Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2017-11-16T14:28:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MERCIA.pdf: 2742957 bytes, checksum: d56e5066063b21d38540da43387d2249 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T14:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MERCIA.pdf: 2742957 bytes, checksum: d56e5066063b21d38540da43387d2249 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-09 / O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa em antropologia urbana e traz um debate sobre a participação da mulher dentro do hip hop de Campina GrandePB. O objetivo do trabalho é entender como a mulher aparece no movimento hip hop da cidade, partindo de um recorte de gênero. Tendo a etnografia como principal método da pesquisa, foi feito uma análise de como as mulheres estão inseridas e como é sua aceitação por parte dos homens do movimento da cidade. A análise cronológica desde o surgimento do hip hop a nível global até sua chegada à cidade de Campina Grande foi de grande relevância para compreender a dinâmica do hip hop e de como a mulher está inserida. Dentro das possibilidades da pesquisa, buscou-se fazer o mapeamento dos lugares que as jovens mulheres do movimento hip hop frequentam, bem como a articulação que elas estabelecem. Por ser um movimento que teve suas origens na rua, não se deve descartar que a rua era e, de certa forma, ainda continua sendo um espaço para o protagonismo masculino. Sendo um movimento constituído por 4 elementos, a mulher aparece em apenas dois desses elementos, o break e o grafite. Essa participação deve ser vista dentro das relações que envolvem outras categorias sociais, tais como classe, raça, grau de escolaridade. Paradoxalmente, não deixa de ser revelador, que um movimento que denuncia e luta contra vários tipos de exclusão social, acaba por produzir, ele mesmo, formas de exclusão social, que atinge o gênero feminino de maneira marcante. / This work is the result of research in Urban Anthropology and brings a debate on the participation of women in hip hop Campina Grande-PB. The objective of this work is to understand how the woman appears in the hip hop movement in the city, starting from a gender perspective. Having ethnography as the main method of research was done an analysis of how women are inserted and how their acceptance by men of the city movement. The chronological analysis from the emergence of hip hop globally until his arrival in the city of Campina Grande was of great importance to understand the dynamics of hip hop and how the woman is inserted. Within the scope of the research, we sought to do the mapping of the places that the young women of the hip hop movement attend, and the link they establish. To be a movement that had its origins in the street, one should not rule out that the street was and, in a way, remains a space for the male role. Being a movement composed of four elements, the woman appears in only two of these elements, the break and graffiti. This participation should be seen within relationships involving other social categories such as class, race, level of education. Paradoxically, it is still revealing a motion denouncing and combating various types of social exclusion, it produces himself, forms of social exclusion, which affects the women markedly.

Orientador: Gilda Figueiredo Portugal Gouvea / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T02:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saraiva_MarinaRebecadeOliveira_M.pdf: 5190822 bytes, checksum: 60a315315423c6bc89e63315cdaf4ad2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A dissertação trata do fenômeno da segregação urbana nas metrópoles brasileiras tendo como referência o cotidiano de um grupo de crianças, com idade de 07 a 11 anos, moradoras de um condomínio fechado de luxo localizado na cidade de Campinas-SP. O texto procura apresentar as especificidades de uma infância entre muros, explorando a riqueza e a singularidade de suas formas de apropriação do condomínio e suas inserções pela cidade. Assim, explora, por um lado, a relação das crianças com os espaços do condomínio e como se desenrolam seus laços de sociabilidade, principalmente nos momentos de lazer. A pesquisa mostra como as crianças reescrevem os espaços do condomínio percebendo outra existência que não aquela constituída pelo percurso planejado, pela segurança diária, pelo tempo programado, enfim, por suas práticas cotidianas normatizadoras. Por outro lado, o texto descreve os principais deslocamentos das crianças para a cidade além muros e analisa a percepção da cidade para esse grupo de crianças. Mostra como seus deslocamentos pelo espaço urbano e as outras maneiras como as imagens da cidade chegam até esses agentes, são elementos significativos para suas percepções sobre o espaço urbano. Dessa maneira, a pesquisa procura refletir sobre uma experiência urbana singular, a partir dos diversos modos de enfrentar a cidade. Em suma, a dissertação apresenta uma infância na cidade e mostra em que medida uma apropriação da infância enquanto objeto sociológico pode contribuir para uma importante reflexão sobre as novas formas de subjetivação presentes na cidade contemporânea / Abstract: The dissertation deals with the phenomenon of urban segregation in Brazilian cities with reference to the daily life of a group of children, from 07 to 11 years of age, living in a gated community located in Campinas-SP. The text aims to present the specifics of a childhood between walls, exploring the richness and singularity of their forms of appropriation of the condominium and insertion into the city. Thus, on one hand, it explores the relationship of children with the gated community's spaces and how their ties of sociability take place, especially in moments of leisure. The research shows how children rewrite the spaces of the gated community perceiving an existence other than that formed by the planned route, the daily security, the scheduled time and their regulated every day practices. On the other hand, the text describes the major shifts of children to the city outside the walls and also examines the perception of the city for this group of children. It shows how through its displacement by urban space and other ways the images of the city come to such agents and are significant elements to their perceptions about urban space. Thus, the research reflects a unique urban experience, from the different ways of facing the city. In short, the thesis presents a childhood in the city and shows the extent to which ownership of childhood as a sociological object may contribute to an important reflection on new forms of subjectivity in the contemporary city / Mestrado / Sociologia da Cultura / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Arlete Moysés Rodrigues / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T06:10:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bastos_RodrigoDantas_M.pdf: 1031155 bytes, checksum: 1c2576b70f5ff27567d77adfa6277b94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação examina conexões entre o programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida - MCMV e o recente aumento nos preços dos imóveis no Brasil. O caminho percorrido para a análise privilegiou os aspectos político-econômicos da questão imobiliária, numa abordagem dos efeitos (diretos e indiretos) do programa governamental sobre os processos especulativos de encarecimento das cidades brasileiras. Se as transformações recentes no mercado imobiliário nacional não se limitam à novidade do programa habitacional federal, o MCMV não representa propriamente um ponto de ruptura com as políticas públicas de habitação. Para além do alcance do programa está em curso um amplo processo de reconfiguração deste setor da economia nacional, que nos últimos anos se expandiu tanto do ponto de vista financeiro (mediante processos de financeirização) como do ponto de vista geográfico (com o crescimento e expansão das empresas da promoção imobiliária sobre as fronteiras urbanas e para Municípios e Estados nunca antes explorados).O primeiro capítulo faz uma síntese do problema que representam as mercadorias imobiliárias para a economia política marxista, numa perspectiva que privilegia a compreensão da renda da terra no processo produtivo, a relação entre esta renda e a circulação do capital portador de juros, bem como o papel da formação de capital fictício nas crises financeiras e no adiantamento do valor futuro.O segundo capítulo recupera conexões entre a questão do imobiliário e a atual crise do capitalismo. Como explica Harvey (2011), para compreender a crise atual é preciso entender como a última grande crise foi resolvida. Para isso, resgatamos aspectos da crise da década de 70 e traçamos um paralelo entre estas crises e os grandes programas de financiamento habitacional no Brasil. No geral, foi possível perceber interdependências: o programa MCMV coincide com a crise de 2007/2008 assim como o Plano Nacional de Habitação Popular do BNH coincidiu com a crise do petróleo em 1973. Internamente, embora o BNH tenha sido criado em 1964, somente com a criação do FGTS em 1966 conseguiu iniciar uma arrecadação significativa da massa salarial para a disponibilização de crédito habitacional. Ambos os momentos têm em comum as raízes na crise estrutural do capital, que a partir da década de 60 encontrou novas maneiras de "flexibilizar o capital e precarizar o trabalho" (Rodrigues, 2011). Perceber estas similitudes em um novo contexto de financeirização permite explicar o programa ao mesmo tempo pelo endividamento do assalariado brasileiro e pela especulação imobiliária promovida nos circuitos rentistas e financeiros que operam sobre a expectativa de "valorização imobiliária" (que se refere à expectativa de incremento da renda que se pode obter com a terra e não corresponde necessariamente ao valor-trabalho empregado).O terceiro e último capítulo procura trazer algumas contribuições sobre a questão da habitação no Brasil, especificamente