O setor agropecuário responde atualmente por cerca de 9,2% do Produto interno bruto (PIB) brasileiro, sendo que a cana-de-açúcar ocupa cerca de 9% da área cultivada, fato que lhe confere especial relevância com relação ao desenvolvimento nacional. Os dois produtos mais importantes desta cultura são o açúcar e o álcool etílico produzido por fermentação com leveduras. Durante o processo de fermentação alcoólica, o fermento sofre inúmeras reciclagens e interferências externas advindas do caldo, do ambiente e de outras fontes, tornando-se vulnerável à contaminação por outros microrganismos e mesmo leveduras indesejáveis. Métodos de monitoramento microbiológico que possibilitem a discriminação das linhagens de forma rápida e inequívoca, além de baratos, são altamente desejáveis. A utilização de meios diferenciais e seletivos, métodos bioquímicos e análise molecular tem se mostrado eficientes, porém são demorados e dispendiosos. A reação ‘killer’ é um fenômeno descoberto há 40 anos em S. cerevisiae, e resultados satisfatórios já foram obtidos na caracterização de leveduras, considerando-se o perfil de sensibilidade ‘killer’. O padrão de sensibilidade às toxinas killer foi utilizado nesse projeto em leveduras industriais (isoladas de processo fermentativo para produção de etanol). Os dados gerados com os testes de sensibilidade às toxinas Killer geraram polimorfismos entre as linhagens, mesmo em nível intra-específico, validando a metodologia na biotipagem das leveduras. As informações obtidas subsidiam o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de biotipagem aplicável para o monitoramento microbiológico na indústria sucro-alcooleira, com a seleção de nove leveduras killer contra as quais as leveduras industriais apresentaram um perfil característico de sensibilidade, dependendo do grupo ao qual pertencem (S. cerevisiae ou não Saccharomyces). Finalmente, vale citar que os testes foram corroborados pelos resultados obtidos com a taxonomia clássica e pelos métodos de biologia molecular com reações de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) e RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphism DNA). / Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of Brazil. The sugar cane occupies 9% of the cultivated area in this country. The most important products from the sugar cane industry are sugar and alcohol, the latest produced by fermentative process by yeasts. During the fermentation the yeast population changes due to the interferences coming from the sugar cane juice or other sources, turning the process susceptible to undesirable contaminations. In this way, fast, reliable and cheap methods for microbiological monitoring can be helpful. Selective culture media, biochemical tests and molecular analyses have been used but they are time-consuming or expensive. The killer phenomenon discovered initially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown interesting results to yeast biotyping. The sensibility pattern to different killer toxins was used to make a "fingerprinting" and successfully separate different strains of yeasts. This method was corroborated by classical taxonomy and molecular biology results (PCR and RAPD-PCR). The results obtained gives support to development of a methodology useful on fermenting microbiologic monitoring with the selection of nine strains of killers yeasts with highly discrimination between industrial bakker yeasts and contaminants of the fermentation process.

Li Mei-yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-106). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Contents --- p.vi / Introduction: Questions about Reading --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Waiting for Godot and the Issue of Absurdity --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- At the Hawk's Well and the Drama of the Interior --- p.59 / Conclusion --- p.90 / Note --- p.100 / Works Cited --- p.101

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX213068.

Accompanying materials housed with archival copy. / This project focuses on the prosody of three major poets, William Blake, W. B. Yeats, and T. S. Eliot. It explores the relationship between each poet's poetic sound structures and his spiritual aims. The project argues that in Blake's prophetic poems The Four Zoas, Milton, and Jerusalem, in Yeats's middle and late poetry, and in Eliot's post-conversion poetry, the careful structuring of the non-semantic features of language serves to model a process through which one may arrive at the threshold of a spiritual reality. / The introductory chapter situates these poets' works within the genre of mystical writing; establishes the epistemological nature of poetic sound and its relationship to mystical expression; considers the historical and personal exigencies that influence each poet's prosodic choices; and outlines the prosodic method by which their poetry is scanned. Chapter one addresses William Blake's efforts to re-vision Milton's Christian epic Paradise Lost by means of a logaoedic prosody intended to move the reader from a rational to a spiritual perception of the self and the world. Chapter two considers the development of W.B. Yeats's contrapuntal prosody as integral to his attempt to make of himself a modern poet and to his antithetical mystical philosophy. Chapter three explores the liminal prosody of T. S. Eliot by which he creates an incantatory movement that points to a spiritual reality behind material reality. The project concludes with a consideration of the spiritual aims of Gerard Manley Hopkins and H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) and posits a revaluation of Hopkins' sprung rhythm and H.D.'s revisionary chain of sound as prosodic practices intrinsic to their spiritual aims.

