The purpose of this essay was to compare the classic vampire narrative, Bram Stoker's Dracula, to a more contemporary vampire narrative using the first book, Twilight, in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series as a prime example.  By looking at the world of the vampire, the figure of the vampire and the interaction between the vampire and the main female characters in each respective story, the goal was to see how much the vampire narrative has evolved.  The argument was that the movement from Dracula to Twilight was from an archetypical, terrifying vampire to a more modern, sexually alluring and romantic vampire, where several aspects of terror have been removed.  What has been shown is that there are many aspects that have changed once terror is not the focal point. In addition, this essay also argued that in a classroom setting one could use a modern vampire narrative, such as Twilight, to activate pupils’ interest in vampires which would naturally segue into meaningful discussions, comparisons and analyses of the prototypical vampire narrative found in Dracula. As a result, this activity would also encourage students to read literature and explore new worlds

This is an ethnographic audience reception study of True Blood. LGBTQ fans of True Blood were interviewed in order to understand their opinions about True Blood, what makes it queer, and whether the representations are positive or negative. Overall, the subjects found the sexual fluidity of the vampires in True Blood to be queer because they felt it transcended human sexuality. As for the representations of gay and lesbian characters, they were found to be both negative and positive, but the inclusion of such characters is what is most important. I argue that the sexual fluidity of the vampires on True Blood is not queer, and True Blood is not queer, for queer does not transcend the binary system upon which sexuality is predicated.

<p>This paper will focus on the homosexuality and homoeroticism that can be found in Anne Rice’s novel <em>Interview With The Vampire</em> using Queer theory. The paper is divided into four parts in which different aspects of the novel will be discussed. Firstly the discussion focuses on the homoeroticism which is abundant in Rice’s novel. The second part covers the subject of identity and Louis’ quest to find out what and why he is. Next the issue of family within the vampyric world is examined using the family unit that Louis, Lestat and Claudia make as its basis. Lastly the question of why the ‘gender-free’ love which is present in <em>Interview With The Vampire</em> is important to the vampire genre is answered.</p>

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'un chef-d'uvre de la littérature fantastique : Dracula, roman que Bram Stoker avait écrit à la fin du XIXème siècle et qui n'a jamais cessé de faire rêver les générations. Doté de pouvoirs extraordinaires, Dracula apparaît comme une énigme à déchiffrer. A travers le fantastique, nous nous proposons de découvrir la véritable signification de cet être étrange et de préciser la place et le rôle de l'archétype initiatique dans le roman. Dans une première partie notre objectif est d'étudier l'émergence du phénomène fantastique et du personnage du vampire, en suivant sa naissance dans la littérature, et en retrouvant ses origines dans la mythologie et l'histoire. La deuxième partie est consacrée au fantastique dans Dracula. Elle met en lumière l'espace, les personnages, l'image et les pouvoirs surnaturels du vampire. Dans la troisième et dernière partie, il s'agit d'analyser l'approche psychanalytique du fantastique dans le roman en mettant en valeur l'image érotique, le problème du mal et les différents conflits psychanalytiques présents dans Dracula. / This thesis is devoted to the study of the master piece from the Fantastic literature: Dracula, a novel that Bram Stoker wrote around the end of the XIXth century and that has relentlessly inspired mankind one generation after the other. Gifted with extraordinary powers, Dracula emerged as an enigma that required deciphering. Across the Fantastic, we attempt to discover the real implications of this mysterious being and to point out the position and role of the initiating archetype in the novel. The aim of the first part of the thesis is to study the emergence of the Fantastic phenomenon and of the vampire character through following its birth trail across the literature and tracking its origins in mythology and history. The second part deals with the Fantastic aspect of the novel. It highlights the setting, the characters in addition to portraying the image and the supernatural powers of the vampire. The third and last part deals with the analysis of the psychoanalytical approach of the Fantastic within the novel through appreciating the erotic image, the problem of evil and the different psychoanalytical conflicts present within Dracula.