sobre as dinâmicas entre o formal e o informal na produção da "habitação de interesse social". O foco da análise se divide entre o mercado informal - incluídas aqui as favelas, os loteamentos irregulares e clandestinos, os cortiços, etc. - e o mercado formal de provisão habitacional, do qual faz parte o programa de financiamento MCMV / Abstract: This work examines connections between the housing program "MinhaCasa Minha Vida - MCMV" (My House, My Life) and the recent increase in land prices in Brazil. The path for the analysis favored the political-economic aspects of real estate markets, in an approach to the housing program effects (direct and indirect) on the speculative processes of land prices in Brazil. The recent changes do not represent a breaking point on housing financial policies. Beyond the MCMV scope there is an on-going process that has reconfigured this broad sector of the national economy, which has expanded in recent years both from a financial standpoint (through financialization processes) as well on a geographical perspective (due to the growth and the expansion of real estate companies over urban frontiers and cities never explored before) (Fix, 2011).The first chapter presents some elements of marxist political economy in order to formulate a critical analysis about real estate issues. The chapter provides a synthesis on the real estate problem under a marxist perspective, which emphasizes the understanding of ground rent in the housing production process, the relationship between ground rent and circulation of interest bearing capital, and the formation of fictitious capital and financial crisis in anticipation of future value. The second chapter recovers connections between real estate markets and the current crises of capitalism. As explained by Harvey (2011), the understanding about the current crisis depends on the understanding of how the last big crisis was solved. In this perspective, the research recovers aspects of the 70s crisis and analyzes the connections between those crises and major housing finance programs in Brazil. The MCMV coincides with the crisis of 2007/2008 such as the largest national housing policy financed by BNH (National Housing Bank) coincides with the oil crisis in 1973. Although BNH was created in 1964, the expansion of housing credit in Brazil began with the creation of FGTS in 1966 and from the collection of a portion of salaries. Both times have in common its origin in the structural crisis of capital, which found new ways to limber capital and precarious labor since the 60s (Rodrigues, 2011). Understanding those similarities in a new context of financialization explain the housing finance policy not only through the absorption of payroll, but also through the speculative processes promoted by rentiers and financial circuits under the increase of estate prices (which refers to the expected increase on ground rent that can be achieved in land markets and do not correspond necessarily to the labor-value applied).The third and final discuss the housing problem in Brazil, specifically the dynamics between formal and informal production of housing directed to low-wage families workers needs. The focus is divided between the informal market - including slums, illegal settlements, tenements, etc. - and the formal housing provision, which includes the MCMV / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

The concept of the city has come to play a central role in the practices of a new generation of artists for whom the city is their canvas. Street art is a complex social issue. For decades, its presence has fueled intense debate among residents of modern cities. Street art is considered by some to be a natural expression that exercises a collective right to the city, and by others, it is seen as a destructive attack upon an otherwise clean and orderly society. This research focuses on various forms of street art from the perspective of the urban audience. The general aim is to further an understanding of how people interact with and respond to street art. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered via direct participant observations of street art installations and 139 surveys conducted with residents in Portland, Oregon. Survey respondents distinguished between street art forms; generally preferring installations and masterpieces over tagging and stickers. More respondents considered graffiti to be a form of artistic expression, rather than an act of vandalism. Participant observations indicated that purposefully-designed street art can promote interaction between people, art, and public space. Random urban spectators became active collaborators; using art and performance to express themselves in public. These findings indicate there is a need to reconsider zero tolerance graffiti policies. Overall, these findings also contribute to a more informed discussion regarding the regulation, acceptability, and possibilities of unauthorized artistic expression in cities.

