Tourism has been supported as a development strategy by central governments for the settlements mainly located in the western and southern coasts of Turkey since 1970s. The replacement of agricultural production with tourism was not only resulted in the transformation of social and economic relations but also spatial developments in these places. This thesis is an attempt to investigate socio-economic and socio-spatial consequences of tourism policies and the positions of local people in this process in the case of izmir-Ala&ccedil / ati. Qualitative data gathering methods (in-depth interviews, participant observations etc.) are used in this study in order to obtain necessary information about the research area. The findings of the study indicated that local people, new comers and migrant workers whose positions are determined according to their ownership of different forms of capital in social space which determine their success or failure in the tourism field have been influenced in different ways from this process. For instance, most of local people are the losers of this process as a result of lack necessary forms of capital in tourism field and mismatch between their historically constituted systems of dispositions (habitus) and tourism field. In the conclusion part, it is emphasized that there is the need for a comprehensive approach to tourism issue and the impacts of different policy implementations to the coastal areas should be taken into consideration by decision-makers in order to achieve more egalitarian development strategies for local communities.

A conservation approach developed without considering the conflicts and inequalities of political, economic and social fields can not achieve that purpose of conservation of historical and cultural values as well as engendering conflicts within relations of property relations-conservation field, social justice-conservation field and tensions between relations of property owners in areas planned to be conserved &ndash / and- state. Justified as a preference of transferring from private to public ownership of the areas those should be conserved and as a tool for solution of problems arising from restrictions on property rights of property owners, the &lsquo / barter&rsquo / system, on the one hand is becoming dysfunctional because of the contradictions between legal regulations and implementation practices, is used as a tool for production rents in reaction to the vulnerability to economic and political speculative pressures / on the other hand as being a sensitive system to inequalities in society, it deepens the disadvantageous state of property owners and produces tensions between conservation field-property owners-and-state / accordingly the justified purpose can not be realized. These findings constituting the focus of the study, verifies the necessity to reproduce the policies at &lsquo / barter&rsquo / system, justified as a conservation tool and a tool to solve the inequality problems produced while performing the conservation aim, and policies of conservation field as well.

This thesis problematizes to relationship between gender based poverty and exclusion and urban space. Five forms of oppression, namely exploitation, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, violence, marginalization, faced by women in highly patriarchal urban setting are examined to identify the spatial dynamics of each forms of oppression. A field research was carried out in one of the poor neighborhood of Ankara / nearby Siteler where male dominated furniture production is carried out. Through the in-depth interviews, women&rsquo / s perception and experience of spatializedoppression is documented and used to develop the arguments put forward in the theoretical section.

In 2000 more than one fifth of Istanbul&rsquo / s population lived in a different place than their place of residence five years ago. If we consider that the 2000 population of Istanbul was around some 9.2 million, this figure means that nearly 2 million people were not living in 2000 where they used to live in 1995. Of these two million mobiles, more than half (11.5% of total) were intra-urban movers who moved from one district to another in Istanbul in the same period. Changing the place of residence can be seen as one of the major sources of changing in the socio-spatial composition of a city. In the case of Istanbul, intra-urban mobility or Residential Mobility is the major process that redistributes people in the city since the 1990s. In simplistic words, Residential Mobility is one of the fundamental decision making process which in turn is influenced by macro processes of economic, social and demographic changes in urban setting of a city which are also the determinants of urbanization, and the urban setting of a city is an outcome of mobility decisions of households at the aggregate level. In this regard, this study on residential mobility behaviours of households in Istanbul presents an avenue to further our understanding of the urbanization experience of Istanbul. In the broader context, this study focusses on the period between 1980 and 2000. It is well-known that the post-1980 period shows quite different urbanization setting from the former ones in terms of demographic, economic, political and socio-spatial settings in the world, as well as in Turkey. Within this backdrop, changing characteristics of population as that of economic structure provides unique backdrop to explore how residential mobility changes in metropolitan areas. Moreover, this study is an attempt to reach clear understanding of residential mobility which is one of the poorly understood and studied dynamics of Turkish urbanization.

This study, preconceives space as a social phenomenon, and emphasizes the fact that the urban space cannot be separated from its inhabitants. Accordingly, it suggests that the investigation of both the city and its inhabitants is crucial with respect to everyday life and practice. Hence, the study questions how inhabitants create their spaces following their needs and demands, and how the urban space is re-defined and re-produced through appropriation. Moreover, the study aims to understand how the inhabitants express themselves and how they resist through the spaces they produce in their daily practices. With this aim, the thesis investigates a spatial activity performed by young people in Ankara, the case of &lsquo / Minibar&rsquo / , for understanding the process explained as &lsquo / re-definition&rsquo / of urban space. The research reveals that these spaces become possible through their spatial characteristics. These spaces transgress the established space, yet they are sustained due to their ephemerality, impermanency and flexibility. Furthermore these spaces are discovered to be a medium of expression for the inhabitants. In conclusion, this study asserts an approach towards the city and explains that through looking to the &lsquo / lived spaces&rsquo / rather than rhetorics, calculations and presumptions, we can obtain a clear and actual picture about the city and the inhabitants.

Long after women have successfully entered many other occupational fields once considered to be 'men's work' they have remained a small minority in after-death work in the funeral industry in Aotearoa New Zealand. Women and their contributions to the funeral industry have been excluded, marginalised and devalued. In the last decade, however, there has been a marked increase in the numbers of women funeral directors and embalmers. In the same decade, the occupational specialism of funeral celebrant, comprising a large majority of women, has been established to fulfil a growing demand for non-religious funeral ceremonies. This thesis examines the means by which men have excluded and marginalised women from the funeral industry in Aotearoa New Zealand. More importantly, it examines the ways women are successfully overcoming exclusion and marginalisation by men. To this end I analyse research material from a range of sources. These include: unstructured interviews with funeral directors, embalmers, celebrants, clerical workers and members of clergy; my observations from previous funeral industry research and fifteen years' experience as organist in the industry; plus data from the association magazines of the Funeral Directors Association of New Zealand. To develop a theoretical framework with which to explain how women are surmounting exclusion and marginalisation, I draw on two strands of literature that highlight different aspects of women's involvement in paid work. The first strand includes theories of gendered occupational control, focusing on both practice-based and discursive-based strategies of gendered closure. This strand reveals women's exclusion from, and their strategies for entering, the funeral industry. The second strand of literature focuses on theories of gendered organisational structures, culture and power, uncovering women's marginalisation within the funeral industry. There are five analytical chapters. The first two are largely historical, examining the masculinisation and commercialisation of after-death work, and the ways women and their contribution to after-death work have been devalued and made invisible. The third and fourth analytical chapters investigate men's and women's closure strategies in after-death work. The fifth is a discussion of the ways women promote and position their contribution to after-death work by claiming that, as women, they bring different values from men to after-death work. In this, they adopt discourses of new professionalism; resistant discourses invert the masculinist discourses of the old model of professionalism, valorising long denigrated 'feminine' attributes. I argue that the hierarchical gendered boundaries in the funeral industry stem from the early development of funeral firms in Aotearoa New Zealand as family firms, plus their failed attempts, throughout the twentieth century, to achieve professional status. In this, they reflect the patriarchal power of the masculinist projects of modernity, the society in which funeral director leaders established their professional project. Further, I argue that the failure of their professional project has, paradoxically, facilitated the men's continuing discrimination of women by leaving access to education in the industry's control. I also argue that the recent rise of women in the funeral industry reflects the growing feminisation of the public sphere, with a subsequent increase in women funeral industry clients, who bring different expectations and needs from those of men clients. Women after-death workers claim to facilitate the needs of women and men clients: they are able to do the work equally as well as men, while also drawing on skills they have learned from their experiences as women.

The adoption of modernisation as the national development strategy has put Indonesian cities at the centre of development for boosting economic advancement. Occasionally, as those cities grow through processes of densification and agglomeration, some of the indigenous settlement (kampung) areas are put at risk of disappearing under corporate sector investments. However to some extent there is an indication that the kampung dwellers, the corporate-sector developers and those who are involved in the wider activities of the corporate sector, have an economic and social symbiotic relationship. The aim of this research is to identify the processes of change in a low-income inner city neighbourhood’s community system, in an area that is being encroached upon by modern business activities and other aspect of modernity, to explore shifts between conventionally understood roles of the kampungs, and to speculate on present theory in throwing light on processes of change which might be able to lead to new paths for urban development. The research approach is to work through the relevant literature, and then to move on to a case study approach in an Indonesian city, through which it will be possible to reflect back on the efficacy of prevailing theory. Surabaya was chosen as a representative city and kampung Kaliasin as the observed area.

La thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à l’étude de l’urbanisation d‘une ville face à un essor industriel accompagné d’une explosion démographique, qui a posé la question cruciale de l'habitat ouvrier. Elle porte sur Berlin comme terrain d’observation de ce processus sur la période de 1840 à 1914. La genèse de son urbanisme mettait en évidence un type d’habitat ouvrier propre à la ville: la Mietskaserne. La thèse retrace les débats sociaux-politiques, qui ont porté la Mietskaserne au cœur de la question sociale. Durant des décennies, la Mietskaserne s’est imposée dans le paysage urbain berlinois, alors qu’en tant que structure sociale elle ne répondait pas aux attentes d’une grande ville moderne. Le principe de tout aménagement urbanistique est d’avoir pour finalité la création d’habitats adaptés et un plan d’ensemble peut seul garantir cet objectif. Dans le processus carentiel de l’urbanisation de Berlin apparaissait l’interaction de la spéculation, qui infléchissait les décisions de l’administration de la ville.La réaction à la Mietskaserne ouvrait un espace de pensées sur les nouveaux moyens d’urbaniser une ville et sur les possibilités de créer un nouvel habitat ouvrier. Elles s’inspiraient souvent des idées des mouvements de la Lebensreform et de la Gartenstadt, qui marquaient la nouvelle identité urbaine de la ville moderne. Mais, auparavant Berlin devait accepter sa diversité culturelle, ce qui l’obligeait à reconnaître de nouvelles productions culturelles. Cette thèse entendait partager ainsi la réflexion sur les capacités de concevoir la structure urbanistique et sociale d’une ville, en l’occurrence Berlin, pour construire à partir d’identités collectives multiples une ville unique. / The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the study of urbanisation which was confronted with industrial expansion and accompanied by a population explosion, raising a question of housing for workers. This study uses Berlin as an experimental locale for this process during the period of 1840 to 1914. The genesis of Berlin’s urbanisation brought to the fore a type of housing for the workers specific to the city : the Mietskaserne. This thesis relates the social and political debate which has placed the Mietskaserne at the heart of the social question and the rights to land use have to be changed. For decades, the rental house has dominated the urban landscape of Berlin, though it does not correspond to the expectation for a large and modern city as a social structure. The goal of urban planning is to create suitable dwellings, and only a comprehensive plan can achieve this purpose. Property speculation has caused deformation of the process of urbanisation in Berlin and affected administration of the city.General reaction to the Mietskaserne resulted in new ways of thinking about urbanisation of a city and the possibilities for creating new dwellings for the workers. These were inspired by ideas from the movements for the Lebensreform (new ways of living) and the Garden City, which characterised the new urban identity of the modern city. Berlin’s growth had to take into account cultural diversity, which obliged it to recognize new cultural contributions. The motivation for this thesis is to support the existing view and explore other ways to conceptualise urban and social structure of a city (in particular, Berlin), in order to built this unique city on collectiv identities.

