Orientador: Norma Regina Truppel Constantino / Resumo: A pesquisa parte da análise da rua, um espaço comum a todos, que está enraizado em nossa mente ao pensarmos na cidade. A paisagem formadora de uma rua pode atrair ou não usuários para esse espaço. No início da formação das cidades, a rua era o local onde tudo acontecia: comércios, trocas, circulações, conversas importantes ou rotineiras. Com a evolução e o desenvolvimento das tecnologias, a forma urbana foi se adaptando e se modificando, assim como o cotidiano das pessoas. A popularização do automóvel foi um grande marco para essa transformação. Além disso, as tecnologias aumentaram a atratividade de estar em locais privados e muitas ruas deixaram de ser o palco de atividades e o espaço de permanência das pessoas. Esses fatores modificaram a paisagem urbana. O objetivo aqui é compreender os elementos atrativos nesse tipo de espaço a partir do estudo de sua paisagem contemporânea. Para isso, a metodologia propõe, além do aprofundamento teórico, o estudo de caso da Avenida Nações Unidas em Bauru, utilizando análises físicas e perceptivas, para entender e definir sua atratividade. Através do embasamento teórico, é possível gerar base para futuros projetos que se preocupem mais em construir paisagens urbanas atrativas, estabelecendo diretrizes para esse fim. Definindo uma boa paisagem para as ruas, é possível, portanto, contribuir para a qualidade de vida nas cidades. / Abstract: The research starts from street analysis, a common space for all, which is rooted in our minds when thinking in cities. The former landscape of a street may or may not attract users for this space. Early in the formation of the cities the street was the place where everything happened; business, exchanges, circulations, important or casual talks. With the evolution and development of technologies, the urban form has been adapting e changing, just like the daily life of people. The car popularization was a great frame for this transformation. Besides, the technologies increased attractiveness of being in private places and many streets are no longer the stage of activities and the living space of people. These factors have changed the urban landscape. The objective here is to comprehend the attractive elements in this type of spaces from the study of this contemporary landscape. For this the methodology proposes, besides the theoretical deepening, the case study of avenue Nações Unidas in Bauru, using physical and perspectives analysis, to understand and define its attractiveness. Through theoretical background is possible to generate basis to future projects who are more concerned with building attractive landscapes, establishing guidelines for this purpose. Defining a good landscape for streets is possible, therefore, to contribute to the quality of life in the cities. / Mestre

My starting point was to gain an understanding of how humanitarian aid was organized in Tacloban City after the disaster of typhoon Haiyan. Two specific sectors has been studied; Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) and Emergency Shelter. As basic parameters the Sphere Handbook (The Sphere Project) served as a guideline, a set of minimum standards of humanitarian response compiled by different humanitarian agencies with the aim to improve the quality of humanitarian assistance. Large parts of the city's urban land area is currently located in a geographic location that poses a significant risk in terms of vulnerability to floods, landslides and storm winds. A summary of risk analysis indicates that a specific area of land south-west of today's city center are more suited as a development site in terms of reduced vulnerability. The strategies of resistance against the forces of nature for the city of Tacloban are divided into four different scales from macro to micro; City, Barangay (the smallest administrative division within the Philippine municipality system), Sitio (territorial enclave inside a barangay) and the private home. / Min utgångspunkt har varit att få en uppfattning kring hur det humanitära biståndet anordnades i staden Tacloban efter naturkatastrofen Haiyan. Två specifika sektorer har undersökts; ”Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)” och ”Emergency Shelter”. Som riktlinje och grundläggande parameter har jag använt ”The Sphere Handbook” (The Sphere Project), en uppsättning grundläggande standarder som sammanställts av olika humanitära organisationer med målet att förbättra kvaliteten på det humanitära biståndet.Stora delar av Taclobans urbana landområde befinner sig inom ett geografiskt område som utgör en betydande risk vad gäller sårbarhet för översvämningar, jordskred och stormvindar. En sammanställning av riskanalyser visar att ett specifikt landområde sydväst om dagens centrum är mer lämpat som en framtida plats för stadsutveckling. I mitt arbete har jag utvecklat strategier för att staden skall kunna motstå naturens krafter inför ett liknande framtida scenario. Tacloban har delats in i fyra olika skalor från makro till mikro;Staden, Barangay-området (den minsta administrativa divisionen inom det filippinskakommun- systemet), Sitio (territoriell enklav inom ett barangay-område) och det enskilda hemmet.