This paper will focus on the homosexuality and homoeroticism that can be found in Anne Rice’s novel Interview With The Vampire using Queer theory. The paper is divided into four parts in which different aspects of the novel will be discussed. Firstly the discussion focuses on the homoeroticism which is abundant in Rice’s novel. The second part covers the subject of identity and Louis’ quest to find out what and why he is. Next the issue of family within the vampyric world is examined using the family unit that Louis, Lestat and Claudia make as its basis. Lastly the question of why the ‘gender-free’ love which is present in Interview With The Vampire is important to the vampire genre is answered.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the vampire motif using the psychological framework of C. G. Jung, which suggests that the vampire is an expression of archetypal contents from the collective unconscious, and that vampire narratives are variations on the theme of Self. Having established the reasons why analytical psychology is a particularly suitable approach for investigating this kind of popular phenomenon, the examination of the vampire motif falls into three main areas. Dicounters with Shadow Vampires looks at vampires which display characteristics particularly associated with the shadow archetype. This section begins with an examination of the vampire in folklore, with particular attention to the Eastern European vampire, making a careful distinction between the vampire of folklote and the later vampire of Romantic literature. A modern example of this kind of vampire imagery is explored in the film Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horrors (1922). Encounters With Animus Vampires is a three part investigation of the vampire as an expression of the contrasexual archetype. The first, Creation: Origins qf the Modern Pampire, concentrates on the male vampire created by the Romantics. The second, Evohilion: Dracula the Novel, is a Jungian reading of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula. The third, Elaboration: Dracula the Movies, shows how the novel has been altered in the numerous film versions of that novel in a way which relates very closely to the prevailing culture of the time. Underworld Quests, is a two part examination of the quest'myth structures of more recent vampire films: The Lost Bgys and Near Dar (both from 1987) and Interview with the Vampire (1994). These are examples which particularly foreground this structure and where vampires, as contents from the unconscious, are read as heralding a new ofientation or possibility for the mortal hero.

Thesis (MA--Art and Design) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2003. / Also held in print (83 leaves, col. ill., 30 cm.) in Wellesley Theses Collection. (T 791.4572 GOI)

The vampire figure is very much a part of the literary landscape of today, and has been so for the last 200 years. The vampire has not always appeared as it does today, as the rich, urbane gentleman, but has its origins in old folklore legends. The idea that the vampire figure has changed over the course of history is not new, but instead of discussing the phenomena influencing, and changing, the vampire motif, this essay will try to shed light on the aspects of the folklore vampire that are still part of the vampire of today. By applying the theory of folklorism (folklore not in its original context, but rather the imitation of popular themes by another social class, or the creation of folklore for purposes outside the established tradition), presented by Hans Moser and Hermann Bausinger among others, this essay attempts to prove that the modern vampire is in fact a folklorism of the old folklore legends. The essay examines the more recent incarnation of the vampire, the literary vampire who emerged during the 18th and 19th century, with the intent to prove that, while it is different from its origin, it has several features in common with its ancestry as well. To show this, examples from Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), and the more recent novel Fangland (2007) by John Marks have been chosen to serve as basis for the analysis. Both novels clearly show instances where folklore has been brought into the narrative as a way to define and depict the vampire.

