In today’s globalized business world Corporate Social Responsibility hasbecome the pioneer business issue with ethical business governance. Nonetheless,the idea is in the early developing stage in most of the underdevelopedcountries like Ethiopia. Unlike the developed world in which the corporategovernance system plays a kin role in ensuring the ethical business practice,countries without stock market like Ethiopia are faced with lack of wellestablished ethical business practice.   Ethiopian flower industry is at its infancy stage and generates aconsiderable amount of foreign currency and provides job opportunity for manycitizens. However it is still accused of unsustainable flower production.   This paper explores the practice of corporate social responsibility and therelated governance on Ethiopian flower industry. It highlights particularly oncorporate social responsibility practices and its implementation through theassistance of government bodies and other stakeholders. It attempts to revealthe growth of the industry, corporate social responsibility and governmentalregulations with its CSR drivers. The study also assesses convergence of theeconomical, ecological and human practices of flower farms with its related CSRdrivers in promoting their governance on corporate social responsibility. Finallythis research provides opportunity for students, researchers and stakeholdersto analyze and discuss on the current CSR issue of the industry.

Abstract The key of blooming Companies is INNOVATION ,therefore, a number of signs (namely aptotic service, product and marketing strategy)will be the decay of concerns. Generally speaking, the main method used in my research is by searching the scientific or technical literature and the minor information is form the interview, field trip. The typical example the I am going to mention is the advantage of Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor Inc(as known as KKL) in the their marketing strategy by collecting the documents and to analyze the detail as I got, and then, to attest the result which I suggest this company how to improve and solve the problem they are facing. According to the literature, My thesis will provide the contents of the value form innovation strategy and structure of concerns, which developed in three significant points(value chain, primary activities and support activities, respectively). Further and even more importantly, though, there are over a half of concerns get more than 25% turnover form the products and services that developed recent 3 years ,not only for local companies but also the global ones . The main reason to give them the greatly competitiveness is from the innovation ideas. Furthermore, most companies have to innovate themselves to address the market. According the research of Boston Consulting Group, approximately 90% chairmen must promote their work team by innovation .In the meanwhile, the report mentions that the other 4 points of results below: 1. The team could not achieve the goal in the period. 2. The ratio of success was too law. 3. The allocation of resource was not enough. 4. The cooperation of each department was not enough. In stark contrast, is Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor Inc able to keep a steady grow and be the leader of this market, The topic will be the challenge for them. By way of conclusion, I will relative the innovation speed and the different of companies¡¦s features,then provide ideas for the innovation method for Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor Inc Keyword : innovation, competitiveness ¡Avalue chain

3G and WiMAX are two main streams in the existent broadband wireless access technologies. It has been 6 years since the 3G license be released in October, 2001. 3G enters the market much earlier; it not only extends the mobility of 2G, but combines the advantage of sounds, data, and image. But so far, it still can¡¦t inspire customer¡¦s demand. On the other hand, with the power of Intel, the new technology, WiMAX intends to adopt the successful experience of WiFi into the market of broadband wireless access technologies. WiMax can also offer triple-play, even lower cost, and faster transfer. When these two similar technologies both exist in the market, will they be complementary or mutually exclusive? This question will be discussed in the paper. The conclusion is, after comparing 3G with WiMAX, figuring out 6 key factors that would affect the co-competition. 1.the time of technology competition 2. segmentation of services 3. demand of customers 4.market orientation and strategy 5. policy of government 6. building ecological system. Basically speaking, when WiMAX moves toward 3G, the market share is depended on technology maturity, entrance time, using habit of customers, and cost advantage of product.