Рассмотрение образа города представлено через призму классических и современных положений социологии города, социологии социального пространства, теории символического интеракционизма и концепции брендинга территорий. Проведенное эмпирическое исследование позволило выделить версии символических реальностей, присущих Екатеринбургу, и проверить каждую их них, насколько они являются доминирующими в представлениях его жителей. Сконструированный на основе совместного анализа данных опроса и контент-анализа образ города является отражением наиболее ярких черт Екатеринбурга, которые можно использовать при разработке целостной концепции брендинга. / Consideration of the image of the city is represented through the prism of the classical and modern positions of the sociology of the city, the sociology of social space, the theory of symbolic interactionism and the concept of territory branding. The empirical study made it possible to identify the versions of the symbolic realities inherent in Yekaterinburg, and to test each of them as far as they are dominant in the representations of its citizens. Designed on the basis of a joint analysis of survey data and content analysis, the image of the city is a reflection of the most striking features of Ekaterinburg, which can be used to develop an integral branding concept.

The formation of creative industries in post-industrial cities is becoming especially important every year. The development of creative industries and creative economy is the engine of modern cities that can transform the urban space, and use the creative potential of citizens properly. The conducted sociological research has revealed a discourse of creativity - dimensions that allow to analyze the place of creativity in the space of Ekaterinburg. The directions of creative spaces of the city are developed, which reflect the specificity of interactions of creative industries in the space of Ekaterinburg. / Формирование креативных индустрий в постиндустриальных городах с каждым годом приобретает особую актуальностью. Развитие креативных индустрий и креативной экономики является двигателем современных городов, способных преобразовывать городское пространство, и правильно использовать творческий потенциал горожан. Проведённое социологическое исследование выявило дискурс креативности – измерения, которые позволяют проанализировать место креативности в пространстве Екатеринбурга. Разработаны направления креативных пространств города, которые отражают специфику взаимодействий креативных индустрий в пространстве Екатеринбурга.

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本研究以美國早期的都市社會學與社會心理學的理論，瞭解都市化對都市生活影響的一些表徵，包括大量的人口、差異化的個體、高人口密度，以及有別於鄉村的都市生活面貌，例如冷淡、拘謹、膚淺、利益導向、理性的社會情境等。由於台灣快速都市化讓社會整體進步與發達，但都市的意象不免讓人感到冷漠、疏離與隔離，此是否誠如過去西方的都市社會研究結果一般，源於都市空間會影響都市人的心理與外顯的生活方式，此引發本研究進一步探究之動機。有鑑於過去以都市空間規劃為研究主軸之文獻，顯少有學者直接將「生活方式」與「都市空間」兩大議題做關聯性的探討，而台灣早期60、70年代的都市社會學者，曾以社區凝聚、社區發展、社區意識或是鄰里關係進行討論，但時至今日此類的研究亦顯得零星且分散。因此，本研究關懷都市空間與都市人的議題，以西方文獻中的實證經驗來觀察台灣都市社會的情況，並予以驗證假設一：都市人的空間使用行為會因不同社經背景而有差異；假設二：移入都市生活的居民其自身價值觀將會有所改變；假設三：價值觀的改變會對生活方式與使用都市空間的行為產生影響；假設四：都市人的生活方式會對空間使用產生影響，並與空間課題的產生有所關聯；假設五：都市空間與生活方式有所關聯。 因此，本研究在文獻回顧與推演台灣都市社會的情境後，抽樣台北市大安及士林兩區的居民，瞭解遷移者在價值觀、生活方式與空間使用的情況，並以敘述性統計分析與結構方程模式(SEM)歸納問卷結果，回應研究假設，並驗證都市空間與生活方式之關聯。最後，參照實證結果研擬重塑都市空間新風貌之目標與對策體系，做為提昇都市空間品質的建議；而此建議亦可供政府與規劃單位及後續研究者在政策操作上與研究時之參考。最後，獲致以下幾點結論： 一、本研究認為遷移者進入都市生活後，其價值觀可能被改變或是強化的面向，包括自我防衛、個人主義、經濟報酬、理性、容忍五大價值觀。而生活達一定時間後，生活方式將會受到都市環境的影響，以致呈現較互不干涉(疏離)、社區意識缺乏、務實生活(精確計算)，以及重娛樂休閒的傾向。 二、本研究提出都市空間諸多課題，例如社區空間意識衰頹、公共空間私有化、人行空間被遺忘、消費空間主導地方空間的興衰、人工空間取代生態空間，以及空間的過度與不當利用，可能與都市人被強化或改變後的價值觀與生活方式息息相關。而經由敘述性統計分析及SEM的分析，已驗證本研究所提出之五大假設。 三、本研究認為都市空間是自變數亦是應變數。因此，經由實質與非實質規劃策略之研擬，將可重塑都市空間的面貌，並經由影響生活方式來發掘與提高都市社會互動和社會資本的發展，從而再次影響都市人使用空間的行為與態度。