National Identity, Ethnic Identity, Minoritiness...These are all categories which appear to have existed always already, categories which seem to be normative by nature. They are determinative, for they position human beings on different levels of the social ladder and organize strategically human interrelations. Yet, while these same apparently transcendental categories appropriate a position of universality, they also claim to be particular to a specific place, a specific people, a specific race etc. The disjunction inherent in these categories can be realized within this ideological contradiction. It is therefore this very disjunction that calls upon the rethinking of identity in relation to nation, ethnicity and minority. In this thesis I offer a translation of nine separate excerpts from Kobayashi Aya's account on Burakumin experience in Japan. The author's contemplation on Japaneseness and Minoritiness, her questioning of national identity as a category and of this category as predetermined become the focus of my work. While outlining the structure of Kobayashi's writing and the methods she chooses to employ, I analyze the concepts of performativity, repetition and disruption as potential options for rethinking Japaneseness and Minoritiness as categories of identity.

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SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Ungdomar och unga vuxna under cancerbehandling är i behov av specialanpassad och ålderslämplig vård då deras åldersgrupp genomgår unika livsutvecklande milstolpar i övergången från barndom till att bli vuxen som påverkas av cancersjukdomen. En störd livsutveckling kan resultera med långsiktiga negativa konsekvenser som kan påverka ungdomar och unga vuxna även efter avslutad behandling.   Syfte: Att undersöka ungdomar och unga vuxnas upplevelser av sin psykosociala situation under cancerbehandling.   Metod: Litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats med beskrivande design. Litteratursökningen använde MEDLINE, CINAHL, och PsycINFO. Resultatet baserades på elva kvalitativa studier samt en kvantitativ studie med kvalitativ bearbetning av ett fritextsvar publicerade mellan år 2014–2020.   Resultat: Ungdomar och unga vuxna värderade bibehållandet av ett normalt liv och strävade efter att uppnå detta med olika strategier. Självständighet och känslan för den egna identiteten kunde störas. Stöttning från anhöriga, närstående, cancerdrabbade jämnåriga, och vårdpersonal var av betydelse men inte alltid tillräckligt. Upprymdhet upplevdes över att avsluta cancerbehandlingen men också en oro inför framtiden efteråt.   Slutsats: Rapporterade upplevelser av psykosociala påfrestningar under cancerbehandlingen leder till slutsatsen att kunskap om hur dessa utmaningar kan bemötas på ett specialanpassat och ålderslämpligt vis är bristfällig. En vidare fördjupad förståelse för ungdomar och unga vuxnas psykosociala upplevelser under cancerbehandling från ytterligare forskning kan potentiellt förbättra sjukvårdens möjlighet till att erbjuda adekvat vård.   Nyckelord: Ungdomar och unga vuxna (AYA), Cancerbehandling, Psykosocial, Erfarenheter. / ABSTRACT Background: Adolescents and young adults undergoing cancer treatment are in need of specially adapted and age appropriate care since their age group undergoes unique life-developing milestones in the transition period between childhood and adulthood that may be affected by cancer. A disrupted life development may result in long-term negative consequences that may affect adolescents and young adults even after the end of cancer treatment.   Aim: This study aimed to examine adolescents and young adults’ experiences of their psychosocial situation during cancer treatment.   Method: Literature review with descriptive design. The literature search used MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. The result was based on eleven qualitative studies and a quantitative study with qualitative processing of a free text answer published between 2014-2020.   Result: Adolescents and young adults valued the maintenance of a normal life and strived to achieve this with different strategies. Independence and the feeling for one's own identity could be disturbed. Support from family, friends, cancer-stricken peers, and healthcare staff was of importance, but not always enough. Exaltation was experienced over ending the cancer treatment but also a concern for the future afterwards.   Conclusion: Reported experiences of psychosocial stress during cancer treatment lead to the conclusion that knowledge of how these challenges can be met in a specially adapted and age-appropriate way is deficient. A further in-depth understanding of adolescents and young adults' psychosocial experiences during cancer treatment from further research may potentially improve healthcare's ability to offer adequate care.   Keywords: Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA), Cancer Treatment, Psychosocial, Experiences.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-12T19:19:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Isabel Cristina Mendes Pinheiro Navega.pdf: 6485517 bytes, checksum: c11321c7796f525b72d4747a2f452169 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T19:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Isabel Cristina Mendes Pinheiro Navega.pdf: 6485517 bytes, checksum: c11321c7796f525b72d4747a2f452169 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Popular education is an area of education whose practices allow the acquisition of knowledge through the interweaving of individuals with knowledge that, when contextualized, decode meanings, disseminate concepts and adapts it to communicate to transcribe facts, experiences and concerns; enabling consecutively dynamic dialogue between individuals and their environment. To better understand its definition, this objective is to work in talk about two experiences of popular education in Vila Kennedy aiming to show how popular movements influence their context and therefore it is extremely important to consider them in all areas education: form or informal, for example. One of the initiatives of these is the Short VK, community film festival that annually takes place in the locality; the other is the Aya House, cultural space for the exchange of popular knowledge, which values the potential of individuals with a desire to do what the residents can participate autonomously in the construction of learning, and can also reconfigure the scenario that popular community as marginalized socially. Thus, the objective of this work is to, in addition to presenting them, valuing them at their potential, show how the formal teaching spaces, such as public schools in the region should consider them in the construction of knowledge and meaning social that creates mutually in society. / A educa??o popular ? uma ?rea da educa??o cujas pr?ticas permitem a aquisi??o do conhecimento atrav?s do entrela?amento dos indiv?duos com saberes que, ao serem contextualizados, decodificam sentidos, disseminam conceitos e os ad?qua a comunica??o para transcrever fatos, viv?ncias e anseios; possibilitando, consecutivamente, o di?logo din?mico entre os sujeitos e seu meio. Para melhor entender sua defini??o, o presente trabalho objetiva-se em discorrer sobre duas experi?ncias da educa??o popular na Vila Kennedy com intuito de evidenciar como os movimentos populares influenciam e ressignificam seus contextos e como, por sua vez, ? de suma import?ncia consider?-los nas redes educativas que se criam nos espa?os formais e informais de ensino, por exemplo. Uma das iniciativas delas ? o Curta VK, festival de cinema comunit?rio que, anualmente, acontece na localidade; a outra ? a Casa de Aya, espa?o cultural de troca de saberes populares, que valoriza as potencialidades dos indiv?duos com o desejo de fazer com o que os moradores possam participar, autonomamente, na constru??o da aprendizagem, assim como tamb?m possam reconfigurar o cen?rio dessa comunidade popular t?o marginalizada socialmente. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho ? o de, ademais de apresent?-las,valorizando-as em suas potencialidades, mostrar como os espa?os formais de ensino, como as escolas p?blicas da regi?o, devem apreci?-las na constru??o do conhecimento e do sentido social que se cria, mutuamente, na sociedade.

Quels sont les « savoirs ancestraux » des « peuples et nations indigènes » reconnus par la Constitution adoptée par l'Équateur en 1998? L’étude ethnographique d’une communauté kayambi permet de mieux comprendre comment la dynamique des mutations à l’œuvre dans cette société porte et est portée par la parole mythique et rituelle. Elle montre comment, d’années en années, à la fin juin, les rituels associés à la fête de San Pedro se perpétuent en dépit des changements qui affectent les conditions de vie des Kayambi et pourquoi l’Aya-Uma, figure centrale de ces rituels et synthèse de l'histoire de l'imaginaire kayambi, n'est pas qu'une figure du patrimoine. La parole mythique recueillie auprès des Kayambi lors de très nombreux entretiens a permis de reconstituer un système associant aussi bien les thèmes introduits par l’évangélisation que ceux de l’univers aquatique des Apus ou les éléments de la faune et de la flore. Cette parole ambivalente s’est révélée peuplée de figures elles-mêmes ambivalentes telles que la Chificha, le Condor, Sanson, ou le Chisilongo.Lorsque les Kayambi disent leurs mythes et performent leurs rites ils produisent, pour leur propre communauté, l’expression de leur réalité du moment. Ce faisant ils interprètent leur propre histoire en tant que groupe social communautaire et, parce qu’ils sont en contact avec lui, celle du groupe social plus large que constitue l’Equateur. Les institutions kayambi, à la fois héritage des contraintes coloniales et éléments, constamment réinventés, de l’organisation sociale, constituent un ensemble dont chaque composante ne peut fonctionner isolément.Les paroles mythiques et rituelles des Kayambi portent un ensemble de savoirs correspondant à une médiation sociopolitique collective dont les actes ne se réduisent pas aux moments rituels mais s’étendent à l’ensemble des relations. La préservation de ces savoirs, condition de survie du système social kayambi, repose sur la faculté de transmettre les récits mythiques et d’accomplir les rites. / What are the "traditional knowledge" of the "indigenous peoples and nations" recognized by the 1998 Ecuador Constitution?The ethnographic study of a Kayambi community allows to understand how the dynamics of the changes is carried through mythical and ritual speech. Year after year, in late June, the rituals associated with the festival of San Pedro are perpetuated despite changes that affect the lives and situation of the Kayambi and why Aya-Uma, the central figure of these rituals and a representational synthesis of the history of the Kayambi, and not only a simple patrimonial figure.Mythical speech collected from Kayambi during interviews lends to the reconstruction of a complexe system combining themes introduced by evangelization and the underwater world of the Apus, or elements of fauna and flora. This ambivalent speech is populated by ambivalent figures such as Chificha, Condor, Sanson or Chisilongo.When Kayambi speak their myths and perform their rites they express the reality of the moment for their own community. In so doing they interpret not only their own history, as a social group but the wider social group they are in contact with, that is the nation of Ecuador itself. The Kayambi institutions, both legacy of the colonial coercive order and restructuring elements, constantly reinvent kayambi social organization as a set. They cannot be considered in isolation.Mythical and ritual expressionss should be considered as complementary knowledges acting as a socio-political mediation. Their acts are not confined to ritual moments but extend to all social relations. Thus the preservation of this knowledge is a survival condition of Kayambi social system.

Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer endure a range of symptoms and side effects, including weight gain, unfavourable changes in body composition, physical disfigurements, and tissue damage, which can impair their physical and psychological health. Identifying and optimizing interventions that can mitigate negative side effects are necessary. Whereas physical activity has been identified as one such intervention for child and older adult cancer survivors, the evidence for survivors of AYA cancer is far less convincing to put forward recommendations and argue for integrating physical activity into practice. Research seeking to understand if/how and under what circumstances physical activity is related to physical and psychological outcomes is of particular importance to guide care aimed at relieving cancer-related damage and distress. This research program sought to address this through three interrelated studies, which progressed sequentially. Study One examined the clarity, appropriateness, and relevancy of eight widely used questionnaires assessing self-reported physical activity and psychological outcomes. Cognitive interviews were conducted with seven survivors of AYA cancer who were representative of individuals likely to participate in future research. Findings from this study indicated most of the questionnaires tested could be used to assess self-reported physical activity and psychological outcomes among survivors of AYA cancer with or without slight modifications. After incorporating participants’ feedback into the questionnaires, Study Two was conducted to: (1) examine the cross-sectional relationships between physical self-perceptions and self-esteem (physical and global), and (2) explore if physical activity and/or self-efficacy for physical activity moderated these relationships. Correlation analyses were conducted, and as hypothesized, physical self-perceptions and physical and global self-esteem were positively related. Hierarchical multivariate linear regression analyses showed that self-efficacy for physical activity moderated the relationship between physical self-perceptions and physical self-esteem (but not global self-esteem), such that at higher levels of self-efficacy for physical activity, the magnitude of the association between physical self-perceptions and physical self-esteem was greater. Physical activity did not moderate the relationship between physical self-perceptions and physical or global self-esteem. These findings provide empirical evidence that physical self-perceptions and self-esteem (physical and global) are related and suggest self-efficacy for physical activity may serve to strengthen the relationship between physical self-perceptions and physical self-esteem among survivors of AYA cancer. However, more work exploring if/how and under what circumstances physical activity is implicated in this relationship is needed via experimental study designs. In Study Three, a two-arm, mixed-methods randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to test a 12-week physical activity intervention among survivors of AYA cancer was piloted. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of trial methods and the intervention. Findings suggest modifications to the methods and intervention are required. Making the trial multi-site, using multiple recruitment strategies, refining assessments of directly-measured physical activity behaviour and aerobic capacity, and incorporating behavioural support into the intervention may improve feasibility and acceptability. This study highlights the value of pilot trials and provides useful data that can be used to optimize trial methods and physical activity interventions for this population. Collectively, the studies comprising this thesis lay the foundation for further testing of if/how and under what circumstances physical activity and physical and psychological outcomes are related in survivors of AYA cancer. Findings offer researchers and practitioners information to aid in the development of theoretically- and empirically-based interventions seeking to mitigate the adverse effects of cancer and its treatments in this population.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15-39 years of age) with cancer face unique challenges. Efforts have been made to improve both care and outcomes for this population. Metrics to evaluate AYA cancer care efforts help to ensure that objectives and outcomes are being met. This thesis comprises 7 papers which explore system performance metrics for cancer care and control in AYAs. A scoping review introduces the topic and addresses the current state of indicator metrics for the AYA cancer population. The second paper extends this work and develops a consensus-based list of relevant indicators. The subsequent papers focus on further development of two of the identified indicators for implementation in Canada (identification of patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) for assessing distress; a referral indicator for oncofertility care). This thesis describes 14 indicators in 5 care areas. Two identified indicators were further developed to aid in implementation (“Proportion of AYA patients screened for distress with standardized AYA specific tools” and “Proportion of AYA patients who had fertility preservation discussion before treatment”). Criteria from the National Quality Forum (NQF) were used to assess commonly used PROMs for distress. It was found that although all PROMs had acceptable psychometric properties, only the “Impact of Cancer” scale of the CDS-AYA had strong content validity for AYA with cancer. For Oncofertility, the indicator “Proportion of cases attending a fertility consult visit ≤ 30 days from diagnosis of cancer” was recommended for use. Finally, factors associated with attending such a fertility consult were identified. Important factors for both men and women included: age at diagnosis, risk to fertility, year of diagnosis, treatment with radiation or chemotherapy, region of care, income and residential instability. The information presented in this thesis can be applied to national system performance initiatives to identify and implement metrics to monitor and evaluate cancer care in AYA. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / A person 15 to 39 years old with cancer will face many challenges. This is a time of life with many changes such as continuing schooling, getting married, starting a career, or starting a family. To make sure that young people with cancer are getting the best care, and that they have the best chance to achieve their goals and contribute to society, we need to measure what is important to this group. These measures can be used to compare hospitals, or changes over time to help make care better. This paper looks at what we already measure in this group, and what patients, researchers and healthcare workers think also should be measured to help provide the best care for these patients. Measures discussed in this paper could be used in programs to monitor the quality of care given to young people with cancer.

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