A partir de questionamentos associados à proliferação de condomínios horizontais e loteamentos fechados em Vinhedo (gated communities nos E.U.A), procurou-se evidenciar através de indicadores pautados no conceito de sustentabilidade urbana, o que se tem de realmente sustentável quando da introdução destes empreendimentos na paisagem. Para isso foram consideradas duas dimensões: a sustentabilidade social urbana e a sustentabilidade ambiental urbana, cada qual com dois indicadores; mobilidade e acessibilidade a áreas verdes ou/lazer públicas intramuros, cobertura vegetal arbórea e impermeabilização dos solos, sendo estes últimos analisados entre 1962 e 2012, tanto intra como extramuros. Esta proposta visou demonstrar que o modelo ou padrão de habitação urbana baseada em loteamentos fechados e condomínios horizontais amplia em Vinhedo a possibilidade de alcance da sustentabilidade ambiental urbana, ao mesmo tempo em que reduz a possibilidade de alcance da sustentabilidade social urbana, uma vez que sua lógica de implantação desconsidera importantes funções sociais a serem desempenhadas pela cidade, dessa forma, o alcance da sustentabilidade urbana considerada como um todo se torna parcial. / From questions associated with the proliferation of horizontal condominiums and closed subdivisions in Vinhedo (gated communities), it was tried to highlight by indicators guided the concept of urban sustainability, which has really sustainable when the introduction of these enterprises in the landscape. For this we considered two dimensions: urban social sustainability and urban environmental sustainability, each with two indicators; mobility and accessibility to green areas or / public recreational intramural, arboreal coverage and soil sealing, the latter being analyzed between 1962 and 2012, both intra and extramural. This proposal aimed to demonstrate that the model or pattern of urban housing based on closed subdivisions and horizontal condominiums in Vinhedo expands the possibility of reach of urban environmental sustainability, while reducing the possibility of reaching the urban social sustainability, once its logic implementation ignores important social functions to be performed by the city, thereby achieving urban sustainability considered as a whole becomes partial.

Um dos principais desafios atuais da humanidade é a sustentabilidade planetária, isto é, os aspectos ambiental, econômico e social da Terra. Estimativas das Nações Unidas apontam que, em 2050, 66% da população mundial será urbana, o que significa que as cidades têm um papel de destaque no desafio de busca da sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é indicar os critérios, os procedimentos e as práticas necessárias a serem utilizadas para uma cidade se tornar mais sustentável. A literatura mostra a grande amplitude do tema, das definições dos termos e as dificuldades e discussões a respeito do assunto. A partir da revisão da literatura, os Compromissos de Aalborg um guia de dez objetivos a serem seguidos para o alcance de mais sustentabilidade urbana passaram a servir como um norteador de temáticas relevantes relacionadas a cidades mais sustentáveis. Além da revisão bibliográfica, os indicadores de duas iniciativas da sociedade civil, o Programa Cidades Sustentáveis, no Brasil, e a European Sustainable Cities, foram contemplados na discussão. Em seguida, realizou-se um cotejamento entre as abordagens da literatura científica, os indicadores das iniciativas supracitadas e os Compromissos de Aalborg. O resultado foi a identificação de que os Compromissos de Aalborg têm uma correspondência científica e, portanto, possibilitam o estabelecimento de critérios para cidades mais sustentáveis, tornando-se, assim, uma referência para a discussão desse tema / One of the major current challenges of humanity is planetary sustainability in the environmental, economic and social sense. The United Nations estimates that by 2050, 66% of the worlds population will be urban, which means that cities will have a prominent role in reaching global sustainability. It is in this context that this work seeks to identify the key criteria, procedures and practices for cities to become more sustainable. Current literature demonstrates great breadth in the subject. It was found in the literature review that the Aalborg Commitments, a ten commitment guide to urban sustainability, is a guiding source for the achievement of sustainable cities. Indicators from two civil society initiatives, the \"Sustainable Cities Program\" in Brazil, and the \"European Sustainable Cities were also included in the discussion. Next, a comparison was made between the approaches of the scientific literature, the indicators of the two initiatives indicated above, and the Aalborg Commitments. It was found that the Aalborg Commitments have a scientific basis, and thus, allow for the establishment of criteria for more sustainable cities. In this way, the Aalborg Commitments become a reference for the discussion of urban sustainability

Esta pesquisa propõe a aplicação de indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana em um conjunto habitacional, na cidade de Manaus/AM, a partir de princípios de desenvolvimento sustentável investigados em experiências bem sucedidas na Europa e no Brasil. Os exemplos pesquisados, denominados bairros sustentáveis, são iniciativas urbanísticas comprometidas com os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável que propõem um novo modelo de ocupação urbana. Este modelo prioriza o uso racional de recursos naturais, a utilização de materiais ecológicos, de fontes renováveis de energia, o controle de resíduos, a reutilização da água das chuvas, incentivos para o \'não uso de carros\' promovendo o pedestre, o ciclista e o transporte público com impactos na melhoria na qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Para tanto, a metodologia pauta-se em um corpus teórico das idéias que tem sido discutidas sobre a sustentabilidade em proposições que se apresentam com distintas adjetivações como: \"Desenvolvimento Sustentável\", \"Ecodesenvolvimento\", \"Sociedades Sustentáveis\", \"Comunidades Sustentáveis\", termos estes, abordados nos Acordos/Encontros Internacionais, configurando-se como um panorama histórico da questão ambiental e a cidade. Segue-se com as definições de indicadores, índices e princípios de sustentabilidade urbana e aescolha de cinco experiências apoiadas pelos critérios de representatividade do diferencial entre elas, pelo pioneirismo, pelo reconhecimento nos meios especializados e pelo potencial de difusão. Considerou-se também importante, a inclusão de experiências internacionais que se destacassem por seu grau de inovação, estruturação e consolidação. Esta soma de saberes específicos contribuiu para a formulação de um quadro-síntese dos indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana aplicáveis ao conjunto habitacional \'Parque Residencial Manaus\'. / This research proposes the application of urban sustainability indicators in a public housing in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, since the principles of sustainable development investigated in successful experiences in Europe and Brazil. The examples studied, called sustainable neighborhoods, are urban initiatives are committed to the sustainable development indicators which offer a new model of urban settlement. This model emphasizes the rational use of natural resources, the use of green materials, renewable sources of energy, waste control, reuse of rainwater, incentives for the \'non-use of cars\' promoting the pedestrian, the cyclist and public transportation to improve the quality of life for its residents. For this, the methodology is guided in a corpus of theoretical ideas that have been discussed on the sustainability of propositions that are presented with different adjectives such as \"Sustainable Development\", \"Ecodevelopment\", \"Sustainable Societies\", \"Sustainable Communities\", terms discussed in the Agreements / International Meetings, configuring it as a historical overview of environmental issues and the city. Then, it presents the definitions of indicators, indices and principles of urban sustainability and the choice of five experiments that were chosen using the representativeness criteria of the differential between them, the pioneering, recognition in specialist circles and the diffusion potential. It was also important to include international experiences that stood out for their musical innovation, restructuring and consolidation. This sum of specific knowledge contributed to formulate of a summary table of urban sustainability indicators that were applied to the public housing \'Parque Residencial Manaus\'.

Orientador: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim / Banca: João Lima Sant'Anna Neto / Banca: João Osvaldo Rodrigues Nunes / Banca: Karin Schwabe Meneguetti / Banca: Heloisa Soares de Moura Costa / Resumo: A sustentabilidade é assimilada a diversas e distintas perspectivas no espaço urbano, porém, somente como um artifício discursivo. E a premissa disso é o adjetivo sustentável apoiar-se na teoria sistêmica, a qual o torna um sistema mecanicista, coerente e generalizado, na prática. Logo, a presente tese procurou entender primeiro o processo do desenvolvimento sustentável, por via da complexidade de suas contextualizações temporal e espacial, global e local, as quais o caracterizaram como o novo modo de regulação do capitalismo neoliberal, para sua acumulação flexível. Inserida nesse contexto, a cidade de Maringá é, também, produzida por projetos desenvolvimentistas que visam torná-la mais competitiva nos mercados multiescalares, para a atração de capitais. Como proposta, por um lado, o projeto teórico de sustentabilidade de Maringá parte dos princípios do ajuste do padrão de produção-consumo e da legitimação dos ritmos sociais na apropriação dos recursos naturais, segundo os fundamentos da concepção de sustentável e da produção maringaense do espaço urbano. E, por outro lado, o projeto prático parte da avaliação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sustainability is treated as diverse and distinct perspectives in urban space, but only as a discursive device. And its premise is the adjective sustainable rely on systems theory, which makes it a mechanistic, consistent and widespread system in practice. So, this thesis sought first understand the process of sustainable development, through the complexity of their spatial and temporal contextualization, global and local, which have characterized him as the new neoliberal mode of regulation, to their flexible accumulation. Inserted in this context, the city of Maringá, in Paraná State (Brazil), is also produced by development projects that aim to make it more competitive in the multiscale markets, to attract capitals. As proposed, on the one hand, the theoretical project sustainability of Maringá comes from the principles of adjusting the standard of production-consumption and legitimation of social rhythms in the appropriation of natural resources, according to the fundamentals of sustainable conception and maringaense production of urban space. And on the other hand, the practical project comes from the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Esta pesquisa propõe a aplicação de indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana em um conjunto habitacional, na cidade de Manaus/AM, a partir de princípios de desenvolvimento sustentável investigados em experiências bem sucedidas na Europa e no Brasil. Os exemplos pesquisados, denominados bairros sustentáveis, são iniciativas urbanísticas comprometidas com os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável que propõem um novo modelo de ocupação urbana. Este modelo prioriza o uso racional de recursos naturais, a utilização de materiais ecológicos, de fontes renováveis de energia, o controle de resíduos, a reutilização da água das chuvas, incentivos para o \'não uso de carros\' promovendo o pedestre, o ciclista e o transporte público com impactos na melhoria na qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Para tanto, a metodologia pauta-se em um corpus teórico das idéias que tem sido discutidas sobre a sustentabilidade em proposições que se apresentam com distintas adjetivações como: \"Desenvolvimento Sustentável\", \"Ecodesenvolvimento\", \"Sociedades Sustentáveis\", \"Comunidades Sustentáveis\", termos estes, abordados nos Acordos/Encontros Internacionais, configurando-se como um panorama histórico da questão ambiental e a cidade. Segue-se com as definições de indicadores, índices e princípios de sustentabilidade urbana e aescolha de cinco experiências apoiadas pelos critérios de representatividade do diferencial entre elas, pelo pioneirismo, pelo reconhecimento nos meios especializados e pelo potencial de difusão. Considerou-se também importante, a inclusão de experiências internacionais que se destacassem por seu grau de inovação, estruturação e consolidação. Esta soma de saberes específicos contribuiu para a formulação de um quadro-síntese dos indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana aplicáveis ao conjunto habitacional \'Parque Residencial Manaus\'. / This research proposes the application of urban sustainability indicators in a public housing in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, since the principles of sustainable development investigated in successful experiences in Europe and Brazil. The examples studied, called sustainable neighborhoods, are urban initiatives are committed to the sustainable development indicators which offer a new model of urban settlement. This model emphasizes the rational use of natural resources, the use of green materials, renewable sources of energy, waste control, reuse of rainwater, incentives for the \'non-use of cars\' promoting the pedestrian, the cyclist and public transportation to improve the quality of life for its residents. For this, the methodology is guided in a corpus of theoretical ideas that have been discussed on the sustainability of propositions that are presented with different adjectives such as \"Sustainable Development\", \"Ecodevelopment\", \"Sustainable Societies\", \"Sustainable Communities\", terms discussed in the Agreements / International Meetings, configuring it as a historical overview of environmental issues and the city. Then, it presents the definitions of indicators, indices and principles of urban sustainability and the choice of five experiments that were chosen using the representativeness criteria of the differential between them, the pioneering, recognition in specialist circles and the diffusion potential. It was also important to include international experiences that stood out for their musical innovation, restructuring and consolidation. This sum of specific knowledge contributed to formulate of a summary table of urban sustainability indicators that were applied to the public housing \'Parque Residencial Manaus\'.

