Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Georgia, 2000. / Includes abstract ([1] leaf). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-125), composer/title index, and listing by degree of difficulty.

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The purpose of the study was to compare the attitudes of 4-H youths and their parents concerning 4-H competitiveness. The sample was composed of seventy-nine 4-H youths and their parents from three North Texas Counties. The instruments, which consisted of an "Opinionnaire for Parents" and an "Opinionnaire for 4-H'ers," were designed to obtain the 4-H'ers' and parents' attitudes about 4-H competition. The study revealed no significant difference in competitive attitudes between 4-H youths' and their parents' or between younger and older 4-H'ers. 4-H boys were found to have more competitive attitudes than 4-H girls. No significant relationship was found between parents' level of competitiveness and length of 4-H service.

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Les chimistes comme tous travailleurs ont besoin d'outils pour leur travail, en l'occurrence les réactions chimiques. Ces outils permettent aux chimistes de transformer la matière et ainsi de fabriquer des produits naturels ou non-naturels à partir de précurseurs aisément disponibles. Par exemple, le menthol est un additif naturel d'une grande importance industrielle et il est synthétisé à partir du pinne qui est extrait des aiguilles de pins à coût modéré. C'est pourquoi, il est fondamental de concevoir et développer de tels outils. Afin de connaître les étendues possibles d'application, le chimiste effectue un travail dit de méthodologie. De nombreux essais sont réalisés de façon précise et rationnelle pour déterminer les limites et les avantages de la réaction d'intérêt. Dans ce mémoire, la réaction d'intérêt est une cycloaddition (4+1) intramoléculaire formelle. Lors de cette réaction deux liens carbone-carbone sont formés. Cela permet de passer d'une structure simple linéaire à une structure complexe bicyclique, présentant un levier synthétique, la double liaison. Dans la première partie de l'introduction de ce mémoire sont rapportées toutes les utilisations des aminocarbènes, c'est-à-dire les carbènes avec un atome d'azote en position a du carbène. On s'est restreint aux carbènes métalliques, de type Fisher. On a détaillé plus précisément les aminocarbènes de chrome, qui sont au coeur de ce projet. La seconde partie de l'introduction présente brièvement les réactions de cycloaddition (4+1) rapportées dans la littérature, nous détaillons plus particulièrement les réactions de cycloaddition (4+1) utilisant des carbènes de chrome. Nous arrivons alors à la première réaction de cycloaddition (4+1) intermoléculaire, mettant en jeu un diène neutre et un aminocarbène de chrome et nous résumons ensuite les travaux de Louis-Philippe Lefebvre. Le deuxième chapitre du mémoire décrit les efforts effectués afin d'élargir l'étendue de la réaction et la compréhension du mécanisme réactionnel des réactions de cycloaddition (4+1) formelle où les substrats présentent des différences électroniques et de grandeur de cycles créés. Nous discutons des apports des résultats obtenus et du chemin qu'il reste à parcourir pour compléter l'étude de cette réaction et de l'appliquer en synthèse totale de produits naturels.

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie är att få kunskap om viktiga aspekter för att elever i årskurs 4-6 skall utveckla förståelse för bråk. Utifrån syftet formulerades följande frågeställning: Vilka undervisningsmetoder kan underlätta elevers förståelse av bråk. Databaserna LIBRIS, Teacher´s reference center och ERIC användes för söka efter relevanta vetenskapligt granskade artiklar. Resultatet visar att många elever tycker att det är svårt med bråk och att de inte förstår syftet med att lära sig bråk i skolan. Vidare visar resultatet att om lärarna åskådliggör bråk för eleverna på många olika sätt i undervisningen ökar elevernas förståelse för bråk. Studien visar även att användning av konkreta material såsom modeller och bilder gör det enklare för elever att bland annat förstå beräkningar med bråk. Att lärarna samtalar med eleverna om bråk är också en viktig aspekt för att öka elevers förståelse för bråk.

Par-4 is a leucine zipper domain protein that induces apoptosis on its own in certain cancer cells and in Ras-transformed cells, but not in normal or immortalized cells. Par-4 induces apoptosis by activation of the Fas death receptor pathway and co-parallel inhibition of NF-B transcription activity. Cells that are resistant to apoptosis by Par-4 alone, however, are greatly sensitized by Par-4 to the action of other pro-apoptotic insults such as growth factor withdrawal, TNF, ionizing radiation, intracellular calcium elevation, or those involved in neuronal degeneration such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and Stroke. Previous studies have suggested that the apoptosis-sensitization potential of Par-4 is dependent upon inhibition of PKC or WT1 cell survival function by direct interaction between the leucine zipper domain at the carboxy-terminus of Par-4 and the zinc finger domains of PKC or WT1. In this study, I performed structure-function analysis using GFP-fusion proteins and deletion mutants to identify the functional localization and domains of Par-4 that are essential for apoptosis induction. My findings suggest that apoptosis by Par-4 is dependent on its translocation to the nucleus for induction of apoptosis. A bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence corresponding to amino acids 137-155 was necessary for nuclear translocation of Par-4. Importantly, the core residues 137-204 in the center part of Par-4 were necessary and sufficient to induce Fas pathway activation, inhibition of nuclear NF-B transcription activity and apoptosis. These findings imply that binding of Par-4 via its leucine zipper domain to other proteins is dispensable for apoptosis by Par-4.

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The Arizona Child Acoustic Database consists of longitudinal audio recordings from a group of children over a critical period of growth and development (ages 2-7 years). The goal of this database is to 1) document acoustic changes in speech production that may be related to physical growth 2) inform development of a model of speech production for child talkers. This work was funded by NSF BSC-1145011 awarded to Kate Bunton, Ph.D. and Brad Story, Ph.D, Principal Investigators. This database contains longitudinal audio recordings of 55 American English speaking children between the ages of 2-7 at 3-month intervals. Since children began the study at different ages, some children have fewer recording sessions than others. The database can also be used to provide cross-sectional data for children of a specific age. Please refer to the subject data table for information on specific sessions available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. All children were recorded using the same protocol; therefore, task numbers are consistent across children and sessions. A calibration tone is included as Record 1 for all sessions. The speech protocol focused on production of English monopthong and diphthong vowels in isolation, sVd, hVd, and monosyllabic real words. In addition, the protocol includes several nonsense vowel-to-vowel transitions. Speakers were prompted either verbally by investigators or by graphical prompts. Details of the protocol with reference to task numbers can be found in the protocol spreadsheet available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. Details on data recording: All samples were recorded digitally using an AKG SE 300B microphone with a mouth to mic distance of approximately 10 inches. Signals were recorded digitally using a Marantz PMD671, 16 bit PCM (uncompressed) at 44.1KHz. Recordings are made available in .wav format. Individual zip files contain all recordings from a single session.