Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Köln, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Univ., Diss.--Oldenburg, 2000. / Literaturverz. S. 321 - 350.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waikato, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-273) Also available via the World Wide Web.

Aim: Auditor objectivity in the auditing process is an important part of the IASB and FASB framework as well as in the SOX act. It is unclear whether auditor’s self-efficacy through selection of negotiation strategy affect the auditor’s objectivity. The purpose of the study is to improve the understanding of what impacts auditor objectivity and as a result show new strategies on how to increase it. Method: Deductive approach with a literature review as secondary data and a web-based questionnaire carried out among 3,264 Swedish auditors as primary data. Analysis was done with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and reported in the SmartPLS and SPSS software. Result & Conclusions: Prior negative negotiation experiences have a detrimental effect on both distributive and integrative negotiation self-efficacy. Distributive negotiation self-efficacy and auditing self-efficacy increase objectivity mainly through the mediation of contending strategy. No relationship between integrative negotiation self-efficacy and negotiation strategy or auditor objectivity was found, possibly due to weak theoretical constructs. No causal claims are posed on these relations. Bandura’s four main sources of influence on self-efficacy can be considered as guides on how to shield the auditor from the detrimental effect of failures and build up self-efficacy to perform better in negotiation. Suggestions for future research: Develop stronger constructs for PNE, ISE and expanding-the-agenda-of-issues strategy. Using multiple imputation instead of mean replacement for missing data is highly recommended. Gather at least 400 responses in order to gain stronger statistical power. Introduce a prior auditing experiences construct for ASE to raise awareness of potential differences in how prior experiences affect DSE, ISE and ASE. Contribution of the thesis: This paper uniquely contributes to the literature on factors influencing auditor objectivity. Its main use to auditors, accounting legislators, researchers etc. at the moment is to add to the discussion about objectivity.

Le cancer pulmonaire non à petites cellules (CNPC) est la première cause de décès par cancer dans le monde. Ce cancer est souvent découvert tardivement, il est agressif, et il est chimio-résistant. La découverte de biomarqueurs pourraient représenter une percée majeure pour la prise en charge de ces patients, en facilitant le diagnostic, le pronostic et orienter vers le choix du traitement le plus approprié. Nous avons exploré plusieurs aspects liés à la progression tumorale dans le but d’identifier de nouveaux biomarqueurs dans les CNPC. Nous avons démontré un impact antagoniste sur l’évolution des CNPC des anhydrases carboniques IX et XII, induites par l’hypoxie tumorale. Une forte expression tissulaire et plasmatique de CAIX est un biomarqueur de mauvais pronostic chez les patients présentant un CNPC, tandis que l’expression tissulaire de CAXII serait prédictive d’une évolution favorable. De plus, nous avons montré que la réoxygénation dynamique des tumeurs serait à l’origine de cet antagonisme. Deuxièmement, la composante cellulaire du microenvironnement tumoral a été étudiée et plus particulièrement nous avons démontré qu’un recrutement par les cellules tumorales des neutrophiles exprimant un marqueur spécifique CD66b pourrait avoir un signal positif au cours de la progression tumorale des CNPC. Troisièmement, le compartiment sanguin a été évalué en relation avec l’évolution des tumeurs et plus particulièrement nous avons démontré la valeur majeure diagnostique et pronostique des cellules tumorales circulantes (CTC) chez les patients atteints d’un CNPC. Enfin, les CTC semblent représenter également le support idéal pour la mise en évidence de biomarqueurs théranostiques dans les CNPC. En conclusion, ces travaux explorent les possibilités et les limites de l’identification de biomarqueurs, en soulignant l'importance de la qualité des échantillons et de l'exactitude et l'exhaustivité des données cliniques afin d'obtenir des résultats reproductibles. / The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Reliable and validated biomarkers could represent a possible breakthrough in the management of this tumour type, by facilitating diagnosis, refining prognosis and providing guidance towards the choice of the most appropriate therapy. In this thesis we approach the field of NSCLC biomarkers by exploring several aspects related to carcinogenesis and tumour progression. First, we have demonstrated a dual impact of two proteins activated by hypoxia, carbonic anhydrases IX and XII, on the outcome of NSCLC patients. We have demonstrated that high tissue and plasma CAIX expression may be a biomarker of poor prognosis and early relapse in NSCLC patients, whereas the CAXII tissue expression would be predictive of a favourable evolution. In addition, we have shown that dynamic reoxygenation of tumours would be at the origin of this antagonism. Furthermore, the cellular component of the tumour microenvironment has been studied and more particularly we have demonstrated that recruitment by the tumour cells of a subpopulation of neutrophils expressing a specific marker CD66b could have a positive signal during tumour progression of NSCLC. Thirdly, the blood compartment has been evaluated in relationship with the evolution of tumours and in particular we have demonstrated the major diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in patients with NSCLC. Finally, the CTC seem to represent the ideal tool for the detection of biomarkers theranostic in the NCPC. In conclusions, the works presented in this thesis explore possibilities and limitations of biomarker research in NSCLC, highlighting the importance of the quality of the samples and of the accuracy and completeness of clinical data in order to obtain reproducible results.

Orientador: Elenice Deffune / Resumo: Feridas crônicas consistem em lesões que não cicatrizam espontaneamente ou recorrentes, mesmo após o tratamento em período superior a três semanas. O processo de restauração da pele é complexo e interdependente, defronta-se com diversos fatores locais ou sistêmicos que interferem na cicatrização, além das interferências culturais e econômicas na escolha do tratamento. Atualmente existem vários recursos terapêuticos, práticas integrativas e complementares, que auxiliam o profissional e o portador na definição e maior adesão ao tratamento. Objetivos: Identificar o saber popular referido por pacientes em tratamento de feridas crônicas, no ambulatório de biocurativo no período de 2007-2010 e analisar o estado da arte sobre o uso de práticas integrativas e complementares através de uma revisão bibliográfica. Material e método: Foram consultados arquivos do Ambulatório de Biocurativo e do Laboratório de Engenharia Celular de portadores de feridas crônicas sobre a escolha do tratamento e através de pesquisa em base de dados construção de uma contextualização de tipos de tratamentos. Conclusão: Majoritariamente o saber popular é transmitido pelos pais, de geração a geração, com orientações de restrições alimentares de proteína, utilização de plantas medicinais para auxiliar na cicatrização. Quanto ao uso de práticas integrativas identificou-se que muitas delas não encontram-se baseadas em evidências, mas não tendo contraindicações, devem ser aceitas sob revisão periódica da equipe de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Chronic wounds consist of injuries which do not heal spontaneously, or recur, even after treatment longer than three weeks. The process of skin restoration is complex and interdependent; it encounters several local or systemic factors that interfere in healing, besides the cultural and economic interferences in the choice of treatment. Currently there are several therapeutic resources, integrative and complementary practices which help the professional and the patient on the definition and greater adhesion to the treatment. Objectives: To identify the popular knowledge referred to by patients, in the treatment of chronic wounds in the bio-curative outpatient clinic, between 2007-2010 and to analyze the state of the art on the use of integrative and complementary practices through a bibliographic review. Material and method: Archives of the Bio-curative Outpatient Clinic and the Cellular Engineering Laboratory of chronic wound patients and a database were searched, concerning the choice of treatment, aiming to elaborate a contextualization of types of treatments. Conclusion: Most popular knowledge is transmitted by parents, from generation to generation, comprising guidelines of protein food restrictions, use of medicinal plants to aid in healing. Regarding the use of integrative practices, it was identified that many of them are not based on evidences, but not presenting contraindication, they should be accepted under periodic review of the assistance team, as a motivation fo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre