Electroencephalography is a medical diagnosis technique. It consists in measuring the biopotentials produced by the upper layers of the brain at various standardized places on the skull. Since the biopotentials produced by the upper parts of the brain have an amplitude of about one microvolt, the measurements performed by an EEG are exposed to many risks. Moreover, since the present tendency is measure those signals over periods of several hours, or even several days, human analysis of the recording becomes extremely long and difficult. The use of signal analysis techniques for the help of paroxysm detection with clinical interest within the electroencephalogram becomes therefore almost essential. However the performance of many automatic detection algorithms becomes significantly degraded by the presence of interference: the quality of the recordings is therefore fundamental. This thesis explores the benefits that electronics and signal processing could bring to electroencephalography, aiming at improving the signal quality and semi-automating the data processing. These two aspects are interdependent because the performance of any semi-automation of the data processing depends on the quality of the acquired signal. Special attention is focused on the interaction between these two goals and attaining the optimal hardware/software pair. This thesis offers an overview of the medical electroencephalographic acquisition chain and also of its possible improvements. The conclusions of this work may be extended to some other cases of biological signal amplification such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electromyogram (EMG). Moreover, such a generalization would be easier, because their signals have a wider amplitude and are therefore more resistant toward interference.

This thesis deals with acquisition and wireless transmission of EKG from isolated heart. Basic of heart anatomy and physiology are discussed in thesis. Practical part of thesis covers the idea of ECG acqusition system design and development. Arduino platform is used for implementation of proposed device. Evaluation of ECG is performed in Matlab workspace.

The thesis completes the current programming equipment for experimental measurement of isolated animal heart signals. It adds a block providing the pre-processing of the signals. The signals measured are the elektrogram (EG) and the action potential (AP). The origin of individual signals, the measuring method and the possibilities of noise elimination are dealt with in the theoretical part of the thesis. The practical part describes the pre-processing block securing the noise elimination during the AP. It uses accumulative methods of averaging the corresponding time periods of the AP. Based on the results of measuring the signal to noise ratio, the thesis suggests the most appropriate accumulative methods and their variables. In order for the chosen accumulative methods to work well, it is important to divide the AP process into sectors of corresponding shape (repeats). The connection between the EG and AP processes is used to determine the beginning and end of the sectors. These points are identified by the detection of R and T wave peaks in the EG. To detect the R and T waves, the thesis uses methods based on wavelet transform. The efficiency and accuracy of detection methods is verified by test EG signals with hand-marked R and T wave peaks.

Millimeter wave imaging systems are the next generation imaging systems being developed for security and surveillance purposes. In this work, thin film metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel junction based detector using Ni-NiO-Cr has been developed for the first time for millimeter wave detection operating at 94 GHz. Extensive process development has been carried out to fabricate the MIM junctions. Arrays of MIM junctions with 1 µm² contact area and ultra-thin insulator layer of ~3 nanometer have been developed using e-beam lithography and reactive sputtering, respectively. MIM diodes were also fabricated in a bulk-micromachined diaphragm configuration to minimize surface wave loss. DC and millimeter wave measurements were carried out on the fabricated diodes to determine the device characteristics and performance. The current-voltage (I-V) measurements yielded current in the range of few µA with significant non-linearity and asymmetry. A maximum sensitivity of 7 V-1 was also obtained from the fabricated diode. These tunnel junctions showed a positive response to millimeter wave signal, with output current in the range of few µA. By controlling the input power of the millimeter wave signal, the output current from the device could be varied. Additionally, MIM diodes with 100 µm² contact area were developed using optical lithography technique. The I-V characteristics of diode demonstrated a uniform behavior, with a sensitivity value of 15 V-1. Furthermore, the diodes were utilized to observe the effects of post-deposition annealing on the diode I-V behavior. The I-V measurement provided evidence of diode operation up to 350°C, with optimal operation at 250°C. Finally, the feasibility of using an organic insulator was also investigated. MIM junctions were fabricated with a thin layer of polyaniline using Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process. The electrical characteristics of the polyaniline based MIM junction was determined by evaluating its I-V response. The use of an alternate dielectric proved successful, yielding a significant non-linearity and asymmetry. However, the output current obtained from these junctions was in the order of nano-Amperes. By optimizing the deposition process, the organic MIM junctions can be developed to yield better device characteristics.

Electroencephalography is a medical diagnosis technique. It consists in measuring the biopotentials produced by the upper layers of the brain at various standardized places on the skull.<p><p>Since the biopotentials produced by the upper parts of the brain have an amplitude of about one microvolt, the measurements performed by an EEG are exposed to many risks.<p><p>Moreover, since the present tendency is measure those signals over periods of several hours, or even several days, human analysis of the recording becomes extremely long and difficult. The use of signal analysis techniques for the help of paroxysm detection with clinical interest within the electroencephalogram becomes therefore almost essential. However the performance of many automatic detection algorithms becomes significantly degraded by the presence of interference: the quality of the recordings is therefore fundamental. <p><p>This thesis explores the benefits that electronics and signal processing could bring to electroencephalography, aiming at improving the signal quality and semi-automating the data processing.<p><p>These two aspects are interdependent because the performance of any semi-automation of the data processing depends on the quality of the acquired signal. Special attention is focused on the interaction between these two goals and attaining the optimal hardware/software pair. <p><p>This thesis offers an overview of the medical electroencephalographic acquisition chain and also of its possible improvements.<p> <p>The conclusions of this work may be extended to some other cases of biological signal amplification such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electromyogram (EMG). Moreover, such a generalization would be easier, because their signals have a wider amplitude and are therefore more resistant toward interference.<p> / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This work deals with ECG signal measuring and methods of its processing. It compares some of the QRS detection methods and describes some of the testing databases. In this work a detector of QRS complex is realized, it is based on the approach of zero crossings. Next section makes combination of results from separate leads to one, which improves efficiency of detection. One section of this work deals with design and realization delination of ECG signal. In the last part outputs of this delineation are compared with the results of the other authors.

This thesis presents the research done towards the development of the final mirror suspension stage for the high power test facility at AIGO, Western Australia. One of the goals of the facility is to test advanced suspension methods that may be useful in future gravitational wave detectors. An in depth study of current mirror suspension techniques is presented and areas of possible improvement are highlighted. The extension of an existing suspension modelling toolkit written in Mathematica is also presented, where added functions allow one to include the violin modes of a suspension into their analysis. Through this tool, new suspension geometries boasting a lower number of violin modes with lower Q factors where developed. The orthogonal ribbon suspension and the thin tube suspension boast a lower number of lower Q violin modes compared to typical ribbon suspensions. For the latter, a reduction in the number of violin modes below 5kHz down to 5 and peak thermal noise amplitude by approximately 30dB is predicted. Presented also is the affect that such suspension geometries have on pendulum mode dilution factor and overall suspension thermal noise. It is seen that the violin mode improvement comes at a cost of a small increase in thermal noise above approximately 50Hz. A theoretical analysis of the AIGO cavity locking control scheme is also given. Issues of sensor noise and dynamic range are considered to produce a possible hierarchical locking method that would be compatible with advanced detectors. The resulting actuator force range requirements for AIGO at each actuation location on the vibration isolation system are given. Requirements of local controls before achieving cavity lock are also discussed. Finally, the suspension of a dummy sapphire mirror using removable modular niobium ribbons is presented. The design and performance of an electrostatic actuator and sensor for suspended mirror control is given. Initial experimental results of positioning and control of the final stage suspension through a digital interface is also included.

No description available.

The topic of this thesis is the theoretical analysis of theoptomechanical coupling effects in a high-finesse optical cavity, and the experimental realization of such a device.Radiation pressure exerted by light limits the sensitivity of high precision optical measurements. In particular, the sensitivity of interferometric measurements of gravitational wave is limited by the so called standard quantum limit. cavity with a movable mirror. The internal field stored in such cavity can be orders of magnitude greater than the input field, and it's radiation pressure force can change the physical length of the cavity. In turn, any change in the mirror's position changes the phase of the out put field. This optomechanical coupling leads to an intensity-dependent phase shift for thelight equivalent to an optical Kerr effect. Such a device can then be used for squeezing generation or quantum nondemolition measurements.In our experiment, we send a laser beam in to a high-finesse optical cavity with a movable mirror coated on a high Q-factor mechanical resonator. Quantum effects of radiation pressure become therefore, at low temperature, experimentally observable. However, we've shown that the phase of the reflected field is very sensitive to small mirror displacements, which indicate other possible applications of thistype of device like high precision displacements measurements. We've been able to observe the Brownian motion of the moving mirror. We've also used an auxiliary intensity modulated laser beam to optically excite the acoustic modes. We've finally obtained a sensitivity of2x10^(-19) m/sqrt(Hz), in agreement with theoretical prediction.

The ow of a liquid _lm over a rapidly rotating horizontal disk has numerous industrial applications including pharmaceuticals, chemical engineering, bioengineering, etc. The analysis and control of complex uid ows over a rapidly rotating horizontal disk is an important issue in the experimental uid mechanics. The spinning disk reactor exploits the bene_ts of centrifugal force, which produces thin highly sheared _lms due to radial acceleration. The hydrodynamics of the _lm results in excellent uid mixing and high heat or mass transfer rates. This work focuses on developing a novel approach for uid ow tracking and analysis. Speci_cally, the developed algorithm is able to detect the moving waves and compute controlling _lm ow parameters for the uid owing over a rotating disk. The input to this algorithm is an easily acquired non-invasive video data. It is shown that under single light illumination it is possible to track specular portion of the reected light on the moving wave. Hence, the uid wave motion can be tracked and uid ow parameters can be computed. The uid ow parameters include wave velocities, wave inclination angles, and distances between consecutive waves. Once the parameters are computed, their accuracy is analyzed and compared with the solutions of the mathematical uid dynamics models based on the Navier-Stokes equations for the case of a thin _lm. The uid model predicts wave characteristics based on directly measured controlling parameters, such as disk rotation speed and uid ow rate. It is shown that the calculated parameter values approximately coincide with the predicted ones. The average computed parameters were within 5 � 10% of the predicted values. In addition, given recovered uid characteristics and uid ow controlling parameters, full 3D wave description is obtained. That includes 3D wave location, speed, and distance between waves, as well as approximate wave thickness. Next, the developed approach is generalized to model-based recovery of uid ow controlling parameters: the speed of the spinning disk and the initial uid-ow rate. The search in space for model parameters is performed as to minimize the error between the ow characteristics predicted by the uid dynamics model (e.g. distance between waves, wave inclination angles) and parameters recovered from video data. Results demonstrate that the speed of a disk and the ow rate are recovered with high accuracy. When compared to the ground truth available from direct observation, we noted that the controlling parameters were estimated with less than 10% error.