Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Wesen der Integration im Kontext betrieblicher Informationssysteme. Konkret werden dabei vier Forschungsfragen behandelt: 1. Welche Treiber führen zur Integration betrieblicher Informationssysteme (bzw. verhindern diese)? 2. Welche positiven/negativen Auswirkungen entstehen in Folge der Integration betrieblicher Informationssysteme? 3. Welche Erfolgsfaktoren tragen zum Gelingen/Misslingen der Integration betrieblicher Informationssysteme bei? 4. Wie kann das Konzept der Integration betrieblicher Informationssysteme systematisiert werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser Forschungsfragen werden zwei wesentliche methodische Ansätze herangezogen: Im Rahmen einer strukturierten Literaturanalyse werden relevante vorhandene Publikationen gesichtet und systematisch aufgearbeitet, um den Stand der Forschung zu präzisieren und Forschungslücken zu identifizieren. Die Literaturanalyse bildet die Basis für eine qualitative Querschnittsanalyse, in der 23 Unternehmen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum (Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz) mittels semistrukturierten Interviews zu den zuvor identifizierten Forschungslücken befragt wurden. Der Forschungsbeitrag der Arbeit besteht hauptsächlich in der Konstruktion eines ganzheitlichen Integrationsmodells, das die Forschungsergebnisse in Anlehnung an die vier Forschungsfragen in einem mehrdimensionalen Modell darstellt: 1. Treiber der Integration konnten auf technologischer, organisatorischer, unternehmensinterner und -externer Ebene identifiziert werden. Neuartige Erkenntnisse konnten insb. im Bereich der Hindernisse aufgezeigt werden, die bisher kaum in der Literatur berücksichtigt wurden. 2. Auswirkungen der Integration konnten auf der operativen Ebene, im Management, der Strategie, der IT-Infrastruktur und der Organisation nachgewiesen werden. Neue Einblicke konnten auch hier insb. im Bereich der negativen Auswirkungen geschaffen werden, denen in vorherigen Studien wenig Beachtung geschenkt wurde. 3. Erfolgsfaktoren wurden auf der unternehmensexternen, -internen, organisationalen, technologischen und der Projektmanagement-Ebene gesammelt. Neuigkeitswert besitzen hier insb. die Faktoren im sozio-kulturellen Unternehmensumfeld, die in der Literatur noch kaum bearbeitet wurden. 4. Das facettenreiche Konzept der Integration betrieblicher Informationssysteme wurde nach Sichtung der einschlägigen Literatur als soziotechnisches System modelliert, dessen technische und soziale Subsysteme wechselseitig voneinander abhängen und sich gegenseitig unterstützen. Demzufolge kann auch die Integration im betrieblichen Kontext nur durch eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung der technischen und organisatorischen Teilsysteme eines Unternehmens gelingen. Die Arbeit endet mit einem kritischen Rückblick auf bestehende Limitationen bzw. einem Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsperspektiven, da die gewählte Methodik naturgemäß gewissen Einschränkungen der Validität und Reliabilität unterliegt. Quantitative Forschungsmethoden bieten dahingegen das Potenzial, auf Basis großzahliger Stichproben Ergebnisse mit einer höheren Generalisierbarkeit und Genauigkeit hervorzubringen. / Antecedents, Impacts and Success Factors of Information Systems Integration

acase@tulane.edu

No description available.

Enormous efforts have been made to optimize the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, but there is to date no generally useful protocol and forcing conditions are often required. One reaction variable that has often been neglected is the extent to which the supposed catalysts, bisphosphinepalladium(0) complexes, are actually formed from the variety of popular precatalysts used. There is in fact little evidence that these precursors produce bis-ligated Pd(0) complexes and it is possible that the rate limiting factor may be catalyst formation. If so, then the development of an optimized method for forming these catalytic species would be a significant contribution to this field. The following work describes research efforts to determine the optimum conditions to generate PdL2 (L = PCy3, PMeBut2, PBut3) cleanly and quantitatively from Pd(3-C3H5)(5-C5H5) and Pd(3-1-Ph-C3H5)(5-C5H5). Furthermore, the conditions under which PdL3 species may exist in equilibrium with the PdL2 species are defined. NMR studies indicate that while Pd(PBut3)2 shows no inclination to increase its coordination number, Pd(PCy3)2 and Pd(PMeBut2)2 react with added phosphine to form 3:1 compounds. Equilibrium constants for dissociation of the PdL3 compounds were measured over a range of temperatures, yielding the thermodynamic parameters of dissociation and estimated Pd-P bond dissociation energies. Additionally, the generation of heteroleptic species serve to confirm the existence of 3:1 compounds. A kinetic study of the oxidative addition of PhBr to Pd(PCy3)2 was also performed. It was found that oxidative addition was first order in palladium, but that added bromide had no effect on the rate of oxidative addition. Added PCy3 inhibited oxidative addition, possibly due to the conversion of palladium(0) into the less active 3:1 compound. The formation of the catalytically less active 3:1 compounds has serious implications for many catalytic cross-coupling processes which involve catalyst formation via the slow reduction of palladium(II) in the presence of excess phosphine; for many systems, relatively little of the added palladium may actually be present as the active bisphosphinepalladium(0) compound. / Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-12-08 13:24:50.825

Cosmological simulations are used by astronomers to investigate large scale structure formation and galaxy evolution. Structure nding, that is, the discovery of gravitationally-bound objects such as dark matter halos, is a crucial step in many such simulations. During recent years, advancing computational capacity has lead to halo-nders needing to manage increasingly larger simulations. As a result, many multi-core solutions have arisen in an attempt to process these simulations more eciently. However, a many-core approach to the problem using graphics processing units (GPUs) appears largely unexplored. Since these simulations are inherently n-body problems, they contain a high degree of parallelism, which makes them very well suited to a GPU architecture. Therefore, it makes sense to determine the potential for further research in halo-nding algorithms on a GPU. We present a number of modified algorithms, for accelerating the identication of halos and sub-structures, using entry-level graphics hardware. The algorithms are based on an adaptive hierarchical renement of the friends-of-friends (FoF) method using six phase-space dimensions: This allows for robust tracking of sub-structures. These methods are highly amenable to parallel implementation and run on GPUs. We implemented four separate systems; two on GPUs and two on CPUs. The first system for both CPU and GPU was implemented as a proof of concept exercise to familiarise us with the problem: These utilised minimum spanning trees (MSTs) and brute force methods. Our second implementation, for the CPU and GPU, capitalised on knowledge gained from the proof of concept applications, leading us to use kd-trees to efficiently solve the problem. The CPU implementations were intended to serve as benchmarks for our GPU applications. In order to verify the efficacy of the implemented systems, we applied our halo finders to cosmological simulations of varying size and compared the results obtained to those given by a widely used FoF commercial halo-finder. To conduct a fair comparison, CPU benchmarks were implemented using well-known libraries optimised for these calculations. The best performing implementation, with minimal optimisation, used kd-trees on the GPU. This achieved a 12x speed-up over our CPU implementation, which used similar methods. The same GPU implementation was compared with a current, widely-used commercial halo finder FoF system, and achieved a 2x speed-up for up to 5 million particles. Results suggest a scalable solution, where speed-up increases with the size of dataset used. We conclude that there is great potential for future research into an optimised kd-tree implementation on graphics hardware for the problem of structure finding in cosmological simulations.

XML technology has emerged during recent years as a popular choice for representing and exchanging semi-structured data on the Web. It integrates seamlessly with web-based applications. If data is stored and represented as XML documents, then it should be possible to query the contents of these documents in order to extract, synthesize and analyze their contents. This thesis for experimental study of Web architecture for data processing is based on semantic mapping of XML Schema. The thesis involves complex methods and tools for specification, algorithmic transformation and online processing of semi-structured data over the Web in XML format with persistent storage into relational databases. The main focus of the research is preserving the structure of original data for data reconciliation during database updates and also to combine different technologies for XML data processing such as storing (SQL), transformation (XSL Processors), presenting (HTML), querying (XQUERY) and transporting (Web services) using a common framework, which is both theoretically and technologically well grounded. The experimental implementation of the discussed architecture requires a Web server (Apache), Java container (Tomcat) and object-relational DBMS (Oracle 9) equipped with Java engine and corresponding libraries for parsing and transformation of XML data (Xerces and Xalan). Furthermore the central idea behind the research is to use a single theoretical model of the data to be processed by the system (XML algebra) controlled by one standard metalanguage specification (XML Schema) for solving a class of problems (generic architecture). The proposed work combines theoretical novelty and technological advancement in the field of Internet computing. This thesis will introduce a generic approach since both our model (XML algebra) and our problem solver (the architecture of the integrated system) are XML Schema- driven. Starting with the XML Schema of the data, we first develop domain-specific XML algebra suitable for data processing of the specific data and then use it for implementing the main offline components of the system for data processing.

Erlangen, Nürnberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2006. / Enth. 3 Sonderabdr. aus verschiedenen Zeitschr. - Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Würzburg.

Neste trabalho descreve-se uma rota de preparação de nanopartículas de ródio (4 nm diâmetro médio) dispersas no líquido iônico tetrafluoroborato de 1-n-butil-3-metilimidazólio (BMI.BF4) e suportadas na rede de sílica pelos métodos sol-gel e grafting. Na preparação pelo método sol-gel (ácido ou básico) obteve-se materiais com diferentes quantidades de líquido iônico encapsulado e diferente morfologia da matriz de sílica. A quantidade de ródio suportado nos xerogéis resultantes foi (0,1% m/m). A condição ácida de preparação resultou em sílica com maior quantidade de líquido iônico encapsulado e com diâmetro de poro maior, podendo ser considerada como responsável pela atividade catalítica observada na hidrogenação de alcenos. A alta quantidade de líquido iônico incorporado pode ser importante para garantir a estabilidade das nanopartículas. O material catalítico preparado pelo método sol-gel pode ser recuperado por decantação e reutilizado por 10 vezes sem perda da atividade catalítica. As micrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão do catalisador isolado depois de dez recargas mostraram que o material recuperado não apresentou sinais aparentes de aglomeração. A combinação (líquido iônico encapsulado/nanopartículas de ródio/sílica) exibe um excelente efeito sinérgico que aumenta a atividade catalítica e a robustez das nanopartículas de ródio para hidrogenação. Todos os sistemas suportados preparados foram mais ativos do que nanopartículas isoladas. / This work describes a route of preparation of rhodium nanoparticles (4 nm mean diameter) dispersed in an ionic liquid (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and supported within a silica network, prepared by the sol-gel method and grafting method. The sol-gel preparation method (acid or basic) gives materials with different contents in encapsulated ionic liquid and different silica morphology. The rhodium content in the resulting xerogels was (0.1 wt%). However, acidic conditions afforded higher contents of encapsulated ionic liquid and xerogels with larger pore diameters, which could be considered as responsible for the higher catalyst activity in hydrogenation of the alkenes. The catalytic material prepared by the sol gel method can be recovered by simple decantation and re-used at least ten times without any significant loss in catalytic activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the catalyst isolated after ten recharges showed that the recovered material did not present apparent signs of agglomeration. The combination (ionic liquid/rhodium nanoparticles/silica) exhibits an excellent synergistic effect that enhances the activity and robustness of the rhodium hydrogenation catalysts. All the supported systems were more active than isolated rhodium nanoparticles for the hydrogenation of alkenes.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo método para a preparação de nanopartículas de metais de transição em solução. O método consiste na redução por hidrogênio molecular de sais metálicos imobilizados em líquidos iônicos derivados do cátion 1,3-dialquilimidazólio. Nanopartículas de Rh(0) com tamanho entre (2,1+-0,1)nm foram obtidas pela redução de RhCl3 em líquidos iônicos derivados do cátion n-butilmetilimidazólio BMI.X (X=BF4, PF6, CF3SO3), e aplicados como catalizadores para as reações de hidrogenação de olefinas e aromáticos. Nanopartículas de Pd(0) com tamanho entre (4,9+-1,5)nm foram obtidas pela redução de Pd(acac)2 em BMI.PF6 e aplicadas como catalisadores para a reação de hidrogenação de 1,3-butadieno em regime heterogêneo e suportadas em BMI.X (X=BF4, PF6). Nanopartículas bimetálicas de Pd-Rh(0) com tamanho entre (9,1+-0,8)nm também foram obtidas pela redução concomitante de PdCl2 e RhCl3 em líquidos iônicos BMI.X (X=BF4, PF6) e aplicadas como catalisadores para a hidrogenação de 1,5-ciclo-octadieno. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o líquido iônico deve ser o responsável pela estabilização das nanopartículas e está intimamente relacionado com a atividade catalítica das nanopartículas. A aglomeração e a sistemática perda de atividade catalítica das nanopartículas parecem ser devidas à presença de hidrogênio molecular no meio reacional. Além disso, os resultados obtidos na síntese de nanopartículas bimetálicas indicam que a sua composição pode ser regulada pelas condições da reação de síntese. As reações de hidrogenação foram utilizadas como sondas químicas para o estudo das propriedades catalíticas das nanopartículas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem um mecanismo de reação de superfície, típico de sistemas heterogêneos clássicos. / In this work we present a new method for the preparation of soluble transition-metal nanoparticles. The method consists in the reduction by molecular hydrogen of metallic salts immobilized in ionic liquids derived from the 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation. Nanoparticles of Rh(0) with size of (2,1 ± 0,1) run were synthesized from the reduction of RhCl3 in ionic liquids derived from the n-butylmethylimidazolium cation BMI.X (X = BF 4, PF 6, CF3SO3), and applied as catalysts for the hydrogenation of olefins and aromatics. Nanoparticles of Pd(0) with size of (4,9 ± 1,5)nm were synthesized from Pd(acac)2 immobilized in BMI.PF6 and applied as catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene in both heterogeneous system and supported by ionic liquids BMI.X (X= BF4, PF6). Bimetallic nanoparticles of Pd-Rh(O) with size of (9,1 ± 0,8) were also synthesized from the reduction of PdCl2 and RhCl3 in ionic liquids BMI.X (X = BF4, PF6) and applied as catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The results suggest that the ionic liquid must be the responsible for the nanoparticles stabilization and is closely related with the catalytic activity and selectivity of the nanoparticles. The agglomeration and systematic loss of activity of the nanoparticles seems to be due to the presence of hydrogen in the reactional medium. Furthermore, the results obtained in the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles show that their composition can be regulated by the reaction conditions. The hydrogenation reactions were used as chemical probes in the study of the catalytic properties of the nanoparticles. The results suggest a surface-like kinetic mechanism, typical of classical heterogeneous catalysis.