La connaissance détaillée et le suivi de la végétation urbaine représentent un enjeu important, tant pour les scientifiques qui étudient les relations paysage-écosystème, que pour les gestionnaires qui sont chargés de l'entretien et de la gestion de la végétation. Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer l'intérêt des images à THRS pour cartographier la végétation en ville. Plus précisément, elle vise à évaluer le potentiel des images THRS sur trois composantes : la résolution spatiale, la résolution spectrale et l'altimétrie. Pour cela, nous avons traité plusieurs types de données optiques THRS acquises sur la Ville de Rennes et le Site des Prairies Saint-Martin : des images 2D multispectrales et superspectrales, des images multispectrales 2,5D et des données 3D acquises par un LiDAR bi-spectral. Dans un premier temps, nous avons évalué l'intérêt d'utiliser des images THRS 2D multispectrales pour identifier et caractériser la végétation et des images THRS super spectrales afin d'identifier les espèces végétales. Dans un second temps, nous avons évalué l'apport de données multispectrales THRS 2,5D et 3D pour cartographier les formes de végétation en milieu urbain en utilisant des variables spectrales, contextuelles et de hauteur. Dans un troisième temps, avons cherché à évaluer l'impact, de l'intégration des informations sur la végétation dérivées de données de télédétection THRS dans deux modèles environnementaux, un permettant d'étudier la relation paysage-biodiversité, l'autre la relation paysage- îlot de chaleur urbain / Abstract: Detailed knowledge and monitoring of urban vegetation is an important issue, both for scientists studying landscape-ecosystems relationships, and for the managers who are in charge of the vegetation management. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the interest of THRS images to map urban vegetation. More specifically, it aims to evaluate the potential of THRS images on three components: spatial resolution, spectral resolution and altimetry. For this purpose, we processed several types of THRS optical data acquired on the City of Rennes and the Prairies Saint-Martin Site: multispectral and superspectral 2D images, 2.5D multispectral images and 3D data acquired with a bi-spectral LiDAR. Firstly, we assessed the interest of using 2D multispectral THRS images to identify and characterize vegetation and superspectral THRS images to discriminate plant species. Secondly, we assessed the contribution of THRS 2.5D and 3D multispectral data to map vegetation patterns in urban areas using spectral, contextual and height variables. Thirdly, we sought to evaluate the impact, of the integration of vegetation information derived from THRS remote sensing data into two environmental models, one to study the landscape-biodiversity relationship, the other to analyze the landscape- urban cool island relationship.

This research investigated the water use of different plant types in urban landscapes, nitrogen (N) and water transport in turf, and potential N leaching from urban landscapes to ground water. In the first study, three landscape treatments integrating different types of plants—woody, herbaceous perennial, turf—and putative water use classifications—Mesic, Mixed, Xeric—were grown in large drainage lysimeters. Each landscape plot was divided into woody, turf, and herbaceous perennial plant hydrozones and irrigated for optimum water status over two years, with water use measured using a water balance approach. For woody plants and herbaceous perennials, canopy cover, rather than plant type or water use classification, was the key determinant of water use relative to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) under well-watered conditions. For turf, monthly evapotranspiration (ETa) followed a trend linearly related to ETo. In the second study, water transport parameters were calibrated using an inverse simulation with Kentucky bluegrass (KBG). Subsequently, those parameters were applied to simulate water use by tall fescue (TF) and buffalograss (BG) turfgrasses using numerical modeling (Hydrus-1D). By using the calibrated soil hydraulic parameters obtained from the water transport simulation, N transport and transformation was modeled with Hydrus- 1D under different irrigation rates and different fertilization rates. Different soil texture scenarios were also simulated to demonstrate the influence of soil texture on N leaching. In the third study, the simulated N-leaching from different soil textures was integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach to estimate NO3-N leaching mass from urban turf areas. Nitrate-N leaching risks to ground water under overirrigation and overfertilization scenarios and efficient irrigation and fertilization scenarios were estimated. The results showed improvement of turf irrigation and fertilization management may decrease N-leaching significantly and greatly decrease the risk of ground water being contaminated by NO3-N leaching in the Salt Lake Valley.

[pt] Esta dissertação analisa, a partir da trilogia cinematográfica de Batman (2005-2012), o modo como os procedimentos expressivos elaborados nas imagens constroem (ou não) a possibilidade de emancipação do espaço urbano. Inseridos no contexto pós 11 de setembro, os três filmes dialogam com o lastro iconológico da Guerra ao Terror: figuras sem-rosto, duplos, múltiplos, anônimos, imagens especulares; e ao centro das disputas, a metrópole de Gotham. O custo necessário , entretanto, para a salvação de Gotham por Batman parece ser o monopólio tanto da cidade quanto da imagem da cidade: um monopólio que serve de blindagem contra os efeitos caleidoscópicos do terror. A paisagem urbana (amálgama entre a urbe e sua imagem) se torna portanto meio privilegiado de análise. E eis a centralidade do segundo filme da trilogia na discussão que se propõe: o ataque iconoclasta do Coringa, por meio do jogo e do riso, profana o monopólio (da verdade , do bem , da ordem e da imagem) instituído pelo homem morcego. Com a invasão de uma imagem outra por entre as visibilidades do filme, rompe-se o unívoco e com ele o monopólio sobre a cidade e suas representações. / [en] This research examines, from the Batman cinematographic trilogy (2005- 2012), the way in which expressive procedures elaborated in the images can build (or not) the possibility of the urban space s emancipation. Inserted in the post 9/11 context, the three movies dialogue with the iconological traces of the War on Terror: faceless figures, doubles, multiples, anonymous, specular images; and at the centre of the dispute, Gotham metropolis. The necessary cost, however, for the salvation of Gotham by Batman seems to be the monopoly of the city as well as of the city s image: a monopoly that serves as a shield against the kaleidoscopic effects of terror. The urban landscape (an amalgam between the city and its image) thus becomes a privileged medium of analysis. And hence the centrality of the Trilogy s second movie in the proposed discussion: the iconoclast attack of the Joker, through play and laughter, desecrates the monopoly (of truth , good , order , and image) instituted by Batman. With the invasion of a different image between the movie’s visibilities, the univocal disrupts itself, and with it the monopoly over Gotham and its representation.

No description available.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture