste, using a comparative approach between the disinfection in which ozone and ultraviolet radiation were used, as well as to investigate and interpret the relevant aspects of sanitary waste effluents disinfection with ozone and ultraviolet radiation on the inactivation of otal and fecal coliforms. In the experimental part doses of 80, 95 and 120 mg/L and contact times of 20, 30 and 35 minutes have been evaluated for the ozone disinfection process. For the ultraviolet method, exposure times of 10, 30 and 60 seconds have been used, keeping the same mean intensity of radiation and varying water layer thickness. With regard to the observed of thios research, is has been verified that, for the analyzed conditions, the ultraviolet disinfection has showed the simplest and most effective method of the inactiviation of fecal andtotal coliforms when compared the ozone method, thus showing several favorable aspects concerning the operation mode, the wal effuent quality influence, the process control, among others.

Irradiamos amostras de DNA com luz UVA em diferentes condições para estudar os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na indução de lesões de DNA por essa radiação. As lesões de DNA formadas após as irradiações foram quantificadas com enzimas de reparo de DNA que reconhecem e clivam os sítios contendo bases oxidadas e dímeros de pirimidina (CPDs). Complementando essas análises, foram realizados ensaios com anticorpos e HPLC-ED. NaCl e uma maior concentração de DNA são capazes de diminuir a indução de CPDs. Danos gerados por estresse oxidativo são inibidos na presença de azida de sódio e quelantes de metais, indicando o envolvimento de oxigênio singlete e reações de Fenton, na geração dessas lesões. Água deuterada e DNA mais concentrado aumentaram a indução de bases oxidadas. Quanto maior a quantidade de DNA irradiado, mais oxigênio singlete é formado, o que indica um possível mecanismo de fotossensibilização endógeno. / DNA samples were irradiated with UVA light in different conditions for studying the possible mechanisms involved in the induction of DNA lesions by this radiation. DNA lesions formed after irradiation were quantified with DNA repair enzymes, which recognize and cleave the sites containing oxidized bases and pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Complementing these analyses, tests were performed with antibodies and HPLC-ED. NaCl and more concentrated DNA are capable of reducing the induction of CPDs. Damage caused by oxidative stress is inhibited in the presence of sodium azide and metal chelators, indicating the involvement of singlet oxygen and Fenton reactions, in the generation of these lesions. Deuterated water and more concentrated DNA increased the induction of oxidized bases. The bigger the amount of irradiated DNA, the more singlet oxygen is formed, which indicates a possible endogenous photosensitization mechanism.

<p>Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause cellular damage in cyanobacteria. In response to UVR exposure, some cyanobacteria produce scytonemin, an indole-alkaloid sunscreen capable of absorbing long-wavelength UVA radiation. Previous genomic and transcriptomic analyses have determined that the production of scytonemin is controlled by a two-component regulatory system (TCRS), encoded by Npun_F1277 and Npun_F1278 in the cyanobacterium <i>Nostoc punctiforme </i>ATCC 29133. This TCRS is thought to not only regulate scytonemin biosynthesis, but also other responses to light and UVR stimuli. To better understand the functionality of the sensor kinase (SK) Npun_F1277 and to determine if it could activate alternative UVR protection pathways, the SK was expressed in <i>Escherichia coli.</i> The first objective of this study was to observe and quantify the level of fitness conferred to <i>E. coli</i> expressing Npun_F1277 from <i>N. punctiforme </i>(strain SKE) when exposed to white light, UVA, and UVB stress. Results from these experiments do not indicate that expression of the <i>N. punctiforme</i> SK conferred an advantage to <i>E. coli</i> under white light, UVA, or UVB stress based on growth alone. Therefore, the second objective was to study the expression of regulatory genes, such as response regulators, in <i>E. coli</i> that are homologs to those associated with the SK Npun_F1277 in <i>N. punctiforme </i>using quantitative-PCR. Expression of the selected genes was measured following exposure to white light and UVA after 30 and 60 minutes as well as UVB after 15 and 30 minutes. Comparison of SKE to empty-vector (EV) control cells exposed to the same stress showed that there were significant changes in the expression of important regulatory genes (e.g. <i>recA, spoT, relA</i>) in the SKE strain. Moreover, when comparing SKE cells exposed to the same conditions above to unstressed SKE cells, a similar result was seen for SKE cells exposed to UVA and UVB as was found in the studies comparing SKE to EV cells. These results suggest that the SK Npun_F1277 may play a role in multiple defense mechanisms of <i>N. punctiforme</i> in addition to initiation of the scytonemin biosynthesis pathway. </p>

Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) are an endangered species prone to a debilitating disease called fibropapillomatosis (FP). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of UV light on vitamin D levels and immune function in juvenile green sea turtles with FP. Phagocytosis, plasma vitamin D levels and viral load of ChHV5 were measured for FP- and FP+ turtles kept at the Gumbo Limbo Nature Center (GLNC) and for turtles caught at the St. Lucie power plant. Turtles kept at GLNC were housed in tanks exposed to varying amounts of UV light. Turtles brought into GLNC had lower phagocytosis compared to turtles at the St. Lucie power plant. Individuals exposed to greater UV light had higher plasma vitamin D levels and a more successful recovery. The results of this project will provide rehabilitation facilities with a mechanism to improve the recovery of animals with this disease. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection