År 2019 var rekordår i transaktionsvolym på Stockholms kommersiella fastighetsmarknad där en mångfald av investerarkategorier var aktiva. De lägen där fastighetsinvesteringar görs kategoriseras kommunvis för fastighetstyper efter lägets attraktion på en skala som benämns AA, A, B, C, och D där AA är det mest attraktiva läget och D det minst attraktiva läget. Ett toppläge i en kommun kan inte jämföras med ett toppläge i en annan kommun trots att de båda kan ha samma klassificering, exempelvis A. Generellt för branschen är att de mest attraktiva lägena finns i Stockholms innerstad. Detta har väckt intresset för att finna samband mellan investerarkategorier och fastighetsinvesteringars lägen i Stockholms län som helhet samt mellan Stockholms kommun och Övriga kommuner i jämförelse.  Som en fördjupning utförs en analys i hur investeringspåverkande faktorer i ett A-läge kan skilja sig mellan olika kommuner, där A-lägen valts för att det finns mer data att tillgå än för AA-lägen. Metoden som använts för att finna samband mellan investerarkategorier och investeringars lägen i Stockholms län, Stockholms kommun och dess övriga kommuner har bestått av att kartlägga och analysera transaktionsdata över Stockholms län 2019. För att ta reda på vilka investeringspåverkande faktorer som finns för att investera i ett A-läge i olika kommuner i Stockholms län har en enkätundersökning som grundar sig på teori om investeringspåverkande faktorer genomförts.  Kartläggning av transaktionsdatan visar en spridd fördelning av investerarkategorierna i olika lägen både i Stockholms kommun och övriga kommuner. Exempel på vad kartläggningen visar är att de mest aktiva investerarkategorierna i AA-lägen var privata fastighetsbolag och övriga investerare samt att de opportunistiska fastighetsfonderna enbart genomförde transaktioner i B-lägen i Stockholms kommun. Enkätundersökningen visar att det finns vissa likheter i påverkande faktorer till att investera i industrifastigheterna mellan kommunerna. Faktorer som påverkade att investera i industrifastigheter i ett A-läge visar sig vara anknutna till samtliga nivåer av läget: mikroläge, närområde och närområdets attraktivitet. Vidare fanns en generell inställning att närhet till motorväg och hög teknisk standard var positiva faktorer för att investera i en industrifastighet i ett A-läge. Vidare framgår att påverkande faktorer för att investera i en fastighet för bostadsändamål har koppling till hur detaljplan i området möjliggör önskvärd användning, vilket på längre sikt kan innebära ett lyft för närområdet. Andra påverkande faktorer till att investera i en fastighet för bostadsändamål kan relateras till närområdet där samhällsservice och stadsmiljö ansågs attraktivt enligt investerarna. En intressant skillnad när det kommer till fastighetsinvesteringar för bostadsutvecklingsändamål är att de fysiska faktorerna i mindre grad verkade påverka investeraren i Stockholms kommun, jämfört med investeraren i Täby kommun där det ansågs vara väldigt viktigt. / 2019 was a record year in transaction volume in Stockholm's commercial real estate market. A variety of investor categories were involved in transactions in Stockholm County. The locations where real estate investments are made are categorized by the municipality and its property type according to the location's attraction on a scale with AA, A, B, C, and D where AA is the most attractive location and D the least attractive location. An A-location in one municipality is not necessarily comparable with an A-location in another municipality, where the city in general has the most attractive locations. This has aroused interest in finding links between investor categories and the locations of real estate investments in Stockholm County as well as between Stockholm municipality and other municipalities in a comparison. As a deeper study, an analysis is carried out to explain how factors affecting real estate investment in an A-location can differ between different municipalities. Investments in A-locations are chosen to analyze since it no matter municipality is supposed to be an attractive location and A-locations have more available data than AA-locations. The method used to find links between investor categories and the locations of investments in Stockholm County, Stockholm Municipality, and its other municipalities has consisted of mapping and analyzing transaction data over Stockholm County 2019. To understand how factors affecting investments differ between A-locations in different municipalities in Stockholm County a survey based on the theory of investment influencing factors has been implemented.  The transaction data shows a variation of investor categories in different locations, both in Stockholm municipality and other municipalities. Examples of what the data shows are that the most active investor categories in AA-locations were private real estate companies and “other investors”, and that the opportunistic real estate funds only were involved in transactions in B-locations in Stockholm municipality. The survey shows that there are some similarities in factors affecting the investments in industrial properties between municipalities. Investing in industrial properties in an A-location appears to be linked to all levels of the location: micro, neighborhood, and the attractiveness of the neighborhood. Furthermore, there was a general attitude that proximity to the highway and high technical standards were positive factors for investing in industrial property. Reasons for investing in a property for residential purposes appear to be strongly linked to how the detailed development plan in the area matches the investor's intention of buying the property, which in short-term doesn’t have anything with the location itself to do, but in the long term can affect the neighborhood. Other factors for investing in a property for residential purposes may be related to the neighborhood where community service and urban environment were considered attractive factors for a location. An interesting difference when it comes to real estate investments with housing development purposes is that the physical factors seem to have a lesser impact for the investor in Stockholm municipality, compared to Täby where the investor considered it very important.

De Quincey's writing has already been thoroughly examined from the point of view of his critical statements, and attempts have been made to resolve some of the many contradictions which occur in such statements. In this thesis, however, De Quincey's work is approached not from a consideration of critical theory but through an examination of his ideas and techniques as they related to the well established literary and psychological category of the sublime. De Quincey's interpretation of the sublime in literature relates closely to his theory of the literature of power, and provides a central standpoint from which to examine many different aspects of his writing. De Quincey's general application of the theory of sublimity reveals a concentration upon a certain number of fixed formulae which can be used as guidelines to his criticism of literature as well as his own creative processes. De Quincey's ideas relating to sublimity provide, in addition, a religious and philosophical background from which to approach both the areas of criticism and creation. Ideas connected with the sublime also allow a convenient approach to De Quincey's theory of symbolism, his use of opium, and the dreams which haunted his life and became the substance of his creative writing. To observe the close relationship between these various aspects of De Quincey's life and thought is to become aware of the patterns which dominated his literary processes. Having shown the various modes of the sublime as exemplified by De Quincey's works in general, the thesis proceeds to a detailed examination of some passages in his literary criticism as they specifically relate to these modes. The emphasis is not upon the value and meaning of the criticism per se, but rather upon the extent to which it expresses De Quincey's continuing search for the powerful or sublime effect in literature. The critical contexts examined are seen to function on the basic principles already established, and these same principles are then applied to De Quincey's major fiction. The same patterns, involving paradox, symbolism and revelation, are clearly in evidence, and, indeed, reveal the main intention of these works. The English Mail-Coach, The Confessions of an English Opium Eater, and the Suspiria De Profundis are all discussed in considerable detail, and while considerations other than that of the principle of the sublime are included, this principle remains always the basic starting point. From an analysis of the workings of the sublime principle in De Quincey's writing, a new kind of unity becomes apparent in his work, a unity of symbols and images, of mood and emotion. An awareness of this special kind of unity contributes to an understanding of a writer who seems, on many occasions, to be discontinuous, erratic and wildly mistaken. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24393号 / 理博第4892号 / 新制||理||1699(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 長谷川 真人, 教授 牧野 和久, 准教授 照井 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In this licentiate thesis we present a proof of the initiality conjecture for Martin-Löf’s type theory with 0, 1, N, A+B, ∏AB, ∑AB, IdA(u,v), countable hierarchy of universes (Ui)iєN closed under these type constructors and with type of elements (ELi(a))iєN. We employ the categorical semantics of contextual categories. The proof is based on a formalization in the proof assistant Agda done by Guillaume Brunerie and the author. This work was part of a joint project with Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine and Anders Mörtberg, who are developing a separate formalization of this conjecture with respect to categories with attributes and using the proof assistant Coq over the UniMath library instead. Results from this project are planned to be published in the future. We start by carefully setting up the syntax and rules for the dependent type theory in question followed by an introduction to contextual categories. We then define the partial interpretation of raw syntax into a contextual category and we prove that this interpretation is total on well-formed input. By doing so, we define a functor from the term model, which is built out of the syntax, into any contextual category and we show that any two such functors are equal. This establishes that the term model is initial among contextual categories. At the end we discuss details of the formalization and future directions for research. In particular, we discuss a memory issue that arose in type checking the formalization and how it was resolved. / <p>Licentiate defense over Zoom.</p>