Background: Major attention in researches within the field of internet technologies andits usage in service providing Small and medium Enterprises has been devoted in thedeveloped countries. Little or almost no attention or studies have been given on most ofthe developing or third world countries specifically, Ethiopia which can be consideredas a black hole in related researches. Recently there are some encouraging signals hereand there, with a hopeful transition to the digital era and utilization of internettechnologies, in the service providing small and medium enterprises businesses. Thearea of attention here is directed to Ethiopia, in the existing internet technologies usagein SMEs with the prospects, benefits and problems of utilization in the businessoperations. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to find out the benefits, prospects and utilizationproblems of internet technologies in small and medium size service enterprises inEthiopia. The study discusses the service business operations and their internet usage inthe small and medium enterprises value chain activities theories. Definitions: The term SME (Small and Medium size Enterprises) generally refers to, inmost developing economies, the following broad categories: For this research purposeUNIDOs quantitative and qualitative SMEs definition criterions will be used: Micro enterprises: employment level below 10; Registered Capital < $ 42,000  Small enterprises: employment level from 10 to 49; Registered Capital > $ 42,000 Medium enterprises: employment level from 50 to 249. Registered Capital > $ 42,000 Internet Technology: is all about connectivity, accesses and utilization of internet. Realization: This study is based on multiple case study of 5 small and medium sizedservice enterprises‘ using internet in their business activities. Unstructured interviewwas handled with managers in the business, for this purpose qualitative research methodis applied with an inductive approach more dominantly. Completion and Results: A qualitative multiple case studies on SMEs businesses inAddis Ababa, Ethiopia was carried out and the results revealed that:      The Benefits of Internet Technologies as :  The falling costs and increasingutility of cutting edge technologies without bearing the high costs of discarding olderlegacy systems and carrying massive cost of technological  R & D, Historicopportunity  for SME‘s to create new information rich industries and competitiveentrepreneurships of global reach with no abstraction/ marketing chains or less capital , Provided Product/service and Operation / Processes Efficiency for SMEs, Enhancedthe businesses‘ value proposition, quality and flexibility,  SMEs  are better positionedto participate in global value chains, with minimal capital , R&D and Technology cost.  The Problems of Internet Technologies as: - Poor literacy, both computer basedand formal education, - Lack of good infrastructure, both physical and regulatory - lackof access to technology in rural or remote areas with lack of content in local languagessettings (Language & Diversity Barriers), - Service interruptions in basic infrastructuresuch as telecoms and electricity interruptions, - And lack of expertise in IT.   The Implications and Conclusion as: The utilization of internet technologies andthe growing number of entrepreneurial firms(SMEs) signals the way forward inEthiopia is  with a lot of  prospects among them are opportunities of  participating in theglobal market arena, strategic alliances with local and foreign firms that creates hugepossibilities of exploring and exploiting information, knowledge and culture industrieson which the country is endowed with, provided that the above mentioned impedimentsare addressed.  The theoretical issues in this research indicates that unlike the developedeconomies perspective on the value activities of firm which states the primary activitiesas a critical and detrimental activity in the value chain, in this research the supportactivity is found to have an equivalent, if not, a greater influence in the value activitiesof Ethiopian or developing country context that challenges the pre-establishedtheoretical concept (Porter, 1985)in the matured and developed economies giving muchof the credit to primary activities.  The underlying conclusion in this research is that, thesupport activities mentioned on Porter (1985) and (Rayport &Sviokla ,1995) as in bothcases (physical and virtual SMEs presence) are found to be equivalentlycritical/determinant as it is analyzed in the cases and shortly portrayed in the conclusivetable, where the support activities are found to be playing a significant role andcontribution  even in the sustenance of the primary value activities   and further to thewhole value system as far as the internet connectivity to business presence/ [VISIBILITY,MIRRORING CAPABILITY& NEW DIGITAL VALUE] (Rayport &Sviokla ,1995)  is takenin to consideration. Therefore an adapted / amended model to the context of developingcountries/Ethiopia is suggested based on the empirical findings and analysis. Search Terms: - Internet Technologies (ICT), Small & Medium Service Enterprises(SMEs), Infrastructure, Human Resources, Primary and Secondary Value Activities,Physical &Virtual Value Chain, Search, Evaluation Problem Solving & Transaction.

<p>Electronic health – this is the object of study work. The focus of research is European countries, which use Information and Communication Technologies improving their Health care system and it is not excepted is the country advanced in developing e-Health or it just started to create or improve this system. As it is a new Developing research area, there are not so many direct relevant researches about it previously found. Therefore it encourages the investigation of this topic, which according to European Commission and Enterprise Directorate General (2003) could reach greatest economy on saving costs in whole service sector. Thus the guidelines for efficient e-Health development should be given as soon as possible. The study work is exactly aimed on this.</p>

Electronic health – this is the object of study work. The focus of research is European countries, which use Information and Communication Technologies improving their Health care system and it is not excepted is the country advanced in developing e-Health or it just started to create or improve this system. As it is a new Developing research area, there are not so many direct relevant researches about it previously found. Therefore it encourages the investigation of this topic, which according to European Commission and Enterprise Directorate General (2003) could reach greatest economy on saving costs in whole service sector. Thus the guidelines for efficient e-Health development should be given as soon as possible. The study work is exactly aimed on this.

This is an analysis of the potential for creating a sustainable value-chain for tourism in the Nampula province in northern Mozambique. Research for this analysis has been conducted both in Mozambique from a supply and community perspective and from the international demand level in Sweden. The study establishes that Nampula has the resources in the form of scenic landscapes, pristine beaches and a rich cultural and historical heritage that give ample potential to build a tourism industry. There are however, several obstacles that have to be overcome if the development of a tourism industry is to become reality. These obstacles include poor infrastructure, problems of marketing, a rather unvaried tourism supply, financial and monetary policy issues, low skills and knowledge, low integration of local production with the tourism sector, intricate bureaucracy, insufficient dialogue and socio- cultural issues.Analyses of international demand show a view of Mozambique as an expensive tourist destination with lower standards than competing destinations with similar price-levels. Marketing of tourism supply in Mozambique, and especially in Nampula, do not reach the international tourism market to any substantial degree and what actually does reach the market caters more for the luxury end.The most important conclusions drawn from this study are that substantial infrastructural development is needed on all levels and that there is a need to incorporate sustainable thinking within all measures and activities regarding tourism development. Furthermore, in order to attract larger volumes and different categories of tourists, diversification of tourist activities is required together with general improvements in standards of facilities and value-for-money. Regional cooperation and a wider focus on Nampula’s tourist-attracting opportunities such as culture-conscious tourism might help to create a local “trademark” and improve marketing options and possibilities. There is also need for increased access to basic education and information to facilitate the integration of local communities with the tourism sector. In addition, increased cross-sector coordination and dialogue are vital to an integrated and sustainable development of the tourism sector. For example, local agricultural development and improved distribution channels should not only be regarded as ends in themselves but also as beneficial towards the tourism industry – and vice versa.

