This paper is an exploration of the theme of pilgrimage in the following three works: Gan&dotbelow;d&dotbelow;vyuha, Journey to the West and The Life of Marpa the Translator. / Through an examination of the narrative structure of the texts, I derive a pattern which is consistent throughout these three Mahayana works. This pattern is then compared to the Mahayana doctrine of Two Truths, which is shown to be expressed by the literary pilgrimage. Finally, by exploring the ways in which these texts 'work' on the reader---both by seeing the protagonist go through the stages of Buddhist practice and through the reader's interaction with the text---I show how reading these stories can act as a transformative Buddhist practice.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2008. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93). Also available online.

Um dos maiores santos de devoção popular no Brasil – principalmente no Nordeste -, Padre Cícero Romão Batista foi e continua sendo um personagem capaz de suscitar muitas polêmicas dentro da Igreja Católica e no meio acadêmico brasileiro. É objeto de diversas pesquisas e sua vida suscita as mais diferentes interpretações. Inserindo-nos dentro do universo de estudos e debates acadêmicos que tem Pe. Cícero e sua devoção como temática, neste trabalho procuramos analisar sua vida e trajetória social, assim como o processo através do qual ele se converteu num importante líder religioso e, subsequentemente, num santo de devoção popular. O trabalho se inicia com uma análise de sua trajetória e vida social desde sua infância, passando por sua formação sacerdotal, sua ordenação, sua decisão de tornar-se capelão de Juazeiro do Norte e seus primeiros dezoito anos de capelania naquele povoado. Num segundo momento abordamos como o evento conhecido como o “milagre de 1889” influenciou e teve conseqüências para sua vida e a do Juazeiro, transformando esse lugar num importante centro de peregrinação no Nordeste e Pe. Cícero num grande líder religioso no Brasil das primeiras décadas do século XX.Interessa-nos também compreender como se desenvolveu a relação de Padre Cícero com seus seguidores – usualmente conhecidos como romeiros ou afilhados – pelos quais passou a ser tratado como o Padrinho Cícero. Por fim analisamos como se desenvolveu após sua morte o culto a sua santidade, notadamente em torno do Juazeiro sagrado e de suas romarias. / One of the most popular devotion saints in Brazil – especially in the northeast side of the country -, Padre Cícero Romão Batista was and keep being a personage able to raise a storm of controversies inside the Catholic Church and the Brazilian academic sphere. He is the object of many investigations and his life causes most different interpretations. This thesis analyzes his life and his social trajectory, as well as the process through he turned into an important religious leader and, subsequently, into a popular devotion saint. The introduce of this work is an analysis of his life and his social trajectory from a child to his priestly standing, his ordination, his decision to become Juazeiro do Norte´s priest and his first eighteen years of chaplainship there. Afterwards, it is studied how the well known happening “miracle of 1889” affected and brought consequences to his and Juazeiro´s life, changing this place into an important pilgrimage center in the northeast side of the country and Pe. Cícero into a religious leader in Brazil in the first decades of century XX.It´s interesting to comprehend how the relationship between Padre Cícero and his followers has grown – usually known as pilgrims or godsons – who call him Padrinho Cícero. In conclusion, the development of the worship to his sanctity after his death is examined, around sacred Juazeiro and its pilgrimages.

Um dos maiores santos de devoção popular no Brasil – principalmente no Nordeste -, Padre Cícero Romão Batista foi e continua sendo um personagem capaz de suscitar muitas polêmicas dentro da Igreja Católica e no meio acadêmico brasileiro. É objeto de diversas pesquisas e sua vida suscita as mais diferentes interpretações. Inserindo-nos dentro do universo de estudos e debates acadêmicos que tem Pe. Cícero e sua devoção como temática, neste trabalho procuramos analisar sua vida e trajetória social, assim como o processo através do qual ele se converteu num importante líder religioso e, subsequentemente, num santo de devoção popular. O trabalho se inicia com uma análise de sua trajetória e vida social desde sua infância, passando por sua formação sacerdotal, sua ordenação, sua decisão de tornar-se capelão de Juazeiro do Norte e seus primeiros dezoito anos de capelania naquele povoado. Num segundo momento abordamos como o evento conhecido como o “milagre de 1889” influenciou e teve conseqüências para sua vida e a do Juazeiro, transformando esse lugar num importante centro de peregrinação no Nordeste e Pe. Cícero num grande líder religioso no Brasil das primeiras décadas do século XX.Interessa-nos também compreender como se desenvolveu a relação de Padre Cícero com seus seguidores – usualmente conhecidos como romeiros ou afilhados – pelos quais passou a ser tratado como o Padrinho Cícero. Por fim analisamos como se desenvolveu após sua morte o culto a sua santidade, notadamente em torno do Juazeiro sagrado e de suas romarias. / One of the most popular devotion saints in Brazil – especially in the northeast side of the country -, Padre Cícero Romão Batista was and keep being a personage able to raise a storm of controversies inside the Catholic Church and the Brazilian academic sphere. He is the object of many investigations and his life causes most different interpretations. This thesis analyzes his life and his social trajectory, as well as the process through he turned into an important religious leader and, subsequently, into a popular devotion saint. The introduce of this work is an analysis of his life and his social trajectory from a child to his priestly standing, his ordination, his decision to become Juazeiro do Norte´s priest and his first eighteen years of chaplainship there. Afterwards, it is studied how the well known happening “miracle of 1889” affected and brought consequences to his and Juazeiro´s life, changing this place into an important pilgrimage center in the northeast side of the country and Pe. Cícero into a religious leader in Brazil in the first decades of century XX.It´s interesting to comprehend how the relationship between Padre Cícero and his followers has grown – usually known as pilgrims or godsons – who call him Padrinho Cícero. In conclusion, the development of the worship to his sanctity after his death is examined, around sacred Juazeiro and its pilgrimages.

Um dos maiores santos de devoção popular no Brasil – principalmente no Nordeste -, Padre Cícero Romão Batista foi e continua sendo um personagem capaz de suscitar muitas polêmicas dentro da Igreja Católica e no meio acadêmico brasileiro. É objeto de diversas pesquisas e sua vida suscita as mais diferentes interpretações. Inserindo-nos dentro do universo de estudos e debates acadêmicos que tem Pe. Cícero e sua devoção como temática, neste trabalho procuramos analisar sua vida e trajetória social, assim como o processo através do qual ele se converteu num importante líder religioso e, subsequentemente, num santo de devoção popular. O trabalho se inicia com uma análise de sua trajetória e vida social desde sua infância, passando por sua formação sacerdotal, sua ordenação, sua decisão de tornar-se capelão de Juazeiro do Norte e seus primeiros dezoito anos de capelania naquele povoado. Num segundo momento abordamos como o evento conhecido como o “milagre de 1889” influenciou e teve conseqüências para sua vida e a do Juazeiro, transformando esse lugar num importante centro de peregrinação no Nordeste e Pe. Cícero num grande líder religioso no Brasil das primeiras décadas do século XX.Interessa-nos também compreender como se desenvolveu a relação de Padre Cícero com seus seguidores – usualmente conhecidos como romeiros ou afilhados – pelos quais passou a ser tratado como o Padrinho Cícero. Por fim analisamos como se desenvolveu após sua morte o culto a sua santidade, notadamente em torno do Juazeiro sagrado e de suas romarias. / One of the most popular devotion saints in Brazil – especially in the northeast side of the country -, Padre Cícero Romão Batista was and keep being a personage able to raise a storm of controversies inside the Catholic Church and the Brazilian academic sphere. He is the object of many investigations and his life causes most different interpretations. This thesis analyzes his life and his social trajectory, as well as the process through he turned into an important religious leader and, subsequently, into a popular devotion saint. The introduce of this work is an analysis of his life and his social trajectory from a child to his priestly standing, his ordination, his decision to become Juazeiro do Norte´s priest and his first eighteen years of chaplainship there. Afterwards, it is studied how the well known happening “miracle of 1889” affected and brought consequences to his and Juazeiro´s life, changing this place into an important pilgrimage center in the northeast side of the country and Pe. Cícero into a religious leader in Brazil in the first decades of century XX.It´s interesting to comprehend how the relationship between Padre Cícero and his followers has grown – usually known as pilgrims or godsons – who call him Padrinho Cícero. In conclusion, the development of the worship to his sanctity after his death is examined, around sacred Juazeiro and its pilgrimages.

