abstract: Private labels command a growing share of food retailers' shelf space. In this dissertation, I explain this phenomenon as resulting from "umbrella branding," or the ability of a single brand to reach across categories. Conceptually, I define umbrella branding as a behavioral attribute that describes a shopper's tendency to ascribe a performance bond to a brand, or to associate certain performance characteristics to a private label brand, across multiple categories. In the second chapter, I describe the performance bond theory in detail, and then test this theory using scanner data in the chapter that follows. Because secondary data has limitations for testing behavioral theories, however, I test the performance bond theory of umbrella branding using a laboratory experiment in the fourth chapter. In this chapter, I find that households tend to transfer their perception of private label performance across categories, or that a manifestation of umbrella branding behavior can indeed explain private labels' success. In the fifth chapter, I extend this theory to compare umbrella branding in international markets, and find that performance transference takes its roots in consumers' cultural backgrounds. Taken together, my results suggest that umbrella branding is an important behavioral mechanism, and one that can be further exploited by retailers across any consumer good category with strong credence attributes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Agribusiness 2014

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-09T11:59:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isis Santos Cabral Carneiro.pdf: 1623059 bytes, checksum: c3b08c3aad9561bb6e52b0ccf1e4e5d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T11:59:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isis Santos Cabral Carneiro.pdf: 1623059 bytes, checksum: c3b08c3aad9561bb6e52b0ccf1e4e5d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The reef environments have the highest species diversity among marine ecosystems. The reef fish communities are characterized by their high diversity, both in terms of numbers of species as in morphology and are important components of the biota of these environments, working in the structuring of communities through predation and competition processes. The structure of fish populations respond to various environmental factors (rainfall regime, environmental geomorphology, tidal dynamics, water transparency, quality and type of organic matter, current velocity and availability of food resources), these factors influence the spatial distribution and temporal species. Thus, this aimed to understand the timeline distribution of fish populations between the pools with or without connection to the open sea in Rocas Atoll, identifying the environmental characteristics with the greatest influence on the structure of fish populations. This is the only atoll in the South Atlantic Ocean and is located 266 km off the Brazilian coast, differs from other atolls because it is composed exclusively of algae encrusting coralline. In its plateau occur tidal pools, canals and sandy islands. 90 hours of diving were held in two pools with connection to the open sea and two disjoint through five linearly arranged transects the edge to the center of the pool, including the dry and rainy seasons. The temperature data were recorded, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen from each pool much water in the dry season and the rainy. It was identified to the substrate composition of the pools through the photos using the methodology Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions program. 12,065 individuals, distributed in 20 families and 33 species were observed. The pools with connection with the sea showed the highest values of diversity and abundance and presented as the most abundant species Thalassoma noronhanum, Acanthurus chirurgus, Abudefduf saxatilis and Stegastes rocacensis, these species are equivalent to 87.3% of relative abundance these pools. The pools without connection with the sea showed a difference in the fish community in comparison to the pools with connection, being the most abundant species the A.saxatilis, A. chirurgus, T. noronhanum and Haemulon chrysargyreum. The richness, diversity and equitability varied between climatic periods and connection type. A significant correlation between the diversity and depth (RS 0,322e = p <0.05) was observed. They were observed seven types of substrate: coral, zoanthid, turf algae, seaweed, corallinae algae, gravel and sand. The substrate showed a correlation between the two pools open with rS = 0.857, p <0.05 where both presented seaweed as most of the substrate. In Rocas Atoll the connection type and depth of the pool, time of year and the type of substrate influence the composition and distribution of fish populations between the pools. / Os ambientes recifais apresentam a maior diversidade de espécies dentre os ecossistemas marinhos. As comunidades de peixes recifais são caracterizadas pela sua elevada diversidade, tanto em termos de números de espécies como em morfologia, sendo componentes importantes da biota destes ambientes, atuando na estruturação das comunidades através de processos de predação e competição. A estrutura da ictiofauna responde a diversos fatores ambientais (regime de pluviosidade, geomorfologia do ambiente, dinâmica da maré, transparência da água, qualidade e tipo de matéria orgânica, velocidade das correntes e disponibilidade dos recursos alimentares), esses fatores influenciam na distribuição espacial e temporal das espécies. Desta forma, o presente objetivou compreender a distribuição espaço temporal da ictiofauna entre as piscinas com ou sem conexão com o mar aberto no Atol das Rocas, identificando as características ambientais com maior influência na estruturação da ictiofauna. Este é o único atol do Oceano Atlântico Sul e está localizado a 266 km da costa brasileira, difere dos outros atóis porque é composto exclusivamente por algas coralíneas incrustantes. Em seu platô ocorrem piscinas de maré, canais e ilhas arenosas. Foram realizadas 90 horas de mergulho, em duas piscinas com conexão com o mar aberto e duas sem conexão, por meio de cinco transectos dispostos linearmente da borda para o centro da piscina, abrangendo os períodos seco e chuvoso. Foram registrados os dados de temperatura, salinidade, pH e oxigênio dissolvido da água de cada piscina tanto no período seco como no chuvoso. Foi identificada a composicão do substrato das piscinas através da metodologia de fotografias utilizando o programa Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions. Foram observados 12.065 indivíduos, distribuídos em 20 famílias e 33 espécies. As piscinas com conexão com o mar apresentaram os maiores valores de diversidade e abundância e apresentaram como espécie mais abundantes Thalassoma noronhanum, Acanthurus chirurgus, Abudefduf saxatilise, Stegastes rocacensis, essas espécies equivalem a 87,3% da abundância relativa dessas piscinas. As piscinas sem conexão com o mar apresentaram uma diferença na composição ictiofaunística em comparação com as piscinas fechadas, sendo as espécies mais abundantes o Abudefuf saxatilis, A. chirurgus, T. noronhanum e Haemulonchrysargyreum. Os valores de riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade variaram entre períodos climáticos e tipo de conexão. Foi observada uma correlação entre a diversidade e profundidade (rS=0,322e p<0,05).Foram observados sete tipos de substrato: coral, zoantídeo, alga turf, macroalga, alga coralínea, cascalho e areia. O substrato apresentou correlação entre as duas piscinas abertas com rS =0,857 e p<0,05 onde ambas apresentaram macroalgas como maior parte do substrato. No Atol das Rocas o tipo de conexão e profundidade da piscina, período do ano e o tipo de substrato influenciam na composição e distribuição da ictiofauna entre as piscinas.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T12:42:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Mestrado - Débora Amorim.pdf: 986227 bytes, checksum: a4f238673ae9d80c4001e05ec7c83040 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T12:42:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Mestrado - Débora Amorim.pdf: 986227 bytes, checksum: a4f238673ae9d80c4001e05ec7c83040 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CNPq / As tradicionais formas de mensuração dos valores humanos fazem uso de medidas explícitas, tais como os questionários de autorrelato. Estas medidas são suscetíveis à influência da desejabilidade social e podem inibir e/ou enviesar os resultados. Como alternativa, buscando controlar a tendência para respostas subjacentes, outras formas de mensuração veem sendo utilizadas. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo construir e buscar evidências de validade de um Teste de Associação Implícita, baseado em Categoria Única (SC-TAI-Valores-Schwartz), para avaliação de valores, fundamentado na Teoria dos Valores de Schwartz. Participaram da pesquisa 61 voluntários com idade acima de 18 anos. Foi utilizado o software Inquisitpara apresentação dos estímulos e mensuração do tempo de reação manual. A Análise Multidimensional (PROXSCAL) para o SC-TAI-Valores-Schwartz revelou, em comparação com as proposições teóricas, diferenças entre o obtido e o esperado. Foram encontradas polaridades, no entanto, a estrutura não retrata o modelo circumplexo proposto pelo teórico. A obtenção de uma disposição dos valores distinta da apresentada na teoria pode ser justificada pelo contexto cultural. Procedimentos de análise semelhantes foram utilizados para a versão do SC-TAI-Valores baseado na teoria de Gouveia (1998), sendo observada, nos resultados, a reprodução do modelo teórico, confirmando as proposições, tendo em vista a clara divisão de polos, considerando, principalmente, o modelo hexágono sugerido pelo autor. Houve, no entanto, uma inversão inesperada entre experimentação e realização. No que diz respeito ao estudo de validade convergente foram verificadas diversas correlações positivas entre as medidas explícitas, Questionário de Valores de Schwartz (QVS) e Questionário de Valores Básicos de Gouveia (QVB). Com relação às medidas implícitas computadorizadas (SC-IAT-Valores-Schwartz e SC-IAT-Valores-Gouveira) e sua validade convergente com as medidas explícitas (QVS e QVB), não foram observadas correlações substanciais. O mesmo foi observado no estudo de validade convergente entre as medidas implícitas SC-IAT-Valores-Schwartz e SC-IAT-Valores-Gouveira, sugerindo baixas correlações. Na investigação da validade discriminante, foi observada discriminância entre ambos os instrumentos (SC-IAT-Valores-Schwartz e SC-IAT-Valores-Gouveira) e a Escala de Desejabilidade Social, no entanto com uma análise inconsistente. Considera-se que esta dissertação cumpriu com seus objetivos, construindo a medida implícita de Valores Humanos baseada na Teoria de Schwartz, demonstrando sua aplicabilidade e representando um novo processo de avaliação para investigação de outros construtos. / Traditional ways of measuring human values use explicit measures, such as self-report questionnaires. These measures are susceptible to the influence of social desirability and can inhibit and / or skew the results. Alternatively, seeking to control the tendency to underlying responses, other forms of measurement has being used. This study aimed to develop and search for evidence of validity of the Implicit Association Test, based on Single Category (SC-TAI-values Schwartz) for values’ evaluation,which is based on the theory of Schwartz values. The participants were 61 volunteers aged above 18 years. The Inquisit software was used for stimuli’s presentation and to measure the manual reaction time. Multidimensional analysis (PROXSCAL) of Tai-SC-Schwartz values found differences between the obtained and expected, in comparison with the theoretical statements. Polarities was found, nevertheless, it does not portray the circumplex structure proposed by the theoretical model. The cultural context can explain an array of distinct values presented in theoryand obtained on this research. Similar analysis procedures were used on the version of SC-TAI-values based on Gouveia's theory (1998), in which results showed the reproduction of the theoretical model, confirming the proposals, given the clear Poles’ division of Poles, mainly considering the hexagon model suggested by the author. Notwithstanding, there was an unexpected inversion of testing and implementation. On the convergent validity’s study, there were found several positive correlations between explicit measures, Schwartz Values Survey (QVS) and Values Questionnaire Gouveia Basic (QVB). Regarding computerized implicit measures (SC-IAT-values Schwartz and SC-IAT-values Gouveira), and its convergent validity with explicit measures (QVS and QVB), significant correlations were observed.The same was observed in the study of convergent validity between implicit measures SC-IAT-values Schwartz and SC-IAT-values Gouveira, suggesting low correlations. In the discriminant validity investigation, a differentiation between both instruments (SC-IAT-values Schwartz and SC-IAT-values Gouveira) and the Social Desirability Scale was observed, however, with an inconsistent analysis. It is considered that this dissertation achieved its objectives, developing the implicit measure of human values based on Schwartz's theory, showing its applicability and representing a new evaluation process for investigation of other constructs.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T13:06:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Mestrado - Débora Amorim.pdf: 986227 bytes, checksum: a4f238673ae9d80c4001e05ec7c83040 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T13:06:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Mestrado - Débora Amorim.pdf: 986227 bytes, checksum: a4f238673ae9d80c4001e05ec7c83040 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CNPq / As tradicionais formas de mensuração dos valores humanos fazem uso de medidas explícitas, tais como os questionários de autorrelato. Estas medidas são suscetíveis à influência da desejabilidade social e podem inibir e/ou enviesar os resultados. Como alternativa, buscando controlar a tendência para respostas subjacentes, outras formas de mensuração veem sendo utilizadas. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo construir e buscar evidências de validade de um Teste de Associação Implícita, baseado em Categoria Única (SC-TAI-Valores-Schwartz), para avaliação de valores, fundamentado na Teoria dos Valores de Schwartz. Participaram da pesquisa 61 voluntários com idade acima de 18 anos. Foi utilizado o software Inquisitpara apresentação dos estímulos e mensuração do tempo de reação manual. A Análise Multidimensional (PROXSCAL) para o SC-TAI-Valores-Schwartz revelou, em comparação com as proposições teóricas, diferenças entre o obtido e o esperado. Foram encontradas polaridades, no entanto, a estrutura não retrata o modelo circumplexo proposto pelo teórico. A obtenção de uma disposição dos valores distinta da apresentada na teoria pode ser justificada pelo contexto cultural. Procedimentos de análise semelhantes foram utilizados para a versão do SC-TAI-Valores baseado na teoria de Gouveia (1998), sendo observada, nos resultados, a reprodução do modelo teórico, confirmando as proposições, tendo em vista a clara divisão de polos, considerando, principalmente, o modelo hexágono sugerido pelo autor. Houve, no entanto, uma inversão inesperada entre experimentação e realização. No que diz respeito ao estudo de validade convergente foram verificadas diversas correlações positivas entre as medidas explícitas, Questionário de Valores de Schwartz (QVS) e Questionário de Valores Básicos de Gouveia (QVB). Com relação às medidas implícitas computadorizadas (SC-IAT-Valores-Schwartz e SC-IAT-Valores-Gouveira) e sua validade convergente com as medidas explícitas (QVS e QVB), não foram observadas correlações substanciais. O mesmo foi observado no estudo de validade convergente entre as medidas implícitas SC-IAT-Valores-Schwartz e SC-IAT-Valores-Gouveira, sugerindo baixas correlações. Na investigação da validade discriminante, foi observada discriminância entre ambos os instrumentos (SC-IAT-Valores-Schwartz e SC-IAT-Valores-Gouveira) e a Escala de Desejabilidade Social, no entanto com uma análise inconsistente. Considera-se que esta dissertação cumpriu com seus objetivos, construindo a medida implícita de Valores Humanos baseada na Teoria de Schwartz, demonstrando sua aplicabilidade e representando um novo processo de avaliação para investigação de outros construtos. / Traditional ways of measuring human values use explicit measures, such as self-report questionnaires. These measures are susceptible to the influence of social desirability and can inhibit and / or skew the results. Alternatively, seeking to control the tendency to underlying responses, other forms of measurement has being used. This study aimed to develop and search for evidence of validity of the Implicit Association Test, based on Single Category (SC-TAI-values Schwartz) for values’ evaluation,which is based on the theory of Schwartz values. The participants were 61 volunteers aged above 18 years. The Inquisit software was used for stimuli’s presentation and to measure the manual reaction time. Multidimensional analysis (PROXSCAL) of Tai-SC-Schwartz values found differences between the obtained and expected, in comparison with the theoretical statements. Polarities was found, nevertheless, it does not portray the circumplex structure proposed by the theoretical model. The cultural context can explain an array of distinct values presented in theoryand obtained on this research. Similar analysis procedures were used on the version of SC-TAI-values based on Gouveia's theory (1998), in which results showed the reproduction of the theoretical model, confirming the proposals, given the clear Poles’ division of Poles, mainly considering the hexagon model suggested by the author. Notwithstanding, there was an unexpected inversion of testing and implementation. On the convergent validity’s study, there were found several positive correlations between explicit measures, Schwartz Values Survey (QVS) and Values Questionnaire Gouveia Basic (QVB). Regarding computerized implicit measures (SC-IAT-values Schwartz and SC-IAT-values Gouveira), and its convergent validity with explicit measures (QVS and QVB), significant correlations were observed.The same was observed in the study of convergent validity between implicit measures SC-IAT-values Schwartz and SC-IAT-values Gouveira, suggesting low correlations. In the discriminant validity investigation, a differentiation between both instruments (SC-IAT-values Schwartz and SC-IAT-values Gouveira) and the Social Desirability Scale was observed, however, with an inconsistent analysis. It is considered that this dissertation achieved its objectives, developing the implicit measure of human values based on Schwartz's theory, showing its applicability and representing a new evaluation process for investigation of other constructs.

A section of the total tangent space of a scheme X of finite type over a field k, i.e. a vector field on X, corresponds to an X-valued 1-jet on X. In the language of jets the notion of a vector field becomes functorial, and the total tangent space constitutes one of an infinite family of jet schemes Jm(X) for m ≥ 0. We prove that there exist families of “logarithmic” jet schemes JDm(X) for m ≥ 0, in the category of k-schemes of finite type, associated to any given X and its family of divisors D = (D₁, . . . ,Dr). The sections of JD₁(X) correspond to so-called vector fields on X with logarithmic poles along the family of divisors D = (D₁, . . . ,Dr). To prove this, we first introduce the categories of pairs (X,D) where D is as mentioned, an r-tuple of (effective Cartier) divisors on the scheme X. The categories of pairs provide a convenient framework for working with only those jets that pull back families of divisors. / Science, Faculty of / Mathematics, Department of / Graduate

Interleaved effects are widely documented. Research demonstrates that interleaved presentation orders, as opposed to blocked orders typically benefit inductive category learning. What drives interleaved effects is less straightforward. Interleaved presentations provide both the opportunity to compare and contrast between different types of category exemplars, which are temporally juxtaposed, and the opportunity to space study of the same type of category exemplars, which are temporally separated within the presentation span. Accordingly, interleaved effects might be driven by enhanced discrimination, enhanced memory retention, or both in some measure. Though recent studies have largely endorsed enhanced discrimination as the critical mechanism driving interleaved effects, there is no strong evidence to controvert the contribution of enhanced memory retention for interleaved effects. I further examined the role of memory retention by manipulating both presentation order and category structure. Across two experiments I found that memory retention may drive interleaved effects in categorization tasks.