In the past, the main force of Taiwan's economic development is the traditional manufacturing industry. After decades of changes in industrial structure, actual production plants of many factories have been moved to the outside of Taiwan only the of the administration center to stay in Taiwan. As of today, the number of manufacturing sector in Taiwan have been gradually diminished. However, the actual production capacity is very important to a country. Steel pipe and pipe fittings is infrastructure components that were used as a framework for plant pipeline in the establishment of a factory, which were used in petrochemical, chemical, construction, medical, nuclear, high-tech industries when factories, maintenance required. The method in this study is the case interview, and we interviewed with seven main production company of stainless steel pipe fittings industry in Taiwan to understand the competitive situation of the stainless steel pipe fittings industry in Taiwan. And intends to interview about dimensions of competitive strategy, response mode, human resources, marketing, customer development, product, valuable resources. Then learned that the various manufacturers of competitive strategy, competitive advantage, and then identify each vendor's market position in the market. The study found that, relatively speaking, Taiwan is still the base of the stainless steel pipe industry. Every year, Taiwan still import foreign pipe fittings. This suggest that there is a growth space of the pipe industry in the domestic market. In the seven companies, The market leader is TA CHEN stainless pipe co., LTD; The market challengers are TRU-FLOW INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD, TACHIA YUNG HO MACHINE INDUSTRY CO.,LTD, LIANG FENG STAINLESS STEEL FITTING CO.,LTD; And the market followers are CHU TEI FU PIPING FITTNG MATERIAL CO.,LTD, HEN DAI FITTNG CO.,LTD, KAO JUNG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. In this study, four suggestions were given to these companies, increase the different products, enhanced marketing capabilities, increase the certification and to maintain R & D capabilities

<p>This is an analysis of the potential for creating a sustainable value-chain for tourism in the Nampula province in northern Mozambique. Research for this analysis has been conducted both in Mozambique from a supply and community perspective and from the international demand level in Sweden. The study establishes that Nampula has the resources in the form of scenic landscapes, pristine beaches and a rich cultural and historical heritage that give ample potential to build a tourism industry. There are however, several obstacles that have to be overcome if the development of a tourism industry is to become reality. These obstacles include poor infrastructure, problems of marketing, a rather unvaried tourism supply, financial and monetary policy issues, low skills and knowledge, low integration of local production with the tourism sector, intricate bureaucracy, insufficient dialogue and socio- cultural issues.Analyses of international demand show a view of Mozambique as an expensive tourist destination with lower standards than competing destinations with similar price-levels. Marketing of tourism supply in Mozambique, and especially in Nampula, do not reach the international tourism market to any substantial degree and what actually does reach the market caters more for the luxury end.The most important conclusions drawn from this study are that substantial infrastructural development is needed on all levels and that there is a need to incorporate sustainable thinking within all measures and activities regarding tourism development. Furthermore, in order to attract larger volumes and different categories of tourists, diversification of tourist activities is required together with general improvements in standards of facilities and value-for-money. Regional cooperation and a wider focus on Nampula’s tourist-attracting opportunities such as culture-conscious tourism might help to create a local “trademark” and improve marketing options and possibilities. There is also need for increased access to basic education and information to facilitate the integration of local communities with the tourism sector. In addition, increased cross-sector coordination and dialogue are vital to an integrated and sustainable development of the tourism sector. For example, local agricultural development and improved distribution channels should not only be regarded as ends in themselves but also as beneficial towards the tourism industry – and vice versa.</p>

This thesis attempts to understand the value chain of ethno-cultural vegetables (ECV) in Ontario to develop recommendations to benefit farmers and other stakeholders. This research has used a mixed method approach. At present ECV demand is huge and much of it is imported which involves long food miles. Growing ECV locally has multiple benefits to the society and environment. Two types of major value chains with many variations can be identified due to a range of socio-cultural, economic and physical factors. Small and large scale farmers were involved in local ECV production. The Ontario Food Terminal and other importers play a significant role in ECV supply. Supermarkets and ethnic grocery stores were important in ECV marketing. Local producers have the opportunity to supply fresh ECV which requires knowledge about production under local conditions, raising consumer awareness, educating all the stakeholders of the ECV value chain regarding benefits and market potentials. / Vineland research and Innovation Center