Il s'agira d'étudier plus précisément le refuge huguenot ‘’nordiste’’' qui s'est créé en Hollande des années 1580 au milieu du XVIIème siècle. Le protestantisme était très actif et dynamique dans les anciens Pays-Bas. Les classes sociales les plus actives étaient souvent protestantes. Suite à la révolte des Pays-Bas qui éclata en 1566, la répression espagnole provoqua des départs forcés vers l'Angleterre et les Pays-Bas. A Leyde, après la levée du siège espagnol et la libération de la ville en 1574 des réfugiés protestants issus des Pays-Bas du sud, encore espagnols, vinrent s'installer dans cette ville. Notre objectif est d’étudier ces réfugiés issus des territoires constituant actuellement le Nord-Pas de Calais et plus particulièrement la châtellenie de Lille, en analysant leur origine sociale, leur migration et leur activité à Leyde. Nous étudierons leur intégration dans la société d'accueil, leur apport au dynamisme des Pays-Bas et de la ville de Leyde en particulier, leur contribution à l’Age d’Or culturel des Pays-Bas. Par ailleurs les Eglises du refuge avaient gardé des liens avec les communautés restées en France. Des réfugiés issus de ces territoires ont eu une destinée exceptionnelle. Certains sont partis de Leyde vers le nouveau monde et ont contribué au peuplement de l'Amérique et de l’Afrique du Sud, créant notamment New-York. Nous chercherons également à dresser un inventaire plus complet de ces destinées exceptionnelles. Compte tenu de l’étendue du sujet nous insisterons principalement sur la châtellenie de Lille. / It is relevant to study more specifically the Huguenot '' northerner '' refuge which was created in Holland on 1580s to the mid-seventeenth century. Protestantism was very active and dynamic in the old Holland. The most active social classes were often Protestant. Following the revolt of the Netherlands which erupted in 1566, the Spanish repression provoked forced departures to England and the Netherlands. In Leiden, after the lifting of the Spanish siege and the liberation of the city in 1574 Protestant refugees from the Netherlands from the south, still Spanish, came to settle in this city. Moreover the end of persecution, stopping persecution in the country had allowed the return of some of them. The aim is to study these refugees from those territories which constitut now the Nord-Pas de Calais and specially the châtellenie of Lille. In doing so, their social origin will be analysed, as well as their migration and the activities in Leiden. It is relevant to study their integration into the host society, their contribution to the vitality of the Netherlands and the city of Leiden in particular, their contribution to the cultural Golden Age of the Netherlands. Besides the churches of refuge had maintained ties with communities remained in France. Some refugees from these territories had an exceptional destiny. Some left Leiden to the New World and contributed to the populating of America and South Africa, including the creation of New York. It will also provide a more complete inventory of these exceptional destinies.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoel_confrontado.pdf: 1429618 bytes, checksum: ec8d00aadc3aff1500e8331a47e6a2d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-09 / This dissertation treats of Father Cícero's History, who lived between 1844 and 1934, in Ceará. Juazeiro was the village where he was a Priest, staying there until his your death. He built the church of Our Lady of the Pains, without, however, being the pastor. His presence would have been the one of a shepherd dedicated to the flock, exactly what the Church asked him, don't root the "Miracle" of the Host bloody in the bigot's mouth of the pious Maria de Araújo. This fact would transform Father Cicero´s life and subsequently make Juazeiro, into the Holly City, that attracts crowds of Pilgrims, who came from everywhere. Father Cícero saw himself, then, involved in many conflicts. Always missunderstood he was seen as a curse by the Church. In practice, he was "excommunicated ", however, he was not aware of any formal excommunication. Simultaneously protected and condemned by many, it was the pilgrims however, who sustained the favoravle reputation of Father Cícero and Juazeiro, by fidelity and peaceful resistance. The desire of historical rehabilitation, both pastoral and ecclesiastical grew inside the Catholic Church. In an official way, the Vatican´s request, coordinated by the diocesan Bishop, Dom Fernando Panico, started the process of historical rehabilitation of Father Cícero. Looking for the reasons that reasons that motivated the change of the "curse into the pastoral reception , was the major objective of our research / Esta dissertação trata da História do Padre Cícero, que viveu entre 1844 e 1934 no Ceará. Juazeiro foi o lugarejo para onde foi como Padre, permanecendo aí até a sua morte. Apesar de ter construído a Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora das Dores nunca foi seu vigário. Sua presença teria sido a de um pastor dedicado ao rebanho, justamente naquilo que a Igreja lhe pedia, não fosse o Milagre da hóstia ensangüentada na boca da beata Maria de Araújo. Este fato haveria de transtornar a vida de Padre Cícero e em conseqüência disso transformou Juazeiro na Cidade Santa, que atrai multidões de Romeiros vindos de toda parte. Padre Cícero viu-se então envolvido em muitos conflitos. Sempre alvo de muitas incompreensões, foi tido como anátema pela Igreja. Na prática, foi excomungado , apesar de não ter tomado conhecimento do documento de excomunhão chegado para ele. Defendido e condenado ao mesmo tempo por muitos, foram, no entanto, os romeiros que sustentaram essa história de Padre Cícero e do Juazeiro com muita fidelidade e resistência pacífica. O desejo de reabilitação histórica, pastoral e eclesial cresceu dentro da própria Igreja Católica. De forma oficial, a pedido do Vaticano e coordenado pelo seu Bispo diocesano, Dom Fernando Panico, abre-se o processo de reabilitação histórica de Padre Cícero. Buscar as razões que proporcionaram a mudança do anátema ao acolhimento pastoral foi o grande objetivo de nossa pesquisa

