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This thesis focuses on the definition of terms charisma and charismatic authority and its application in new religious movements (NRMs) studies. The first part of the thesis is rather generally oriented and provides a commentary review of the most famous approaches to charisma. In the end, the discussion about various theories of charisma results in its definition from the perspective of Religious Studies. This definition is applied in the second part of this paper afterwards. Second part introduces intricate history of term NRMs and its semantics including sociological typology. Furthermore, it is argued that NRMs are charismatic movements and the author suggests a model of charismatisation degree inside NRMs. These claims head towards the deconstruction of relationship between charismatic leader and his followers. The inner dynamics of charismatisation process is stressed. By referring to problematics of origin, constitution and maintaining charisma within NRMs, this thesis proves that charisma is a relatively common, social and dialectical phenomenon.

Numerous variables from mismanagement to lack of a clear marketing approach contribute to the decline of private universities throughout the United States. Limited empirical research exists to identify which variables most frequently occur when a university is faced with the prospect of decline. It is imperative that universities understand the magnitude of the decline process so that, when faced with a decline, the university can take effective corrective action and bring about turnaround. Organizational structure theories as well as organizational decline theories are presented to gain a basic understanding of organizational dynamics and to lay the groundwork for the presentation of general organizational decline theory, stages of organizational decline and sources of organizational decline. The organizational structure of private universities are then be explored. Finally, university decline are explored both historically as well as through the development of a basic understanding of university decline theories. Presidential leadership and market orientation are thoroughly discussed as major variables of the study. A quantitative research design is utilized to identify the relationship of presidential leadership style, market orientation and university decline. Recommendations are then made based upon the data that will assist university leadership in identifying possible antecedents to university decline and the role of market orientation on decline, and which will also provide a framework for further research on those variables occurring in greatest frequency to be analyzed quantitatively in future research. The results of this study reveal several findings for the leadership of private not-for-profit universities. No relationship was found between market orientation and the university growth or decline status. Relationships were found between charismatic leadership style and the presence of a market orientation within a university. Relationships were found between aspects of charismatic leadership style and the growth or decline status of a university but overall where not significant as a whole. Recommendations are made for university presidents to consider based upon these results.

Drawn on a self-concept theory, this study hypothesized that self-leadership partly mediated between charismatic leadership and organizational commitment and self-leadership fully mediated between private self-consciousness and organizational commitment. The results indicated that charismatic leadership and private self-consciousness were positively related to self-leadership. The predictive validity of private self-consciousness for self-leadership was greater than the one of charismatic leadership. Moreover, the influence of charismatic leadership on identification or internalization was partly mediated by self-leadership. The influence of private self-consciousness on identification was fully mediated by self-leadership. However, the effect of private self-consciousness on internalization was not transmitted by self-leadership. The surprising result was explained and interpreted as evidence for the distinction between internalization and identification. Finally, further research was encouraged to identify and assess alternative subordinate processes in relation to the activation of individual and collective identity by charismatic leaders.

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This century the West constantly research on the leadership phenomenon, and has developed several theories such as the trait theories, the behavioral theories, the contingency theories, the transformational theories, the leader-member exchange theory, and the charismatic leadership. Lately Silin and Cheng Po-Hsuan focused on the leadership characteristics of Chinese enterprise administrator or leader, which can be referred as "paternalistic leadership". The Post employee has the identity of both civil servant and labor, so the supervisor of such people is also differ from the ordinary enterprise administrator, which should hold the qualities of professional manager, so, the management method of the post supervisor to his subordinate has the necessity to research and discuss. However, this research has the goals of 1. to discuss the management form of the post supervisor 2. to discuss the different effects of the different leadership theories. This research was performed on the Taiwan south area Post managing department, and base on the employee's opinion as the research tool, the data process and analysis was done by using "person relative analyze" and "Blocked Regression". The result of the research found out that out of the six major leadership theories, LMX theory only did not give satisfy result on "supervisor justice action", the rest of "supervisor evaluation", "supervisor beneficial behavior", "repayment", "promises to supervisor", and "loyalty to the supervisor", has positive effects and better expectances compare to other three leadership theories. Therefore, the administrator mode of the Post supervisor, if compared with "paternalistic leadership", "transformational leadership", "charismatic leadership", and "LMX leadership", the "LMX leadership" is more suitable. Finally, base on the result of research, some concrete suggestions can be given to the Post Office and later researchers.

This research is based on the contemporary worship life of the South Central Synod (SCS) of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY). The worship life of the SCS congregations has been disrupted since 1991 because of the impact of the charismatic movement on the traditional Lutheran worship of the SCS and related tensions. The EECMY is the church that was founded by the European Lutheran Churches. Therefore, it adheres to the Lutheran theological tradition, which limits religious authority to Scripture and emphasizes the New Testament’s teaching of conversion, new birth, and justification by grace through faith. Lutheran theological tradition does not emphasize the necessity and possibility of the charismatic gifts as part of faith practice. Any tendency to receive and experience charismatic gifts outside of Scripture and sacraments has not been addressed for traditional Lutheran worship. Rather, such experiences were strongly rejected by Lutheran confessional documents (SA III: viii). Being one of the units of the EECMY, SCS was founded on this theological tradition and assumes it for its theology and practice. The SCS traditional worship, therefore, does not recognize charismatic worship and experiences of related manifestations as necessary parts of faith practice. Since 1991 the charismatic movement has introduced the congregations to traditionally neglected charismatic worship and experiences of charismatic gifts such as prophecy, revelations, speaking in tongues, physical healing, discerning spirits and miracle working. The receiving and experiencing of these gifts have become almost a normal part of worship in the congregations. This has impacted the congregations to the extent that they consider their own traditional worship structure as contradictory to devotional worship and deeper spiritual experience. Yet the traditionalists of the congregations reject charismatic worship and related experiences of the manifestations. These distinct views have caused tensions and disruption between the members those who want freedom of worship and changes to the traditional formalism, and those who wish to maintain the traditional form of worship. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore this situation and the history that has brought it about. Having examined this, the research discusses the nature and impact of the charismatic movement and its effects on traditional Lutheran worship in the SCS, together with offering some potential contextually appropriate proposed solutions.

Thesis (PhD(Science of Religion and Missiology)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Sidinei Galli / Banca: Paulo Alves / Banca: Eduardo Basto de Albuquerque / Resumo: A especificidade do catolicismo brasileiro constituído da combinação de princípios diversificados de sistemas religiosos, e que no decorrer da organização dessa sociedade atribuilhe características específicas, garantiu a sobrevivência de um leque amplo e variado de experiências religiosas. Após o Concílio Ecumênico II (1962-1965),essas experiências foram reavaliadas, diante da postura de re-direcionamento voltado para a massa popular, uma vez que, o cenário religioso brasileiro mostrava-se pluralista e competitivo, principalmente nos anos de 1980 e 1990. Entre as mudanças ocorridas na Igreja, com base nas diretrizes estabelecidas pelo Concílio Vaticano II (1962-1965), temos: as Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, a Teologia da Libertação e a Renovação Carismática Católica, privilegiada neste trabalho. A tendência e postura desse último Concílio mostrou-se conservadora, quando passou a institucionalizar e normatizar algumas dessas experiências religiosas populares . Numa tentativa de recuperar o processo de construção conservador católico, este trabalho procura estudar a vivência religiosa carismática, através da institucionalização de algumas dessas experiências religiosas moldadas e orientadas pela Renovação Carismática Católica, a partir de uma postura e modelo específicos: os Seminários de Vida no Espírito Santo, que neste trabalho foram apreciados a partir da diocese de Marília- interior do Estado de São Paulo, estudando aqui particularmente a representatividade da cidade de Adamantina (SP) no cenário religioso brasileiro. Representatividade essa demonstrada e interpretada a partir da análise de entrevistas realizadas com um grupo de participantes de seminários, entre os anos de 1997 e 2003, possibilitada através da metodologia oral. / Abstract: The specifying of the consisting Brazilian Catholicism from the combination of diversified principles of religious systems, and through the organization of this society attributes to it specific characteristics, has guaranteed the survival of an ample and varied fan of religious experiences. After Ecumenical Conciliate II (1962-1965), these experiences had been reevaluated; facing the position of re-aiming directed toward the popular mass, once, the Brazilian religious scene revealed pluralism and competitiveness, mainly in the years of 1980 and 1990. Among the changes occurred in the Church, based on the lines established for Vatican Conciliate II (1962-1965), we have: the Base Eclectic Communities, the Theology of the Release and the Charismatic Renewal Catholic, outstand in this work. The trend and position of this last one conciliate revealed itself conservative, when it started to institutionalize and to norm some of these popular religious experiences. In an attempt to recover the construction of the c catholic conservative process, this work looks forward to study the charismatic religious experience, through the institutionalization of some of these religious experiences molded and guided by the Charismatic Renewal Catholic, from a specific position and model: the Seminaries of Life in the Holly Spirit, that in this work had been appreciated from the church in Marília- a country city in the State of São Paulo, studying here particularly the representative ness of Adamantina city (SP) in the Brazilian religious scene. Representation here, demonstrated and interpreted from the analysis of interviews carried through with a group of participants of seminaries, among the years of 1997 and 2003, made possible through the verbal methodology. / Mestre