The writing style of a number of authors writing in English was empirically investigated for the purpose of detecting stylistic patterns in relation to advancing age. The aim was to identify the type of stylistic markers among lexical, syntactical, phonemic, entropic, character-based, and content ones that would be most able to discriminate between early, middle, and late works of the selected authors, and the best classification or prediction algorithm most suited for this task. Two pilot studies were initially conducted. The first one concentrated on Christina Georgina Rossetti and Edgar Allan Poe from whom personal letters and poetry were selected as the genres of study, along with a limited selection of variables. Results suggested that authors and genre vary inconsistently. The second pilot study was based on Shakespeare's plays using a wider selection of variables to assess their discriminating power in relation to a past study. It was observed that the selected variables were of satisfactory predictive power, hence judged suitable for the task. Subsequently, four experiments were conducted using the variables tested in the second pilot study and personal correspondence and poetry from two additional authors, Edna St Vincent Millay and William Butler Yeats. Stepwise multiple linear regression and regression trees were selected to deal with the first two prediction experiments, and ordinal logistic regression and artificial neural networks for two classification experiments. The first experiment revealed inconsistency in accuracy of prediction and total number of variables in the final models affected by differences in authorship and genre. The second experiment revealed inconsistencies for the same factors in terms of accuracy only. The third experiment showed total number of variables in the model and error in the final model to be affected in various degrees by authorship, genre, different variable types and order in which the variables had been calculated. The last experiment had all measurements affected by the four factors. Examination of whether differences in method within each task play an important part revealed significant influences of method, authorship, and genre for the prediction problems, whereas all factors including method and various interactions dominated in the classification problems. Given the current data and methods used, as well as the results obtained, generalizable conclusions for the wider author population have been avoided.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T12:23:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2597204 bytes, checksum: 93adc2c2f6c11eb964b51941bf768654 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T12:23:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2597204 bytes, checksum: 93adc2c2f6c11eb964b51941bf768654 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Heavy chains had been keeping Ireland attached to the English colonial system. During seven hundred years, Ireland had been fighting for its political, military, financial and religious independence. The nationalists, arising from the process of seeking for sovereignty, had idealized on the historical roots and on the necessary weaponry for their national project to succeed. This path, nonetheless, pervaded the Celts, the people that became the nation’s spirit for the national movement. Thus, the myths, tales and ancient Gaulish folk tales were freshend. Literature became one of the most important pillars for Ireland’s independence enterprise. William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) founds the Celtic Twilight characterized by a group that started, in short, the presentation of the Irish people, by emphasizing to the Celtic inheritance over culture though drama. By this time, Yeats writes The Countess Cathleen, a play that opens both Celtic Twilight and Abbey Theater, in Ireland. The plot presents the conflicts of a community devasted by starvation. It spins around a heroic character, Countless Cathleen, the action evolves with the appeal for the nationalist sacrifice. By offering her soul towards the country people, Cathleen evokes pagan and Christian myths, in a plot that inspires historical facts and political ideals. In this scenario, our work has for its purpose to investigate the building of Cathleen as an Irish heroin, and the folkloric tales used by Yeats during this learning process of this main character for the play, during the action. For this, we turn to theorists like Propp (1984), Sperber (2009), Campbell (2007), Bettelheim (2012). Due to the Romantic aesthetics overlaid Yeat’s plot, we also had to carry a historical and theoretical analysis on Romantic movement main aspects, especially the movement that brought to life medieval feelings through the Medieval Revival during the nineteenth century. The analysis is built as symbolic and allegorical literature reflecting , respectively , the engagement of the work to the Celtic folklore and the political purpose of the nationalist struggle waged by Yeats / Pesadas correntes mantinham a Irlanda presa ao sistema colonial inglês. Durante setecentos anos, os irlandeses lutaram por sua independência política, militar, financeira e religiosa. Os nacionalistas, resultado do processo de busca pela soberania, idealizaram nas raízes históricas do país as armas necessárias para que seu projeto nacional tivesse êxito. Esse caminho, porém, perpassava pelos Celtas, povo que se tornou para o movimento nacionalista o espírito da nação. Sendo assim, os mitos, os contos e as lendas folclóricas ancestrais gaulesas foram revividas. A literatura se tornou um dos pilares mais importes no projeto de independência da Irlanda. William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) funda a Renascença Celta que ficou caracterizada como um grupo que começou de forma concisa a representação do povo irlandês, dando ênfase à herança céltica na cultura através da dramaturgia. Com isso, Yeats escreve The Countess Cathleen, peça do dramaturgo que inaugura a Renascença Celta e o Abbey Theater, na Irlanda. A trama encena os conflitos de uma comunidade devastada pela fome. Centralizada em uma personagem heróica, a Condessa Cathleen, a ação desenvolve-se como apelo ao sacrifício nacionalista. Ao ofertar sua alma em prol dos camponeses, Cathleen evoca mitos pagãos e cristãos, numa trama que mimetiza fatos históricos e ideais políticos. Diante desse cenário, nosso trabalho teve como proposta investigar a construção de Cathleen enquanto heroína irlandesa e como os contos folclóricos Celtas foram utilizados por Yeats nesse processo de aprendizado da personagem central da peça durante a ação. Para isso, nos voltamos a teóricos como Propp (1984), Sperber (2009), Campbell (2007), Bettelheim (2012). Devido à estética Romântica que reveste a trama de Yeats, tivemos ainda que fazer uma análise histórica e teórica dos principais pontos Romantismo, principalmente o movimento que reviveu no século XIX os valores e sentimentos medievais através do Medieval Revival. A análise constrói-se, como uma literatura simbólica e alegórica refletindo, respectivamente, o débito da obra ao folclore Celta e ao propósito político da luta nacionalista travada por Yeats.

