This research follows the positive psychology to explore the synergies from playing multiple roles in Taiwanese banking employees¡¦ life to expand the scope of work-family field by developing a work-family facilitation scale through qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires. The antecedents and outcomes of work-family facilitation were also included to further examine needed resources from both work and family domains to support the better role performance in each domain. Two-stage survey study consisting separately 60 and 200 samples of each that was composed of three groups of samples (i.e. employees, their supervisors and spouses). Results revealed that, firstly, job autonomy as well as supportive supervisors help engender action- and development-based work-to-family facilitation; spouse practical support promote psychosocial-based family-to-work facilitation; Organisational citizenship behaviour were encouraged by development-based family-to-work facilitation. The insignificant results showed there may be other possible resources as well as consequences needed to be further uncovered, and the work-family facilitation scale is encouraged to be re-examined in the future. This study can not only measure the work-family facilitation but investigate the resources and outcomes relevant to the construct. Organisations may make good use of the mechanisms to re-allocate the current resources and practices to improve the effectiveness as well as convey the positive brand image to stakeholders.

Det moderna arbetslivet genomgår snabba och stora förändringar och ändrar  örutsättningarna för många yrkesgrupper i hur arbetet ska bedrivas på bästa och mest effektiva sätt. Detta får konsekvenser för olika yrkesgruppers arbetssituationer. En yrkesgrupp som inte har fått ett allt för nämnvärt fokus i forskningen kring förändrade arbetssituationer är HR-medarbetare. Syftet med den här studien är att öka förståelsen för hur HR-medarbetare upplever och hanterar sin arbetssituation utifrån arbetskrav och arbetsresurser. Tre frågeställningar har utformats för att omfamna och konkretisera syftet ytterligare. Studien baseras på fem utvalda respondenter, som arbetar som HR-generalister eller HR Business Partners. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av intervjuer och har utgått från en abduktiv ansats. Studien påvisar att det finns olika uppfattningar mellan HR-medarbetare om vilka resurser som anses viktiga i arbetet. Studien har även visat på att HR-medarbetare ställs inför höga arbetskrav i form av framför allt hög arbetsbelastning och stora rollkonflikter. Resultatet  visar att HR-medarbetarna vanligtvis hanterar svåra arbetssituationer genom problemfokuserade hanteringsstrategier. / The modern working life is going through big and rapid changes, which change the prerequisites for a lot of professions in how work should be conducted and utilized in best manners. This leads to consequences in the work situation for different professions. One profession that hasn’t a cquired a lot of focus in the research about changing work situations, is the HR Practitioners. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding in how HR Practitioners experience and manage their work situation from the basis of work demands and work resources. Three research questions have further been formed, with the aim to embrace and concrete the purpose of the study. The study is based on five selected candidates, who works as HR Generalists or HR Business Partners. The study has been conducted with a qualitative research method in the form of interviews and an abductive approach. The study demonstrates different opinions among the HR Practitioners about which kind of work resources that is considered most important at work. Results also show that HR Practitioners faces high work demands, mostly in the form of high work load and big role conflicts. Finally, the results show that HR Practitioners mostly apprehend and manage the severe work situations they face with a problem focused coping strategy.

[pt] O Modelo de Recursos e Demandas do Trabalho evidencia que as condições de trabalho são capazes de prever diferentes níveis de bem-estar no trabalho, como o Engajamento no Trabalho e a Adição ao Trabalho, duas formas de alto investimento de energia no trabalho. O Engajamento é a forma de funcionamento ótimo do trabalhador, marcado pelo prazer em trabalhar e a Adição é um sintoma de acometimento à saúde e o tempo investido no trabalho se deve a uma compulsão. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a relação em rede entre o Engajamento e a Adição com variáveis apontadas pela literatura como antecedentes: recursos e de-mandas do trabalho, trabalho significativo, autoeficácia ocupacional, redesenho do trabalho, oportunidades de redesenho do trabalho e personalidade. Para isso, foram realizados dois estudos. O primeiro analisou os recursos pessoais e o segundo, os recursos do trabalho. Para análise dos dados, foram realizadas análises de redes com as respectivas variáveis. Sobre os recursos pessoais, o trabalho significativo foi a variável mais fortemente associada ao Engajamento e a extroversão, associada a altos níveis de neuroticismo, apresentou papel importante no desenvolvimento da Adição. Quanto aos recursos e demandas do trabalho, os recursos do trabalho foram os principais antecedentes do Engajamento enquanto as demandas do trabalho foram os principais antecedentes da Adição. O estudo sugere que a principal forma de promover o Engajamento no Trabalho e prevenir a Adição ao Trabalho é o investimento em recursos do trabalho e a redução das demandas de trabalho. / [en] The Job Resources and Demands Model shows that working conditions can predict different levels of well-being at work, such as Work Engagement and Work Addiction, two forms of high energy investment in work. Work Engage-ment is the optimal way of functioning for the worker, marked by pleasure in working, and Work Addiction is a symptom of health impairment, where the time invested in work is due to compulsion. This research aimed to identify the network relationship between Work Engagement and Work Addiction with var-iables pointed out by the literature as antecedents: job resources and demands, meaningful work, occupational self-efficacy, job redesign, job redesign opportunities, and personality. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. The first analyzed personal resources, and the second analyzed job resources. Network analysis was performed on the data with their respective variables. Regarding personal resources, meaningful work was the most strongly associated variable with Work Engagement, and extraversion, associated with high levels of neurot-icism, played an important role in the development of Work Addiction. As for job resources and demands, job resources were the main antecedents of Work Engagement, while job demands were the main antecedents of Work Addiction. The study suggests that the main way to promote Work Engagement and prevent Work Addiction is to invest in job resources and reduce job demands.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

This thesis deals with the topic of work engagement. Firstly, various concepts of work engagement and approaches to measuring this concept are presented. Moreover, the context of engagement and its relations to important aspects of working life are being discussed. Lastly, links between work engagement and important organizational indicators of success are being outlined. The research project aims to determine relationships between selected work resources, work engagement and business performance, turnover and client satisfaction within the branch network of a Czech banking company. Research results showed a significant relationship between work engagement and all measured work resources. Part of the relationship between work resources and work engagement has been shown to be mediated through perceived meaningfulness of work. Furthermore, the significance of work engagement as a predictor of business performance was successfully verified. No significant correlations were found between work engagement, turnover and client satisfaction. Keywords work engagement, employee engagement, predictors, work resources, business performance, turnover, client satisfaction, meaningfulness of work

The roles of females have changed significantly over the past years as females increasingly are entering the labour market in South Africa. This resulted in females having to fulfil multiple roles simultaneously, for example being mother, wife and employee. Therefore the statement can be made that females have a work life and a family life to contend with. This can be enriching, seeing that these domains can generate experiences and resources, which females can use in other domains to enhance the quality. The general objective of this study was to explore various relationships that females experience between work resources, home resources, work engagement, family engagement and work-family enrichment. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. A combined purposive and convenience non-probability sample of female workers (N = 420) was taken across the spectrum of several industries in South Africa. Measuring instruments were used for biographical characteristics, work resources (self-developed), home resources (self-developed), work-family enrichment (MACE Work-Family Enrichment Instrument), work engagement (Utrecht Engagement Scale) and family engagement (adapted Utrecht Work Engagement Scale). Omegas and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to determine the reliability of the findings, while correlations were employed to identify significant relationships between the constructs. The dual work-family enrichment models and the mediating effect of the various dimensions of work-to-family enrichment, as well as family-to-work enrichment, were also tested by the Mplus statistical programme. Two models in which work-family enrichment and family-work enrichment act as mediators were also tested. The results indicated a positive statistical significant relationship between work resources, and work-family enrichment; also between home resources, and family-work enrichment; and between work-family enrichment and work engagement. However, a very small, but statistical significant, relationship was shown to exist between family-work enrichment and family engagement. Work-family enrichment also mediated the relationship, with a large effect, between work resources, with work engagement as outcome and family-work enrichment mediated the relationship, with a small effect, between home resources, with family engagement as outcome. Recommendations were made for organisations to follow up and for future research on the topic. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The roles of females have changed significantly over the past years as females increasingly are entering the labour market in South Africa. This resulted in females having to fulfil multiple roles simultaneously, for example being mother, wife and employee. Therefore the statement can be made that females have a work life and a family life to contend with. This can be enriching, seeing that these domains can generate experiences and resources, which females can use in other domains to enhance the quality. The general objective of this study was to explore various relationships that females experience between work resources, home resources, work engagement, family engagement and work-family enrichment. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. A combined purposive and convenience non-probability sample of female workers (N = 420) was taken across the spectrum of several industries in South Africa. Measuring instruments were used for biographical characteristics, work resources (self-developed), home resources (self-developed), work-family enrichment (MACE Work-Family Enrichment Instrument), work engagement (Utrecht Engagement Scale) and family engagement (adapted Utrecht Work Engagement Scale). Omegas and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to determine the reliability of the findings, while correlations were employed to identify significant relationships between the constructs. The dual work-family enrichment models and the mediating effect of the various dimensions of work-to-family enrichment, as well as family-to-work enrichment, were also tested by the Mplus statistical programme. Two models in which work-family enrichment and family-work enrichment act as mediators were also tested. The results indicated a positive statistical significant relationship between work resources, and work-family enrichment; also between home resources, and family-work enrichment; and between work-family enrichment and work engagement. However, a very small, but statistical significant, relationship was shown to exist between family-work enrichment and family engagement. Work-family enrichment also mediated the relationship, with a large effect, between work resources, with work engagement as outcome and family-work enrichment mediated the relationship, with a small effect, between home resources, with family engagement as outcome. Recommendations were made for organisations to follow up and for future research on the topic. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014