The global increase in the number of mass gatherings and crowded events has brought with it new emergencies and unintended consequences for public administrators and first responders. Crowd managers attempt to overcome these challenges by enhancing operations, alleviating financial losses, keeping event organizers safe from liability and, most importantly, keeping the attendees safe. Effective communication among and between officials and guests has been identified as a key element in this process. However, there is a lack of risk communication studies, especially about heterogeneous crowds that congregate at religious events. With this gap in mind, this research aims to investigate the use of major communication channels available and/or preferred by Muslim pilgrims in Makkah, Saudi Arabia during Hajj to gauge their effectiveness in communicating risk information. This annual religious pilgrimage was chosen because it attracts over 2 million pilgrims from more than 140 countries, most of whom speak different languages and belong to different cultures but perform the same rituals at the same time. This dissertation seeks to answer three broad research questions: “what are the most popular communication channels used by pilgrims,” “what are the weaknesses of the current communication strategies,” and “what can be done to improve risk communication among pilgrims, and between pilgrims and authorities to enhance crowd control and crowd management strategies.” The protective action decision model (PADM) is used as the theoretical framework to understand the influence of six factors (environmental cues, social cues, information sources, channel access and preferences, warning messages, and receiver characteristics) on risk communication. In collaboration with the Transportation and Crowd Management Center of Research Excellence (TCMCORE) of Saudi Arabia, a convenience sampling strategy was employed to interview 348 pilgrims in the Prophet’s Mosque area, during the Hajj of 2013. The surveys were conducted in Arabic and English and included pilgrims from different backgrounds and countries. Data analysis included an evaluation of the correlation between the use of risk communication channels and receiver characteristics, message content, and information sources. Findings highlight low percentages in the overall use of communication channels. It also demonstrated an over-dependence on channels that foster the passive top-down communication strategy (such as TV stations, messages at mosques, billboard, text messages, and pamphlets), while marginalizing channels that foster the horizontal and bottom-up strategies (such as bilingual staff outreach and social media). The findings also show the differences in risk communication channels used by pilgrims from different socio-demographic groups. The study concludes that adopting bottom-up and horizontal strategies is key to effective risk communication. Additionally, crowd managers must recognize the importance of social media and use this medium more proactively. They can also work towards increasing the overall effectiveness of risk communication channels by addressing the impact of information sources, channel access, and receiver characteristics to better suit the needs of pilgrims. Finally, the study states the limitations and future research directions.

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This thesis addresses Constantine's developments of the Roman province of Palaestina. It analyzes two important Christian bishops, Eusebius of Caesarea and Cyril of Jerusalem, and one nameless Christian traveler, the Bordeaux pilgrim, to illuminate how fourth-century Christians understood these developments. This study examines the surviving writings of these Christian authors: the Bordeaux Itinerary, Cyril's Catechetical Lectures, and Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History, Onomasticon, Preparation of the Gospel, Proof of the Gospel, and the Life of Constantine, and the archaeological remains of several Constantinian basilicas to interpret their views of the imperial attentions that were being poured into the land. Together these accounts provide views of fourth-century Palaestina and Jerusalem that when combined more fully illuminate how Christians understood Constantine's Holy Land policy. This study focuses on Constantine's developments of the city of Jerusalem, primarily the so-called Triad of Churches (The church of the Nativity, the Eleona, and the Holy Sepulchre) built in and around the city. It likewise considers the countryside of Palaestina outside of Jerusalem. While some Christians were resistant to the developments of Jerusalem, our sources reveal how many Christians supported, or at least desired to experience, the newly developing Christian Holy Land. This thesis argues that most of the discrepancies over the city of Jerusalem between our sources, especially Eusebius and Cyril, developed from long-standing political tensions between the cities of Caesarea and Jerusalem. The Bordeaux pilgrim, on the other hand, traveled across the Roman Empire to see and experience the developing sites throughout the land with no interest in local political debates. With this added perspective we can see how Christians, separated from the positions of church fathers, experienced the developing Holy Land.