This thesis used ACSI model as a theoretical basis, which is a cause-and-effect model, to measure the quality of goods or service that starts from “customer expectations” to “customer satisfaction”. The purpose of this thesis is to find a suitable model for developing the customer satisfaction of No.2 bus service, by examining the relationships between perceived quality, customer expectation, perceived value and customer satisfaction in ACSI model. According to the data from survey of the international students in Gävle University, who lives in Sätra of Gävle of Sweden, this thesis used the partial least squares (PLS) regression to estimates the ASCI model. As a result, the coefficients of each variable and R-square statistics indicate that the relationships between PQ, CE, CS and PV are very weak; PV should be ignored in the case. Therefore, the ACSI model in this case had been revised, and the conclusion can be drawn: the ACSI model was unsuitable for No.2 bus case, furthermore, this study presents a new model for No.2, which is “customer expectation—perceived quality—customer satisfaction”. Consequently, the X-traffic Company should know the customers expectation and provide the service which can meet customer needs. By expanding previous research and based on ACSI model, the study empirically examines the relationships between three customer satisfaction dimensions.

The Morse/Long Range (MLR) potential has become one of the most reliable and highly used potential energy functions for diatomic molecules. It includes the theoretical long range behaviour that diatomic molecules are known to exhibit as they approach the dissociation limit. Heavy alkali metals with adjacent electronic states often exhibit strong coupling between the spin and orbital angular momentum. The ground state X¹Σg⁺ and the lowest lying triplet state aᶟΣᵤ⁺ of Cs₂ exhibit such coupling effects and as a result, modeling the highest vibrational states of these states is a non-trivial problem. Utilizing scattering length values obtained from published analysis of 60 Feshbach resonances, the correct form of the potential energy function was determined. Moreover, the scattering length values were used to determine the correct leading dispersion coefficient that describes the true form of the long-range potential energy functions. All previous attempts to determine global potential energy functions for these states have considered only the optical spectroscopic data. This is the first ever effort attempting to use scattering lengths determined from cold atom collision experiments in a combined analysis with conventional spectroscopic data.

This study mainly concentrates on the exchange rate problems between Taiwan and China, so cross-strait economic and the evolution of exchange rate regulation regime would be the first work so as to provide some policy suggestions about the cross-strait trading settlement .The empirical work has two parts. The first part is examining the Currency Substitution(CS) of Taiwan, then uses Cointergration and Vector Estimate Correction Model for the short and long run condition. Currency Substitution would cause the volatility of exchange rate, and the next procedure is using the Markov Regime Switch Model to analyze the exchange rate of two countries from 03 January,1994 to 30 April,2012. The main purpose of this study is examining whether the two markets have a significant regime switch or not, then the empirical result finds that both markets have regime switch .Considering the difference of exchange rate regime in two countries, the decision of the cross rate becomes more prudent because China authority may underestimate the exchange to disturb the export of Taiwan.

No description available.

This thesis describes the physics, design, and construction of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. In the experiment, laser-cooled Cs atoms will be held in an optical dipole force trap in the presence of applied electric and magnetic fields. The signature of an electron EDM is a first-order electric field shift of the Zeeman resonance frequency of the Cs ground state. We present an analysis of the systematic and statistical errors of this experiment, which shows that the experiment should have a sensitivity of the order of 10⁻²⁹ e-cm. We pay particular attention to potential light-shift induced errors and to magnetic field noise. We also present the design and experimental results for a cold Cs atom source, high voltage field plates, optical trapping field in a resonant build-up cavity, noval titanim ultrahigh vacuum system, and magnetic sheilding system. These results show that a measurement of the electron edm at the level of 10⁻²⁹ e-cm. should be feasible. / text