Um dos principais desafios atuais da humanidade é a sustentabilidade planetária, isto é, os aspectos ambiental, econômico e social da Terra. Estimativas das Nações Unidas apontam que, em 2050, 66% da população mundial será urbana, o que significa que as cidades têm um papel de destaque no desafio de busca da sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é indicar os critérios, os procedimentos e as práticas necessárias a serem utilizadas para uma cidade se tornar mais sustentável. A literatura mostra a grande amplitude do tema, das definições dos termos e as dificuldades e discussões a respeito do assunto. A partir da revisão da literatura, os Compromissos de Aalborg um guia de dez objetivos a serem seguidos para o alcance de mais sustentabilidade urbana passaram a servir como um norteador de temáticas relevantes relacionadas a cidades mais sustentáveis. Além da revisão bibliográfica, os indicadores de duas iniciativas da sociedade civil, o Programa Cidades Sustentáveis, no Brasil, e a European Sustainable Cities, foram contemplados na discussão. Em seguida, realizou-se um cotejamento entre as abordagens da literatura científica, os indicadores das iniciativas supracitadas e os Compromissos de Aalborg. O resultado foi a identificação de que os Compromissos de Aalborg têm uma correspondência científica e, portanto, possibilitam o estabelecimento de critérios para cidades mais sustentáveis, tornando-se, assim, uma referência para a discussão desse tema / One of the major current challenges of humanity is planetary sustainability in the environmental, economic and social sense. The United Nations estimates that by 2050, 66% of the worlds population will be urban, which means that cities will have a prominent role in reaching global sustainability. It is in this context that this work seeks to identify the key criteria, procedures and practices for cities to become more sustainable. Current literature demonstrates great breadth in the subject. It was found in the literature review that the Aalborg Commitments, a ten commitment guide to urban sustainability, is a guiding source for the achievement of sustainable cities. Indicators from two civil society initiatives, the \"Sustainable Cities Program\" in Brazil, and the \"European Sustainable Cities were also included in the discussion. Next, a comparison was made between the approaches of the scientific literature, the indicators of the two initiatives indicated above, and the Aalborg Commitments. It was found that the Aalborg Commitments have a scientific basis, and thus, allow for the establishment of criteria for more sustainable cities. In this way, the Aalborg Commitments become a reference for the discussion of urban sustainability

Managing stormwater sustainably in the face of extreme weather events has increasingly been recognized as a strategy for climate adaptation in the urban planning context. Sustainable stormwater management intends to reduce urban vulnerability while ensuring the overall sustainability and robustness of future cities. To add to the emerging research field of green infrastructure, the objective of the study is to explore the role of multi-functional solutions as a climate change response in urban planning and development. This study has been driven by an inductive research process and draws on empirical data collection through workshops and interviews with City Hall officials in Motala City. The study concludes that despite the lack of preventative planning to anticipate climate change, city renewal and urban development of Motala City presented a window of opportunity to implement potential multi-functional stormwater solutions in the urban environment through urban planning. Further, increased focus on internal and external collaboration through the process of envisioning the future of the city have enabled new forms of governance and facilitated arenas for public acceptance and an integrative planning-approach. Lastly, discourses on attractiveness enabled greenery to be viewed from a social, economic and environmental perspective, supporting multi-functional stormwater solutions as a strategy for climate adaptation and urban sustainability.

This thesis aims to enable improved urban sustainability in India and has therefore been conducted at WSP’s office in Delhi. The objective has been to chart the Indian characteristics as well as to identify difficulties regarding urban sustainability. The purpose and objective have been accomplished through the implementation of three research questions. The questions have been answered by a literary review of existing theories and a complementary document analysis. Furthermore, a case study of a new development in India with long-term sustainability in focus of the design has been conducted. For an Indian city to achieve a sustainable urban development, five pillars of sustainability have been identified; political, physical, ecological, social and economic. The ecological, social and economic are pillars from the common definition of sustainability, however they have different meaning and focus in the Indian context. The physical and political pillars are therefore characteristic for the Indian urban development. The physical pillar is added in the Indian context since short term planning and focus on profit is dominating the building industry. The demand for maintenance is because of that larger than the supply which results in a need for more emphasis on the physical built environment. The political pillar is applied because of the concerns for the value and quality of governance actions. It affects the four other pillars since the government should provide guidance, both with instructions and by executions, which is not always apparent. The Indian government has introduced several strategies in order to achieve sustainability in Indian cities. Rating tools for sustainability, such as Leed and Griha, together with the planning of spatial city forms, such as compact city form and mixed land use, which are the main procedures. Benefits in terms of lower interest rates on loans and a quicker clearance are given to developers who intend to build sustainably. Though the many theories and strategies seem ambitious, they are not always as effective when translated into practice. This is partly because of the lack of follow-up and partly the clients focus on quick profit. Thus, India is facing many challenges in order to reach a sustainable urban development. Together with urbanisation and growth in population, corruption is the main challenge since many other follows. These are lack of awareness in the field of sustainability, short term planning and the focus on profit as well as public safety and poverty. If India is serious about developing its cities sustainably, it is significant for the Indian government to take an inspiring role in using and promoting sustainability.