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On January 1, 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture and Marine Resources in the Department of Marine Resources of the Bahamas promulgated significant revisions to their sports-fishing regulations. While the new laws were designed to benefit the Bahamian fisheries, they caused a vociferous uproar among non-resident anglers who frequent the islands of the Bahamas to sports-fish. Of particular concern are the new regulations that limit the maximum weight and number of fish which non-resident anglers may keep on their boat. My research examines the claims-making activities made by American anglers on four different sports-fishermen/cruising forums. The analysis focuses on the motifs, rhetorical idioms, counterrhetorical strategies, and styles among sports-fishermen who fish the Bahamas.

This dissertation deals with the evolutionary optimization of ART neural network architectures. ART (adaptive resonance theory) was introduced by a Grossberg in 1976. In the last 20 years (1987-2007) a number of ART neural network architectures were introduced into the literature (Fuzzy ARTMAP (1992), Gaussian ARTMAP (1996 and 1997) and Ellipsoidal ARTMAP (2001)). In this dissertation, we focus on the evolutionary optimization of ART neural network architectures with the intent of optimizing the size and the generalization performance of the ART neural network. A number of researchers have focused on the evolutionary optimization of neural networks, but no research has been performed on the evolutionary optimization of ART neural networks, prior to 2006, when Daraiseh has used evolutionary techniques for the optimization of ART structures. This dissertation extends in many ways and expands in different directions the evolution of ART architectures, such as: (a) uses a multi-objective optimization of ART structures, thus providing to the user multiple solutions (ART networks) with varying degrees of merit, instead of a single solution (b) uses GA parameters that are adaptively determined throughout the ART evolution, (c) identifies a proper size of the validation set used to calculate the fitness function needed for ART's evolution, thus speeding up the evolutionary process, (d) produces experimental results that demonstrate the evolved ART's effectiveness (good accuracy and small size) and efficiency (speed) compared with other competitive ART structures, as well as other classifiers (CART (Classification and Regression Trees) and SVM (Support Vector Machines)). The overall methodology to evolve ART using a multi-objective approach, the chromosome representation of an ART neural network, the genetic operators used in ART's evolution, and the automatic adaptation of some of the GA parameters in ART's evolution could also be applied in the evolution of other exemplar based neural network classifiers such as the probabilistic neural network and the radial basis function neural network.

For years, researchers have examined financial data in corporate earnings announcements and their influence on market participants. More recently, a body of research has been developing recognizing the impact of narrative disclosures and managers' deliberate language choices. However, no prior studies have investigated those language choices of managers which are likely unintentional in composing such narratives; language choices which, as previous research has revealed, escape conscious access. Using an empirically-grounded model which systematically classifies different predicates, I examined whether managers use systematic patterns of language when construing the earnings press release in a likely unintentional effort to channel or direct readers' attention. I found that managers write positive information using a more concrete construal than negative information. Additionally, I used experimental data to examine whether these systematic differences lead to different perceptions of the company and its value as an investment alternative. Nonprofessional investors performed an analysis of an earnings press release where I manipulated the valence of the narrative as positive or negative and the construal of the narrative as abstract or concrete. I found that these manipulations had an interactive influence on investment decisions. Specifically, investors were least likely to invest when a negatively valenced narrative was written concretely. I also found that the influence of the narrative on the investment decision was direct and not the result of the narrative influencing the investors' focus of attention on the accompanying financial statements. Additionally, I tested whether the investor judgments were due to intentional cognitive effects and found that the influence of the narrative on the investment decision was not conscious on the part of the investor. Lastly, I conducted an analysis of archival data to examine the relationship between managers' language use in forward-looking statements of the earnings press release and future firm performance and the extent to which the market responds to these linguistic clues. Results from the analysis suggest that construal is predictive of future firm performance and the market is incorporating this into pricing for firms that meet or beat earnings expectations.

We construct a category of short hammocks and show that it has the weak homotopy type of mapping spaces. In doing so we tackle the problem of applying the nerve to large categories without the use of multiple universes. We also explore what the mapping space is. The main tool in showing the connection between hammocks and mapping spaces will be the use of homotopy groupoids, homotopy groupoid actions and the homotopy fiber of their corresponding bar constructions. / <p>QC 20141208</p>

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