Seeking to quench airliners’ unending thirst for lightweight, reliable and more comfortable seating solutions, designers are developing a new generation of slim economy – class seats. Challenge in front of the designers is to carve out additional “living space”, as well as to give a “lie – flat” experience to air travellers with strict adherence to safety regulations. Present research tries to address all these industry needs through an innovative and novel “Sleep Seat”. A generous angle of recline (40 degree), movement of “Seat Pan” along the gradient, fixed outer shell of backrest, and unique single “Forward Beam” design distinguishes “Sleep Seat” form current generation seats. It is an ultralightweight design weighing 8kg (typical seat weight is 11kg). It satisfies “Generic Requirements (GR2)” which ensures “Comfort in Air”. It will be a “16g” seat, means it can sustain the “Emergency landing” loads as specified by “Certification Specifications (CS 25.561 and CS 25.562)”. For present research, only CS 25.561 has been considered. Since, the design of “Sleep Seat” is still in its conceptual phase, it is not possible to build the prototypes and their physical testing, due to costs and time involved. “Finite Element Analysis (FEA)” is a useful tool to predict the response of the structure when subjected to real life loads. Hence, the aim of research being undertaken is to develop a detailed FE model of the complete seat structure, which will help designers to identify potential weak areas and to compare different design concepts virtually, thereby reducing the development cycle time. In order to avoid handling of large number of design variables; major load carrying members (called Primary Load Path) i.e. Forward beam and leg; are designed for the most critical “Forward 9g” loads; using FEA results as a basis. A robust framework to verify the FEA results is developed. “Sequential Model Development Approach”; which builds the final, detailed FE model starting from preliminary model (by continuously updating the FE model by addition of details that are backed up by pilot studies); resulted in a FE model which could predict the stress induced in each of the components for applied CS 25.561 loads along with “Seat Interface Loads”. The “Interface Load” is the force exerted by the seat design on the floor and is one of the main contributing factors in seat design. “Optistruct” is used as a solver for linear static FEA, whereas “Abaqus / Standard” is used for non-linear FEA. Stepwise methodologies for mesh sensitivity study, modelling of bolt-preload, representing bolted joint in FEA, preventing rigid body motion, and obtaining a converged solution for non-linear FEA are developed during this research. Free-Shape Optimisation is used to arrive at a final design of Seat-leg. All the findings and steps taken during this are well documented in this report. Finally, a detailed FE model (involving all the three non-linearities : Contact, material and geometric) of the complete seat structure was analysed for the loads taken from CS 25.561, and it was found that design of “Forward beam” and leg are safe against CS 25.561. Therefore, all the aims and objectives outlined for this research were accomplished. For future work, first area to look for, would be validation of present FEA results by experimental testing. FE model to simulate dynamic loads CS 25.562 can be developed followed by design improvements and optimisation.

The Morse/Long Range (MLR) potential has become one of the most reliable and highly used potential energy functions for diatomic molecules. It includes the theoretical long range behaviour that diatomic molecules are known to exhibit as they approach the dissociation limit. Heavy alkali metals with adjacent electronic states often exhibit strong coupling between the spin and orbital angular momentum. The ground state X¹Σg⁺ and the lowest lying triplet state aᶟΣᵤ⁺ of Cs₂ exhibit such coupling effects and as a result, modeling the highest vibrational states of these states is a non-trivial problem. Utilizing scattering length values obtained from published analysis of 60 Feshbach resonances, the correct form of the potential energy function was determined. Moreover, the scattering length values were used to determine the correct leading dispersion coefficient that describes the true form of the long-range potential energy functions. All previous attempts to determine global potential energy functions for these states have considered only the optical spectroscopic data. This is the first ever effort attempting to use scattering lengths determined from cold atom collision experiments in a combined analysis with conventional spectroscopic data.

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2016-03-14T16:35:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Danilo Junqueira Leão_Corrigida.pdf: 1803434 bytes, checksum: 6b45fbe8af9d90b2e0db58cd74683dae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2016-05-04T17:19:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Danilo Junqueira Leão_Corrigida.pdf: 1803434 bytes, checksum: 6b45fbe8af9d90b2e0db58cd74683dae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T17:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Danilo Junqueira Leão_Corrigida.pdf: 1803434 bytes, checksum: 6b45fbe8af9d90b2e0db58cd74683dae (MD5) / CNPq / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de método para determinação simultânea de cádmio, estanho e ferro em amostras de conserva de alimentos enlatados empregando espectrometria de absorção atômica de alta resolução com fonte contínua e atomização eletrotérmica em forno de grafite (HR- CS GF AAS. O desenvolvimento de um monocromador de alta resolução permitiu o uso de uma fonte contínua na espectrometria de absorção atômica e a partir disso, determinações simultâneas se tornaram possíveis. Para a determinação dos analitos supracitados, foi utilizada a linha principal do cádmio em 228,802 (100%) nm e as linhas secundárias de ferro em 228,725 (0,09%) nm e de estanho em 228,668 (%) nm. Os sinais de absorvância dos analitos foram medidos por área de pico usando 3 pixels para o cádmio e ferro e 5 pixels para o estanho. As temperaturas de pirólise e atomização foram estabelecidas em 700 e 2550 °C, respectivamente, de modo a alcançar uma condição térmica de compromisso entre os analitos. Todas as determinações foram realizadas utilizando 6 µL de uma mistura de paládio 0,1% (m v-1) e magnésio 0,05% (m v-1). A exatidão do método foi avaliada mediante análise de um material de referência certificado de folha de maçã (NIST 1515) para o Cd e Fe e através da comparação de técnicas analíticas para o Sn. Os valores encontrados para Cd e Fe não apresentaram diferença significativa dos valores certificados, a um nível de 95 % de confiança. Para o Sn, os valores obtidos pelo método proposto foram concordantes com os obtidos pela técnica espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES), com 95 % de confiança. As massas características obtidas foram de 1,0 pg, 1,1 ng e 0,9 ng para Cd, Sn e Fe, respectivamente. Os limites de detecção (3σ, n=10) estimados foram de 0,62 ng g-1, 0,89 mg kg-1 e 0,57 mg kg-1 para o Cd, Sn e Fe, respectivamente. A precisão do método foi avaliada mediante desvio padrão relativo (RSD) para dois níveis de concentração. Para o Cd, os RSD obtidos foram de 4,7% (0,4 µg L-1) e 3,4% (2,0 µg L-1). Para o Sn, foram 6,8% (0,3 mg L-1) e 6,1 % (1,5 mg L-1) e para Fe, 5,3% (0,3 mg L-1) e 4,0 % (1,5 mg L-1). O método proposto foi aplicado em conservas de alimentos enlatados. Dentre estas, sete foram de tomate descascado, obtendo-se valores que variaram de 3,57 a 21,17 ng g-1 para Cd, de 4,06 a 122,0 mg kg-1 para Sn, de 2,68 a 31,48 mg kg-1 para Fe e quatro de sardinha, cujas concentrações de Cd e Fe ficaram entre 10,13 e 62,9 ng g-1 e 1,62 a 8,63 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Para essas amostras, os teores de Sn determinados ficaram abaixo do limite de quantificação. Os teores de Cd encontrado nas amostras estiveram abaixo do máximo legislado (0,10 mg kg-1) pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). / The present work had as objective the development of method for simultaneous determination of cadmium, tin and iron in preserved samples of canned food using high resolution continuous source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The development of a high-resolution monochromator allowed the use of a continuous source in atomic absorption spectrometry and from there, simultaneous determinations have become possible. For the determination of analytes above, was used the main line of cadmium in 228.802 nm and the secondary lines of iron in 228.725 nm and of Tin in 228.668 nm. The absorbance signal of analytes were measured by peak area using 3 pixels for cadmium and iron and 5 pixels to the Tin. Atomization and pyrolysis temperatures were established in 700 and 2550° C, respectively, so as to achieve a thermal condition of compromise between the analytes. All determinations were performed using 6 µL of a mixture of palladium 0.1% (m v-1) and 0.05% magnesium (m v-1). The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing a certified reference material of Apple leaves (NIST 1515) for the Cd and Fe and through comparison of analytical techniques for the Sn. The values found for Cd and Fe were statistically equal to values certificates, a 95% confidence level. For the Sn, the values obtained by the proposed method were consistent with those obtained by ICP OES, with 95% confidence. The characteristics masses obtained were of 1.0 pg for cadmium and 1.1 and 0.9 ng to the tin and iron, respectively. The detection limits (3 σ, n = 10) were determined as 0.62 ng g-1, 0.89 and 0.57 mg kg-1 for Cd, Sn and Fe, respectively. The precision of the method was evaluated by relative standard deviation (RSD) for two levels of concentration. For the Cd, the RSD obtained were 4.7% (0.4 µg L-1) and 3.4% (2.0 µg L-1). For the Sn and Fe were 6.8 and 6.1% (0.3 mg L-1) and 5.3 and 4.0% (1.5 mg L-1), respectively. The proposed method was applied to canned food. Among these, seven were canned peeled tomato, obtaining values that ranged from 3.57 to 21.17 ng g-1 for Cd, from 4.06 to 122.0 mg kg-1 for Sn, from 2.68 to 31.48 mg kg-1 for Fe and four canned sardines, Cd and Fe concentrations were between 10.13 and 62.9 ng g-1 and 1.62 to 8.63 mg kg-1, respectively. For these samples, the levels of Sn determined were below the limit of quantification.

Submitted by ARIANE ISIS BARROS null (nane_isis@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-02T15:26:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 versão finalCD.pdf: 2759107 bytes, checksum: a6bb24a7b9f0540265cbb13f22e1d798 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-06T14:04:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_ai_dr_araiq.pdf: 2759107 bytes, checksum: a6bb24a7b9f0540265cbb13f22e1d798 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T14:04:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_ai_dr_araiq.pdf: 2759107 bytes, checksum: a6bb24a7b9f0540265cbb13f22e1d798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho relata o desenvolvimento de métodos para a determinação de Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni e Sb em cosméticos faciais por espectrometria de absorção atômica em forno de grafite de alta resolução com fonte contínua (HR-CS GF AAS) empregando análise direta de amostras sólidas. Essa técnica foi utilizada devido a sua alta capacidade para a correção de fundo baseada em algoritmos dos mínimos quadrados. Para a determinação de Pb e Sb, interferências causadas por moléculas de SiO(g) nas linhas 283,306 nm (Pb), 217,582 nm (Sb) e 231,147 nm (Sb) foram eliminadas pela aplicação do método de correção de fundo pelos mínimos quadrados (LSBC). Para a correção de fundo na determinação de Pb, o espectro de referência foi gerado a partir de SiO2. Diferentes precursores foram avaliados para geração do espectro de referência para a correção de fundo na determinação de Sb, sendo a zeólita e a mica os precursores mais eficazes. Efeitos de matriz foram avaliados pela comparação das massas características e inclinações das curvas obtidas em padrões aquosos e amostras (ou material de referência certificado). Calibrações com padrões aquosos foram possíveis e curvas com bom coeficiente de correlação (r>0,99) foram obtidas para todos os analitos. Os limites de detecção foram de 0,06 mg kg -1 Pb, 3,67 µg kg-1 Cd, 0,5 mg kg-1 Cr, 0,292 mg kg-1 Ni e 0,32 mg kg-1 Sb. As concentrações dos analitos encontradas em amostras comerciais de blush, sombra de olho e pó compacto variaram de 1,0 – 27,08 mg kg-1 Pb, 5,06 – 198,20 µg kg-1 Cd, 2,87 – 23,65 mg kg-1 Cr, 1,36 – 12,09 mg kg-1 Ni e 9,14 – 14,52 mg kg-1 Sb. A exatidão foi checada pela análise de material de referência certificado (CRM) de solo, testes de adição e recuperação e/ou método comparativo. As concentrações encontradas no CRM foram concordantes com os valores certificados ao nível de 95% de confiança (teste t). Recuperações variaram de 99 – 108 % (Pb), 86 – 115 % (Cd), 105 – 115 % (Cr), 83 – 106 % (Ni) e 82 – 108 % (Sb). Os resultados para Cd e Pb determinados com os métodos propostos foram concordantes com os obtidos com os métodos comparativos, ao nível de 95% de confiança (teste t-pareado). / This work reports on the development of methods for determination of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Sb in facial cosmetics by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF AAS) employing direct solid sample analysis. This technique was used due to the high capability for background correction based on least-squares algorithm. For Pb and Sb determinations, interferences caused by SiO(g) molecule at the lines 283.306 nm (Pb), 217.582 nm (Sb) and 231.147 nm (Sb) were eliminated by applying the least-squares background correction (LSBC). For background correction in the determination of Pb, a reference spectrum was generated from SiO2. Different precursors were evaluated to generate reference spectra for correction of the background in the determination of Sb, been zeolite and mica the most effective precursors. Matrix effects were evaluated by comparing the characteristics masses and slopes of curves in aqueous standards and sample (or certified reference material). Calibration with aqueous standards were possible, and curves with good correlation coefficients (r>0.99) were attained for all analytes. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg kg-1 Pb, 3.67 µg kg-1 Cd, 0.5 mg kg-1 Cr, 0.292 mg kg-1 Ni and 0.32 mg kg-1 Sb. The found concentrations of analytes in commercial blush, eye shadow and compact powder samples were within 1.0 – 27.08 mg kg-1 Pb, 5.06 – 198.20 µg kg-1 Cd, 2.87 – 23.65 mg kg-1 Cr, 1.36 – 12.09 mg kg-1 Ni, and 9.14 – 14.52 mg kg-1 Sb. Accuracy was checked by analyzing soil certified reference materials (CRM), addition and recovery tests and/or comparative method. The concentrations found in CRM were in agreement with certified values at a 95% confidence level (t-test). Recoveries were in the 99 – 108 % (Pb), 86 – 115 % (Cd), 105 – 115 % (Cr), 83 – 106 % (Ni) and 82 – 108 % (Sb) intervals. Results for Cd and Pb determined with the proposed method were in agreement with those obtained by the comparative method at a 95% confidence level (paired t-test). / CNPq: 47166/2012-8