O setor agropecuário responde atualmente por cerca de 9,2% do Produto interno bruto (PIB) brasileiro, sendo que a cana-de-açúcar ocupa cerca de 9% da área cultivada, fato que lhe confere especial relevância com relação ao desenvolvimento nacional. Os dois produtos mais importantes desta cultura são o açúcar e o álcool etílico produzido por fermentação com leveduras. Durante o processo de fermentação alcoólica, o fermento sofre inúmeras reciclagens e interferências externas advindas do caldo, do ambiente e de outras fontes, tornando-se vulnerável à contaminação por outros microrganismos e mesmo leveduras indesejáveis. Métodos de monitoramento microbiológico que possibilitem a discriminação das linhagens de forma rápida e inequívoca, além de baratos, são altamente desejáveis. A utilização de meios diferenciais e seletivos, métodos bioquímicos e análise molecular tem se mostrado eficientes, porém são demorados e dispendiosos. A reação ‘killer’ é um fenômeno descoberto há 40 anos em S. cerevisiae, e resultados satisfatórios já foram obtidos na caracterização de leveduras, considerando-se o perfil de sensibilidade ‘killer’. O padrão de sensibilidade às toxinas killer foi utilizado nesse projeto em leveduras industriais (isoladas de processo fermentativo para produção de etanol). Os dados gerados com os testes de sensibilidade às toxinas Killer geraram polimorfismos entre as linhagens, mesmo em nível intra-específico, validando a metodologia na biotipagem das leveduras. As informações obtidas subsidiam o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de biotipagem aplicável para o monitoramento microbiológico na indústria sucro-alcooleira, com a seleção de nove leveduras killer contra as quais as leveduras industriais apresentaram um perfil característico de sensibilidade, dependendo do grupo ao qual pertencem (S. cerevisiae ou não Saccharomyces). Finalmente, vale citar que os testes foram corroborados pelos resultados obtidos com a taxonomia clássica e pelos métodos de biologia molecular com reações de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) e RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphism DNA). / Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of Brazil. The sugar cane occupies 9% of the cultivated area in this country. The most important products from the sugar cane industry are sugar and alcohol, the latest produced by fermentative process by yeasts. During the fermentation the yeast population changes due to the interferences coming from the sugar cane juice or other sources, turning the process susceptible to undesirable contaminations. In this way, fast, reliable and cheap methods for microbiological monitoring can be helpful. Selective culture media, biochemical tests and molecular analyses have been used but they are time-consuming or expensive. The killer phenomenon discovered initially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown interesting results to yeast biotyping. The sensibility pattern to different killer toxins was used to make a “fingerprinting” and successfully separate different strains of yeasts. This method was corroborated by classical taxonomy and molecular biology results (PCR and RAPD-PCR). The results obtained gives support to development of a methodology useful on fermenting microbiologic monitoring with the selection of nine strains of killers yeasts with highly discrimination between industrial bakker yeasts and contaminants of the fermentation process.

<p>A collection of poems navigating and negotiating the powerful mythological forces in the speaker’s life, from Irish revolutionary history to “canonical” literary figures to American comic books. These poems ask the reader to consider how language, narrative, and art shape the world, and so how we come to know ourselves through the texts—no matter their form or shape—we encounter.</p>

Accompanying materials housed with archival copy.

No description available.