本研究研擬實質空間規劃策略，分成三大目標、三項標的與六大對策--提供適當合宜的公共空間、營造巷弄的春天、提高都市空間水平流動性、形塑友善人行空間的元素、增加非機動車的通行空間、經營都市的精耕主義。同時亦認為，都市人的生活方式亦應搭配做一調整(此屬非實質的規劃策略)，例如建立具有社區鄰里道德規範與共識之生活方式、提高民眾參與度之生活方式、推廣植栽與綠化生活方式，或是推展永續的旅行行為，亦即步行生活方式。 / Based on theories of urban sociology and social psychology, this study explores the effects of urbanization on the urban life, including large population, heterogeneous, and high density. The differences of life style features between country and urban areas are discussed, such as indifferent, reserved, superficial, self-interest, and intellectuality and so on. With the rapid urbanization in Taiwan, society has been entirely improving and developing. However, the image of urban area makes people feel indifferent and segregation. Whether this result is the same as which of the studies found in western society brings me to conduct this study. According to literature review, there lacks scholars directly putting “lifestyle” and “urban space” into a relative discussion. The urban sociologists in 60s and 70s in Taiwan had discussed about community coherence, development, consciousness or neighborhood relationship, while to now this kind of research becomes fragmentary. Hence, this study concerns with issues between the urban space and urban residents. With the western literature review, this study observes the conditions of urban society in Taiwan and proposes the following hypotheses. First of all, the behavior of urban residents who utilize the space will be different due to the social economic status. Second, the self-value will be changed after the residents move to urban areas. Third, the change of value system will influence lifestyle and the utilization of urban space. Forth, the lifestyle of urban residents will affect the way of using urban space. Fifth, there is a connection between urban space and lifestyle. This study conducts a survey in Daan and Shilin districts to explore the value system, lifestyle, and the way of using urban space of immigrants. It employs statistic analysis and SEM to generalize the result of questionnaires in order to verify the above hypotheses and the connection between urban space and lifestyle. Then, based on the outcome of verification, this study suggests several strategies for reshaping the image and functions of urban space. Consequently, this study provides conclusions as follows. 一、The value system of immigrants, such as self-protection, egoism, economic reward, rationality, and toleration will be changed or intensified after people move into urban areas. The lifestyle, however, will be influenced by urban environment after a certain time of living in urban areas. And the characteristics of lifestyle include the sense of aloofness, the lack of community consciousness, material life, and the tendency of focusing on entertainment. 二、According to the SEM analysis, this study has verified the five hypotheses. This study also infers that the degenerative consciousness of community, the personalization for public space, the pedestrian space into oblivion, the wax and wane of regional space led by consumption space, artificial space replacing ecologic space, and the overuse and misuse of space are all relevant to the change of value system and lifestyle of urban residents. 三、This study develops several strategies for reshaping the image of urban space which may further influence urban residents’ lifestyle, attitude, and behaviors toward space utilization and urban environment. In order to create a livable urban space, this study suggests relevant strategies, such as providing decent public space, improving the accessibility of urban space, ameliorating friendly pedestrian space, increasing the walking space, and embellishing urban space through new urbanism.