O morcego Desmodus rotundus é uma das três espécies de morcegos hematófagos existentes. Possui ampla distribuição, ocorrendo do sul do México até Argentina e Chile. Além de seu hábito alimentar incomum, esta espécie possui particular interesse por ser transmissor da raiva bovina. Apesar dos métodos de controle da população, estudos estimaram em até 33 milhões de dólares ao ano os prejuízos causados por esta espécie a pecuária no Brasil. Ao mesmo tempo, segundo dados oficiais, cerca de 200.000 indivíduos da espécie podem ter sido mortos no Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2000 através dos métodos de controle populacional. Além deste controle não surtir o efeito desejado (o número de casos de raiva não diminuiu no período), não se conhece qual o efeito desta matança nas populações naturais do morcego. Apesar de sua ampla distribuição e reconhecida variação morfológica, nenhum estudo foi realizado para procurar entender como a variabilidade genética desta espécie está distribuída geograficamente. Este estudo se propôs a estudar a filogeografia do morcego vampiro comum analisando um marcador mitocondrial, dois marcadores nucleares e morfometria de crânio. O marcador mitocondrial identificou cinco clados monofiléticos sem haplótipos compartilhados nem zonas de contato, cada um representando uma região geográfica diferente. São eles: Mata Atlântica sul (MAS), Mata Atlântica norte (MAN), Amazônia e Cerrado (AMC), América Central (AC) e Pantanal (PAN), sendo que os clados da Mata Atlântica formam um clado monofilético a Leste, se contrapondo aos demais clados a Oeste. Os índices de divergência entre estes clados são comparáveis a distâncias descritas para espécies congenéricas. Os tempos de divergência estimados entre os clados através de métodos coalescentes e não-coalescentes apontam para uma divergência pleistocênica, além de testes de neutralidade apoiarem a idéia de fragmentação por refúgios. O padrão biogeográfico descrito para D. rotundus possui um paralelo em uma série de outros organismos. Os marcadores nucleares por sua vez mostraram baixa variabilidade, e extenso compartilhamento de haplótipos entre as localidades pertencentes a distintos clados mitocondriais, num padrão que contrasta com os resultados descritos anteriormente. Simulações coalescentes foram realizadas com os parâmetros calculados para o gene nuclear RAG2 e mostraram compatibilidade entre os dados observados e vicariância pleistocênica para um marcador nuclear com o Ne calculados para D. rotundus. Os dados de morfometria de crânio mostraram que existe pouca diferenciação ao longo de toda a distribuição da espécie. Dados de Fst, funções discriminantes e variáveis canônicas mostram uma grande afinidade entre indivíduos dos clados AC e AMC, que juntos formam a distribuição de uma antiga subespécie atribuída a este táxon, Desmodus rotundus murinus. As análises de distância de Mahalanobis também são concordantes com os resultados obtido para o marcador mitondrial. Por fim, uma análise realizada com o software treescan mostra existir uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a árvore de DNA mitocondrial e os dados multivariados de crânio. Assim, por fim propõe-se que se reconheçam duas linhagens hoje atribuídas a D. rotundus como espécies distintas: uma a Leste (Mata Atlântica) e uma a Oeste. Uma amostragem mais cuidadosa do interior do Brasil e do restante da América do Sul deve determinar corretamente a área de ocorrência de cada espécie. / The bat Desmodus rotundus is one of the three extant vampire bat species. It has a broad distribution, occurring from southern México until Argentina and Chile. Besides its unique feeding habit, this species is of particular interest for being the main vector of cattle rabies. Even with population control methods, studies have estimated in 33 million dollars per year the damage caused by this bat to cattle farming in Brazil. At the same time 200.000 specimens might have been killed in São Paulo state in the year 2000 using the population control methods. Besides the fact that this control did not diminish the number of rabies cases, the impact of this killing in the bats\' natural populations is unknown. Although this species has a broad distribution and recognized morphological variation, no effort was made thus far to understand how this species\' genetic variability is distributed geographically. This work is aimed at studying the common vapire bats\' phylogeographic pattern using a mitochondrial marker, two nuclear markers and skull morphometrics. The mitochondrial marker identified five monophiletic clades without shared haplotypes or contact zones. Each clade represents a distinct geographic region: South Atlantic Forest (SAF), North Atlantic Forest (NAF), Amazon and Cerrado (AMC), Central America (CA) and Pantanal (PAN). The Atlantic Forest clades form an Eastern monophiletic clade opposing the other clade that lies westwards. The nucleotide divergence between these clades is similar to the one described to congeneric species. The divergence times estimated by coalescent and non-coalescent methods point to a Pleistocene vicariant event. The neutrality tests also point to refugia allopatric fragmentation. The biogegraphic pattern described for D. rotundus has a parallel in many other organisms. The nuclear markers showed low variability and sharing of haplotypes among all localities, contrasting with the previous results. Coalescent simulations were carried with populational parameters estimated for the nuclear gene RAG2 and showed compatibility between the observed data and Pleistocene vicariance effect on a neutral nuclear marker. Skull morphometrics showed low differentiation throughout the bats\' distribution. Data on Fst, discriminant functions and canonic variables shows affinity between CA and AMC clades. These two clades together form the distribution of a subspecies previously described to this taxon, Desmodus rotundus murinus. The Mahalanobis distance analyses are also congruent with the results obtained withn the nuclear marker. The analysis done with the software treescan shows a statistic significant correlation between the mtDNA tree and the skull multivariate data. On the basis of the results presented, it is proposed that two lineages currently atributed to D. rotundus are to be recognized as different species: one to the east (Atlantic Forest) and one to the west. A detailed sampling of the Brazilian and South American country will determine the exact range of each species.

This thesis is an examination of the evolution of blood ideology, which is to say the use of blood as an organizing metaphor, in Japanese society. I begin with the development of blood as a substance of significant in the eighth century and trace its development into a metaphor for lineage in the Tokugawa period. I discuss in detail blood's conceptual and rhetorical utility throughout the post-Restoration period, first examining its role in establishing a national subjectivity in reference to both the native intellectual tradition of the National Learning and the foreign hegemony of race. I then discuss the rationalization of popular and national bloodlines under the auspices of the popular eugenics movement, and the National Eugenics Bill. Then, I discuss the racialization this conception of blood inflicted on the Tokugawa era Outcastes, and its persistent consequences. Through the incongruity of the Outcastes ability to "pass" despite popular expectations that their blood pollution was visibly demonstrative, I introduce the notion of blood anxiety. Next, I address the conceptual and rhetorical role blood played in articulating Japan's empire and imperial ambitions, focusing on the Theory of Common Descent and the Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus report. I follow this discussion with a detailed examination of the postwar reconceptualization of national subjectivity, which demands native bloodlines and orthodox cultural expressions, and which effectively de-legitimized minority populations. As illustration of this point, I describe the impact of this new subjectivity on both the Zainichi and the Nikkeijin in lengthy case studies. Finally, I conclude this examination with a consideration of blood ideology's representation in popular culture. I argue that the subgenre of vampire media allegorizes many of the assumptions and anxieties surrounding blood that have developed since the Restoration, and demonstrates the imprint of blood ideology on contemporary society. / text