This study proposes a primarily esthesic, listener-oriented approach to discussing music that is "out of tune" or discordant. The paper is divided into two main sections: in part one I work to define discordance as a type of qualia experienced when a hypothetical listener perceives something as "out of tune." I then present a classification scheme for categorizing different varieties of discordance qualia, based on the perceived intentionality behind discordant events. This system details three primary categories of discordance: 1) incidental, whereby discordance is introduced via a performer's mistake or oversight; 2) expressive, which includes discordances introduced intentionally by a performer; and 3) structural, whereby the discordance is systemic, resulting from factors outside the control of any individual performer. In part two, I present an analytic essay on a movement from Easley Blackwood's 1980 Twelve Microtonal Etudes, a work that invokes structural discordance qualia in listeners enculturated in twelve-tone equal temperament. This analysis explores Blackwood's attempt to mimic functional tonal syntax in nineteen-tone equal temperament, and describes the impact of the structural discordance qualia on familiar varieties of tonal ambiguity. / text

La région de Ladoga est une des plus intéressantes du bouclier Baltique pour la métallogenèse de l’uranium. Des minéralisations uranifères sont connues dans tous les niveaux stratigraphiques de la région. Les principaux gisements sont : celui de Karku associé à une discordance localisé dans les grès Mésoprotérozoïques (Riphéen) du bassin Pasha Ladoga, ceux de type grès et de type schistes noirs dans les dépôts de platforme paléozoïques inférieurs, les minéralisations localisées dans les granites anatectique et dans des roches carbonatées riches en phosphore metamorphisées appartenant au socle cristallin Archéen-Paléoprotérozoïque de la zone de Raahe-Ladoga; des minéralisations de type filonien dans le socle et les formations riphéennes. Une croissance graduelle des teneurs en U des formations géologiques et des resources minières en U est mise en évidence pendant de l’évolution géologique depuis l’Archéen jusqu'au Paléozoïque. Trois stades principaux de la métallogenèse de l’uranium ont été déterminés : le Svécofennien (1.97-1.77 Ga), le Mésoprotérozoïque (1.6-1.2 Ga) et de l’Ordovicien au Devonien (0.45-0.38 Ga). Il est montré que les gisements de type discordance, grès et filonien sont les plus prospectifs pour de découverte de gisements d’U de dimension économique dans la région de Ladoga. La plupart d’entre eux sont localisés le long de la zone Raahe-Ladoga. / The Ladoga region is one of the most interesting areas of the Baltic Shield with respect to U metallogenesis. U mineralization occurs at all stratigraphic levels of the geological succession in the region. The main U occurrences are: the unconformity-related Karku deposit in the Mesoproterozoic (Riphean) sandstones of the Pasha Ladoga basin, those of sandstone and blackshale type in the Lower Paleozoic platform sediments, the mineralization located in anatectic granites and metamorphosed phosphorites in the Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement of the Raahe-Ladoga zone, vein type U mineralization hosted in the basement and in the Riphean. U content in the geological formations and U ore resources gradually increase during the geological evolution of the Ladoga region from Archaean to Paleozoic. Three main stages of U metallogenesis have been identified: Svecofennian (1.97-1.77 Ga), Mesoproterozoic (1.6-1.2 Ga) and Ordovician-Devonian (0.45-0.38 Ga). Unconformity-related, sandstone and vein types represent the most prospective ones for the discovery of economic-grade U deposits in the Ladoga region. Most of the promising areas are located along the Raahe-Ladoga zone.

We conducted a retrospective review of discordant pathology for lymphoma patients treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital between 2000 and 2003. We identified 2818 lymphoma patients of which 1567 (38%) met inclusion criteria with 167 discordant cases (discordance rate 15.7%). Six reviewers blinded to clinical management rated potential for harm on a minimal to severe scoring. The majority (67.6%) received a rating of moderate to severe. Review of actual clinical management revealed unnecessary surgical procedures, incorrect chemotherapy and under or over treatment of patients. For discordant cases, 8.4% were identified as having severe actual harm. This means that 1/6 patients diagnosed with lymphoma may have a change in diagnosis after pathologic review, 1/9 will have discordance with the potential to cause moderate to severe consequences, and 1/75 will experience significant clinical harm. We conclude that pathologic discordance in lymphoma is common and can lead to patient harm.

We conducted a retrospective review of discordant pathology for lymphoma patients treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital between 2000 and 2003. We identified 2818 lymphoma patients of which 1567 (38%) met inclusion criteria with 167 discordant cases (discordance rate 15.7%). Six reviewers blinded to clinical management rated potential for harm on a minimal to severe scoring. The majority (67.6%) received a rating of moderate to severe. Review of actual clinical management revealed unnecessary surgical procedures, incorrect chemotherapy and under or over treatment of patients. For discordant cases, 8.4% were identified as having severe actual harm. This means that 1/6 patients diagnosed with lymphoma may have a change in diagnosis after pathologic review, 1/9 will have discordance with the potential to cause moderate to severe consequences, and 1/75 will experience significant clinical harm. We conclude that pathologic discordance in lymphoma is common and can lead to patient harm.

Adolescence is a developmental period marked by heightened emotional intensity, negative emotions, and self-consciousness. Problems with emotion regulation during adolescence have been linked to the development of internalizing and externalizing disorders (Hastings et al., 2009). Emotion regulation involves changes across several integrated emotion domains: (1) Experience, (2) Arousal, and (3) Expression (Ekman, 1992; Gross, 2007; Lang, 1994; Lazarus, 1991; Levenson, 1994). Emotion is not necessarily regulated equally across these three domains, in fact discordant responses are more common than concordant ones (Mauss & Robinson, 2009). Discordance represents how emotion is being regulated during a specific event, but it has not been directly linked with habitual emotion regulation strategies. Different patterns among these emotional domains have been linked to internalizing and externalizing problems and coping skills (Hastings et al., 2009; Mauss et al, 2005; Zalewski et al., 2009a, b). The current study expands on previous research by (1) simultaneously measuring and analyzing experience, arousal, and expression, and (2) understanding how patterns of concordance and discordance relate to individual difference factors such as gender, habitual emotion regulation strategies, and internalizing and externalizing problems in a typically developing adolescent sample. This study involved measuring the experience, arousal, and expression of self-conscious emotion in 138 adolescents (55% female) during a video-recorded social stressor speech task. Participants rated their emotional experience via questionnaire after the speech task. Physiological data were reduced from recordings during the speech and observational coders rated the emotional expression of participants from video files of the speeches. Patterns of responses across experience, arousal, and expression were grouped using cluster analysis. The different patterns of response were related to different profiles of habitual emotion regulation strategies and problematic internalizing and externalizing behaviour. Adolescents classified as “Experience-Expressive” (high experience, moderate arousal, high expression) or “Suppressive” (high experience, high arousal, low expression) had more problematic socioemotional functioning than those classified as “Expressive” (low experience, moderate arousal, high expression) or “Low-Reactive” (low experience, low arousal, low expression). There was not strong evidence for differences across gender. The current study contributes to the understanding of adolescent emotional regulation and the development of psychopathology in adolescence. / Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-31 15:21:33.479

Advancements in communication and transportation have facilitated migration processes and extended the possibility of migration to many people who couldn’t afford it in the past. This movement of people from one place to another and the attached flow of human capital are potentially the most potent political and economic forces that are changing the world by promising worldwide opportunities and challenges in the century ahead. Immigration and immigrants are altering the sociocultural and economic fabric of societies across the globe, affecting the majority/minority balance and inducing profound changes in host countries. Moreover, these changes are causing friction between immigrant ethnic groups and local populations. Manifestations of these frictions may present themselves in the form of ethnic discrimination against immigrants by the dominant group in the host society. Based on an extensive literature review, a model was developed to investigate the effects of immigrant-perceived ethnic discrimination on the relationship with national brands. A multi-group structural equation modeling approach is used to test this proposed model and its hypotheses. Study findings suggest that immigrant perceived ethnic discrimination does have an effect on the immigrants’ (dis)identification with national brands and ultimately their decision to purchase national brands. This relationship is mediated by immigrants’ (dis)identification with national consumers. Moreover, findings corroborate the notion that the more perceived difference in the desired acculturation orientations between immigrants and their host society influences immigrants’ perception of ethnic discrimination. From an academic standpoint, this study contributes to two under-researched areas in the marketing literature: (1) Immigrant consumers, and (2) Effects of ethnic discrimination on consumer behavior. This study contributes to better understanding of these two areas through incorporating novel conceptualizations of acculturation orientations discordance, perceived ethnic discrimination and stereotyping into a multigroup analysis to study the effects of these phenomena on the immigrant consumer’s relationship with national brands. From a marketing practice standpoint, in an era of increased cultural pluralism and anti-immigration climate, this study informs marketers of influences on immigrant market behaviors and their relations with national brands.

Un écart considérable existe entre l’ampleur du diagnostic psychiatrique de schizophrène et la réticente appréhension de cette clinique par la psychanalyse lacanienne. Les deux approches s’accordent néanmoins sur l’absence de désir dans la schizophrénie. Il s’agit de démontrer ici l’existence d’un désir pour ensuite le qualifier et le décrire. La tentative d’institution d’un désir non symbolisé au champ de l’Autre ainsi que la levée de méconnaissance sur le corps en tant que terme du désir – syntagmes lacaniens concernant le désir psychotique - servent de base de travail. En effet, le rapport du schizophrène à l’Autre et à son corps ainsi que la consistance du champ de l’Imaginaire permettent de repérer un autre outil que le délire pour faire face à l’angoisse suscitée par le désir de l’Autre, ainsi la dissociation - marque de l’identification du sujet schizophrène à la discordance de la machine de la langue - est-elle élevée au rang de tentative de guérison. Aussi, un désir dissocié se verra tenté d’être soutenu par l’instabilité d’un fantasme (homosexuel) peinant à se formaliser en pousse-à-la-femme. / There is a great gap between the large scope of the psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia and the reluctant understanding of this condition by the lacanaian psychoanalysis. Nevertheless, both approaches agree on the absence of desire in schizophrenia. The purpose here is to demonstrate the existence of desire, and then to qualify it and describe it. Both the attempt of institutionalization on the Otherness field and the ignorance of the body as part of the desire – lacanian syntagma about psychotic desire – serve as a basis of work. Indeed, the schizophrenic’s relationship to the Other and its body as well as the consistency of the Imaginary allow to notice a tool other than delirium to face the distress caused by the desire of the Other. In this way, dissociation – the identification mark of the schizophrenic subject to the discordance of the language mechanism – is raised as an attempt to cure. Therefore, there will be an attempt to support a dissociated desire with the instability of a fantasy (homosexual fantasy) struggling to formalize in pousse-à-la-femme.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a major public health concern for youth in the United States. Eating behaviors, such as meal skipping and eating family dinner, are associated with obesity. School connectedness and family connectedness assess the degree to which an individual feels that he or she belongs in an environment, and strong feelings of school connectedness are associated with decreased BMI. This study qualitatively evaluates the relationships between feelings of home and school connectedness and specific eating behaviors associated with obesity in an adolescent population. METHODS: Participants were recruited from an adolescent clinic at Boston Children's Hospital. Inclusion criteria for recruitment included adolescents who were: Black/ African American or Hispanic and non-White, between 13 and 19 years of age, and living in the Boston neighborhoods of Dorchester, Roxbury, or Mattapan. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide, and participant data was analyzed by systematically identifying thematic language in the data by identifying similar phrases, patterns of descriptions, and notable disparities in participant content. RESULTS: 14 (10 females, 4 males; M=15.8 years of age) were enrolled and interviewed. Mean participant BMI was 27.3. 10 participants rarely/never skipped lunch, and 4 participants often/always skipped lunch. 6 participants ate dinner at home with their family always/ often, and 4 rarely/never ate dinner at home with their family. Most reported that their school's community, quality of education, and small environments were the most important aspects of their school. Of the 4 participants who attended school in the suburbs, 3 were connected or very connected to their school and disconnected from their neighborhoods. Every participant expressed feeling safe at school, but many cited lack of safety as their least favorite aspect of their neighborhood. Some reported that they felt safe, even though they knew that their neighborhoods were unsafe. CONCLUSION: Of the five students who felt 'very connected' to their schools, all but one always/often ate the food provided by their schools. These students discussed the ways in which their schools listened to student suggestions about school food. These feelings may suggest a stronger sense of feeling respected by one's school. Strong feelings of school connectedness in the majority of students who attend school in the suburbs warrant further exploration, as those who experience discordant home and school environments seemed more likely to embrace their school environment than their neighborhood environment. Furthermore, understanding how perceived neighborhood safety may contribute to feelings of home and neighborhood connectedness and possibly eating behaviors at or around home merits further examination.