Efforts to achieve urban sustainability include ecological practices within civic society. A prominent example of this is the voluntary stewardship of green urban spaces such as community gardening. People participating in these practices – so the argument goes – draw on social-ecological memory (SE-memory) – knowledge, experience, and practice of local ecosystem management. The present study scrutinises the components and implications of the concept of SE-memory. It identifies and fills a theoretical gap by investigating and adding neglected dimensions of individual memory while strengthening the concept’s social component by examining implications of SE-memory for its actual individual carriers. The study centres on Berlin’s intercultural gardens – urban community gardens where processes of SE-memory are particularly diverse. It is based on five months of fieldwork, including intensive participant observations and in-depth interviews in such gardens. The findings show that the reviving, modifying, and transmitting of SE-memory involve expressions of individuality as well as community and comprise inter-locking streams of both individual and social memory. These play a pivotal role for individuals’ sense of belonging, social inclusion, and commitment to cultural diversity central to the intercultural gardens’ contribution to social urban sustainability as they provide space for personal memory revival, allow for people to practice their culture of origin, and offer points of manifold exchange with others.

The important positions and proposals of the thesis are firstly the framework posited for a socially sustainable urban environment, and secondly a proposal for the parameters of place formation for sustainable urban design. Research into social sustainability has provided a variety of approaches among which Castells&amp / #8217 / model for urban movements have been adapted as a matrix for social organization in terms of placemaking, highlighting the goals of an urban movement, in this case of a place, with the citizen as urban actor, against its adversary the historical actor. As for the parameters of place formation a matrix of place is developed as a tool for urban design and for measuring urban sustainability. The matrix delineates the six dimensions of place in terms of the three sustainabilities most strongly involved in each / to be measured by the indicators of sustainability which are to be achieved by applying various strategies for urban design. As a result of the study of the underlying dynamics of the paradigms of sustainability, place, and place-making, and the shifting role of urban design necessitated by problems of urbaproposed within a discourse that prefers to see the three sustainabilities in conjunction and, believes socially sustainable communities to be also environmentally and economically sustainable- the issue becomes how to facilitate a place process through urban design. Place as a social product, and place as an experiential, cognitive construct, place as object and subject of place-making, and place as a geographically specific, historical materialist formation are the four vantage points from which to inspect the juxtapositions and differences of the concept / and may be arrive at a theory of place. The predilection that sustainability and urbanization can be evaluated via placemaking stems, on one hand, from a study of the city/urbanization through the works of Harvey, Castells, Lefebvre and Bookchin who emphasize social space/process in the face of physical/geometric space / and an architectural background/disposition which finds place congenial on the other hand. The paradigm of sustainability and place, and place-making as urban design is applied to the case of Temelli, Ankara for a critique of sustainable/unsustainable urbanization. As a geographic, social, economic and historical location within the Greater Municipality of Ankara, Temelli has been a region of attraction for investors since the 1990s. What was once a small village planned for settling Balkan immigrants, became a municipality in 1994 / the land within the municipal boundaries were increased tenfold, and the region was earmarked for an overspill of 650,000 people from Ankara Metropolitan Area in the next 20 years. Four residential areas in the region have been assessed comparatively in terms of sustainable urban forms / and an evaluation of everyday lives have been conducted through surveys and interviews with residents to observe how and if place as social product evolved / how the conceived, perceived and lived spaces interacted.