In settings such as hotels, bars and boutiques, things like cars, sodas, clothes, and cities, are fueled with the symbolic capital of graffiti. The purpose of this ethnographic study is to understand how graffiti writers, through marketing, increase the value of their work, as well as that of other products, and how this commercialization affects the meaning of graffiti.  Utilizing a perspective of social constructionism, the analysis shows how actors and social fields that are constructed as incongruous (e.g., art galleries and graffiti culture), are at the same time being mixed together to create something new, and thus create value. This study shows how practices that are considered marginal, or deviant, at the same time generate value within the general economy. Deploying an abductive approach, and building on ample empirical material, this study shows that the narrative of graffiti as something illegal is one of the main traits that enables graffiti writers to exchange subcultural capital for economic. The results show that previous research, investigating graffiti from a dichotomous perspective of either art or vandalism, do not give a satisfactory understanding of this diverse subculture.   The empirical material consists of 30 participant observations in public events, in Sweden during the autumn of 2014, where graffiti is turned into a commodity embodied with subcultural capital. Moreover, four in-depth interviews were executed with graffiti writers who have sold their competence and art for purposes of marketing, and one group interview with three of their customers. Further, several documents were collected and analyzed.

This PhD study is at the intersection of people, place and technology and pioneers innovative development approaches towards interactive social networking systems informed by community, social and urban studies and employs human-centred and participatory design methods. The project delivers a greater understanding of the potential for internet-based systems to support and facilitate social networks of urban residents and the role of those networks to foster neighbourhood identity and social capital. Departing from conventional notions that regard communities as collectives, this study builds upon more contemporary interpretations of community inherent in Castells’ and Wellman’s theories of the network society and networked individualism. The thesis challenges the view that a mere re-appropriation of applications used to support dispersed virtual communities of interest is adequate to meet the place and proximity-based design requirements that community networks in urban neighbourhoods pose. The overarching principal research aim of the study is to propose new ways of conceptualising the roles of social networks of urban residents to better inform the design of new technology facilitating urban neighbourhood developments. Addressing this aim requires a new understanding of the roles of social networks of urban residents. The study sets out to critique the implicit theories underlying technology design in this area and to propose a more appropriate theory based on recent developments in the field and empirical findings from the study. The key research questions are: 1. What theoretical model can better represent social interaction of residents in inner-city apartment buildings? 2. How can relevant research methods be adapted to take the network qualities of social interactions into account? 3. What are the implications of a new understanding of social networks for the design of technology that supports the growth of neighbourhoods? 4. What are the implications of a new understanding of social networks for an urban architecture that supports the growth of neighbourhoods? Within a framework of action research, the study follows a case study approach of three different inner-city residential apartment complexes in Brisbane. Research methods are mostly qualitative and ethnographic and include surveys, focus groups, participant observation and interviews, as well as participatory design. The study delivers innovative outcomes on three levels: 1. Theoretical innovation with an analytical translation of Wellman’s notion of networked individualism and a conceptualisation of the communicative ecology model into the context of system design that supports social networks of residents in inner-city apartment buildings; 2. Methodological innovation with the presentation of Network Action Research, an addition to the action research family which pays particular attention to the network quality of social formations in communities; 3. Empirical innovation with research findings which indicate that the key factors influencing the successful design and uptake of interactive systems to support social networks in urban neighbourhoods. They include the swarming social behaviour of urban dwellers, the dynamics of their existing communicative ecology, and the serendipitous, voluntary and place-based quality of interaction between residents on the basis of choice, like-mindedness, mutual interest and support needs. Findings are presented in three parts to audiences interested in people, technology and place. Drawing on social, urban and computer sciences, this research project delivers insights which will assist efforts to facilitate urban neighbourhood community building with new media and network ICTs. Understanding the issues and challenges as well as opportunities and strengths in forming a local meshwork of social networks will help Australians negotiate the complex web of daily choices, access a greater social safety net, and participate in the socio-cultural and socio-economic life of their city. This in turn will contribute to greater social inclusion, urban sustainability and healthier local economies.