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-18T19:26:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelaCristinaPintoDePaivaCunha_TESE.pdf: 1844836 bytes, checksum: 4faab442009e1db9411f55eb091606e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-18T22:18:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelaCristinaPintoDePaivaCunha_TESE.pdf: 1844836 bytes, checksum: 4faab442009e1db9411f55eb091606e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T22:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelaCristinaPintoDePaivaCunha_TESE.pdf: 1844836 bytes, checksum: 4faab442009e1db9411f55eb091606e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / A inclus?o das oclusopatias como um problema de sa?de bucal se deve n?o s? ao fato da sua alta preval?ncia, mas tamb?m ao seu impacto social, que reflete diretamente na qualidade de vida dos indiv?duos. Portanto, em termos epidemiol?gicos, perfazem um dos problemas mais frequentes na popula??o brasileira. Diante disto, este estudo objetivou aferir o impacto da terapia ortod?ntica fixa na corre??o das oclusopatias em adultos, assim como avaliar o impacto s?cio-dent?rio da mesma nas performances di?rias destes indiv?duos. Para tal fim, foram utilizados tr?s ?ndices oclusais: o ?ndice IOTN, para avaliar o grau de necessidade de tratamento ortod?ntico nos modelos iniciais; O ?ndice PAR, para avaliar se todos os casos foram tratados adequadamente, comparando modelos pr? e p?s-terapia ortod?ntica; e o impacto s?cio dent?rio na qualidade de vida com o uso do ?ndice CS-OIDP, atrav?s de entrevistas realizadas com 288 indiv?duos, com faixa et?ria entre 20 e 70 anos. A amostra foi composta por 136 pacientes tratados em servi?os p?blicos e 152 tratados em consult?rios privados. Para an?lise dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes do qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis e a regress?o log?stica m?ltipla com estimativa das raz?es de preval?ncia brutas e ajustadas e IC (95%). A melhoria dos casos tratados, ou seja a redu??o dos problemas oclusais, independente dos fatores que poderiam ter influenciado nesse desfecho foi superior a 88%, tendo como maior impacto na corre??o das oclusopatias, os casos com necessidade inicial moderada ou severa de tratamento e os casos de pacientes com idade superior a 25 anos ao final do tratamento. O impacto s?cio-dent?rio nas performances di?rias p?s-terapia ortod?ntica fixa foi baixo (m?dia de 2,56), estando presente em 29,2% dos casos. As performances de sorrir, estado emocional e limpeza da boca (10,4%; 10,4% e 10,1%, respectivamente) foram as mais afetadas. Os fatores relacionados ao impacto foram o tipo de servi?o em que o tratamento foi realizado, a necessidade de tratamento ortod?ntico, o tipo de problema que motivou o tratamento, e as idades ao t?rmino do tratamento e no momento da pesquisa. Com rela??o ? presen?a ou n?o de impacto, os pacientes com faixa et?ria at? 25 anos, tratados pelo servi?o p?blico; e aqueles que pontuaram como principal problema inicial a presen?a de espa?o entre os dentes, n?o atribu?ram nenhum impacto na qualidade de vida p?s-terapia ortod?ntica. Portanto, estiveram associados ao impacto p?s-corre??o das oclusopatias a idade mais avan?ada, o fato de terem realizado tratamento no servi?o privado, a moderada/alta necessidade de tratamento ortod?ntico, e a deformidade da boca ou face como principal problema que motivou o tratamento. Observou-se para que o paciente n?o tenha qualquer impacto na qualidade de vida, n?o deveria haver queixas presentes nos 8 desempenhos avaliados, de acordo com a an?lise do CS-OIDP, e o baixo impacto apresentado refor?a a hip?tese de que pacientes submetidos ? terapia ortod?ntica t?m uma qualidade de vida melhorada.