<p><font size="4" face="TrebuchetMS,BoldItalic"><font size="4" face="TrebuchetMS,BoldItalic"> <p>The study used a qualitative approach. Fourteen (14) in-depth interviews were conducted with English and Luganda speaking adult male and female clients on antiretroviral treatment (ART), in TASO Mulago. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with 8 purposively selected ART clients who were considered to be &lsquo / expert&rsquo / clients in TASO Mulago. These participants were expert clients/ peer educators, who were open about their HIV status and have been involved in HIV/AIDS education and advocacy. The individual interviews and the focus group discussion were transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic and content analysis. Male and female participants who were married (primary relationship) disclosed their sero-status to their sexual partners, while few of those cohabiting or in steady relationship (only one) disclosed to their partners. Enabling factors to disclose to current sexual partners included: desire for partner to get treatment, need for the partner&rsquo / s support, having prior knowledge of partner&rsquo / s HIV status, out of anger, and having anxiety about the future. Some of the barriers to disclosure included: fear of blame and disappointing the partner, fear of abandonment, fear of stigma and discrimination. Participants suggested that couple counselling and testing, economic independence, peer support and involvement of the TASO staff in disclosure should be considered to facilitate or promote disclosure to sexual partners.</p> </font></font></p>

<p><font size="4" face="TrebuchetMS,BoldItalic"><font size="4" face="TrebuchetMS,BoldItalic"> <p>The study used a qualitative approach. Fourteen (14) in-depth interviews were conducted with English and Luganda speaking adult male and female clients on antiretroviral treatment (ART), in TASO Mulago. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with 8 purposively selected ART clients who were considered to be &lsquo / expert&rsquo / clients in TASO Mulago. These participants were expert clients/ peer educators, who were open about their HIV status and have been involved in HIV/AIDS education and advocacy. The individual interviews and the focus group discussion were transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic and content analysis. Male and female participants who were married (primary relationship) disclosed their sero-status to their sexual partners, while few of those cohabiting or in steady relationship (only one) disclosed to their partners. Enabling factors to disclose to current sexual partners included: desire for partner to get treatment, need for the partner&rsquo / s support, having prior knowledge of partner&rsquo / s HIV status, out of anger, and having anxiety about the future. Some of the barriers to disclosure included: fear of blame and disappointing the partner, fear of abandonment, fear of stigma and discrimination. Participants suggested that couple counselling and testing, economic independence, peer support and involvement of the TASO staff in disclosure should be considered to facilitate or promote disclosure to sexual partners.</p> </font></font></p>