Submitted by MARIANA FRANZOLIN VALERA (mariana_valera@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-18T07:52:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MARIANA F. VALERA.pdf: 15710384 bytes, checksum: 73f36f33ee2226b0e3d4f6cc5f913247 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-01-18T13:14:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 valera_mf_me_mar.pdf: 15710384 bytes, checksum: 73f36f33ee2226b0e3d4f6cc5f913247 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T13:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 valera_mf_me_mar.pdf: 15710384 bytes, checksum: 73f36f33ee2226b0e3d4f6cc5f913247 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação analisou o processo de implantação do Conjunto Habitacional São Bento, na periferia da Zona Sul da cidade de Marília-SP. Para realizar este estudo, foi necessário compreender o processo de ocupação do solo urbano desde a fundação da cidade, suas características mais importantes, bem como entender o processo de periferização da cidade, sobretudo, a expansão da Zona Sul, desde meados dos anos 1980. A análise percorreu o debate da área de sociologia urbana no que diz respeito aos efeitos perversos das políticas habitacionais no Brasil que, ao produzirem o espaço urbano, também constituem espaços de segregação, tão bem definidos pela ideia de enclave fortificado de Caldeira (2000). Além disso, a pesquisa demonstrou que as políticas habitacionais na cidade de Marília reforçam o processo de segregação urbana da cidade e são fortemente baseadas no populismo político e no privilégio dado aos interesses dos empresários da construção civil, ignorando, assim, as necessidades por habitação da população da cidade. / The present dissertation have analyzed the implementation process of São Bento Housing Set, in the outskirts of the South Zone of Marilia city, in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. To carry out this study, it was necessary to understand the process of urban land occupation since the foundation of the city, it's most important characteristics, as well as to understand the process of peripherization of the city, especially the expansion of the South Zone, since the mid 80s. The analysis covered the urban sociology debate with regard to the perverse effects of housing policies in Brazil, which as the cities grows, the segregations spaces grow as well, perfectly defined by the idea of a fortified enclave of Caldeira (2000). In addition, research has shown that housing policies in Marilia city reinforce the urban segregation process of the city and are strongly based on political populism and privileges that the construction business owners have, thus ignoring the housing needs of the city's population.

[pt] A presente tese está inserida no campo dos estudos da cidade, que dialoga, necessariamente, com temas fronteiriços das ciências sociais, história, antropologia e sociologia urbana, da geografia cultural e do urbanismo. Sua perspectiva é a da longa duração, em chave macroestrutural, e busca aproximações entre a produção acadêmica e as políticas públicas urbanas. O tema aqui pesquisado é a Avenida Brasil, no Rio de Janeiro, as disputas envolvendo seu processo de construção ainda na primeira metade do século XX, o sentido da expansão da cidade para o subúrbio, a aposta no fluxo citadino via transporte rodoviário, a execução de políticas públicas para a produção de moradias das camadas populares em seu entorno, sua ocupação territorial e caracterização como símbolo de uma cidade injusta em que impera a desigualdade social. Analisar a Avenida Brasil é também olhar para o subúrbio, objeto periférico dos estudos sobre a cidade. A ocupação desta faixa da cidade por indústrias e moradias populares, logo resultaram em expansão das favelas na cidade, assim como a necessidade pela luta e publicização da demanda de seus moradores por melhores condições de vida. / [en] The present thesis is inserted in the field of cities studies, which necessarily dialogues with frontier themes of social sciences, history, anthropology and urban sociology, cultural geography and urbanism. Its perspective is the long duration, in a macro-structural framework, and seeks to approximate academic production and urban public policies. The theme studied here is the Avenida Brasil, in Rio de Janeiro, the disputes involving its construction process in the first half of the twentieth century, the sense of expansion of the city to the suburb, the believes on the city flow through road transport, execution of public policies for the production of social housing for the popular strata in their surroundings, their territorial occupation and characterization as a symbol of an unjust city in which social inequality reigns. Analyzing the Avenida Brasil is also looking at the suburb, a peripheral object of cities studies. The occupation of this strip of the city by industries and popular housing soon resulted in the expansion of favelas in the city, as well as the need to fight and publicize the demand of its residents for better living conditions.