Après avoir exposé l'importance des dualités géométrico-algébriques dans l'histoire des mathématiques, la thèse propose de rassembler bon nombre d'entre elle sous une approche unifiée abstraite, la dualité d'Isbell. La dualité d'Isbell est formellement définie comme une adjonction entre un préfaisceau et un copréfaisceau, et permet de définir un nouveau paradigme de constructivité baptisé P3. En mathématique, nous montrons que cette dualité est présente en géométrie algébrique, en géométrie algébrique dérivée, en topologie algébrique et en analyse fonctionnelle. En logique contemporaine, nous montrons qu'elle peut être rendue explicite dans la géométrie de l'interaction de Girard. Nous montrons ensuite comment les sciences appliquées peuvent faire usage de la dualité d'Isbell, en permettant de renouveler significativement les théories. En sciences physiques, nous montrons qu'elle ouvre une perspective dans la théorie quantique des champs, vers la dualisation des représentations de Heisenberg et de Schrödinger. En sciences économiques et sociales, nous montrons qu'elle permet de renouveler la théorie de l'équilibre générale et la théorie de la valeur. En sciences de l'apprentissage, nous montrons qu'il est possible de reconsidérer la théorie de l'enquête de Dewey en termes de dualité espace-action, pour finalement dégager une dualité d'Isbell. Nous concluons en ouvrant un débat sur la notion bachelardienne d'obstacle épistémologique, pour montrer comment P3 peut avoir des difficultés à s'imposer, et en consacrant quelques développements ontologiques sur la nature kantienne et post-hégélienne de la thèse. / After exposing the importance of geometric-algebraic dualities in the history of mathematics, the thesis proposes to bring together many of them under an unified abstract approach, the Isbell duality. The Isbell duality is formally defined as an adjunction between a presheaf and a copresheaf, and allows to define a new paradigm of constructivity called P3. In mathematics, we show that this duality is present in algebraic geometry, derived algebraic geometry, algebraic topology and functional analysis. In contemporary logic, we show that Isbell duality can be made explicit in the geometry of interaction of Girard. We then show how applied sciences can make use of Isbell duality, allowing to significantly renew theories. In physical sciences, we show that it opens a perspective in quantum field theory, towards the dualization of Heisenberg and Schrödinger representations. In economic and social sciences, we show that it allows to renew the general equilibrium theory and the theory of value. In learning sciences, we show that it is possible to reconsider Dewey's theory of inquiry in terms of space-action duality, ultimately to reveal an Isbell duality. We conclude by opening a debate on the Bachelardian notion of epistemological obstacle, showing how P3 can have difficulties to establish itself as reference constructive paradigm, and by devoting some ontological developments to the Kantian and post-Hegelian nature of the thesis.

Using a case study of the Italian spirit grappa, we examine status recategorization - the vertical extension and reclassification of an entire market category. Grappa was historically a low-status product, but in the 1970s one regional distiller took steps that led to a radical break from its traditional image, so that in just over a decade high-quality grappa became an exemplar of cultured Italian lifestyle and held a market position in the same class as cognac and whisky. We use this context to articulate "theorization by allusion", which occurs through three mechanisms: category detachment-distancing a social object from its existing category; category emulation-presenting that object so that it hints at the practices of a high-status category; and category sublimation-shifting from local, field-specific references to broader, societal-level frames. This novel theorization is particularly appropriate for explaining change from low to high status because it avoids resistance to and contestation of such change (by customers, media, and other sources) as a result of status imperatives, which may be especially strong in mature fields. Unlike prior studies that have examined the status of organizations within a category, ours foregrounds shifts in the status and social meaning of a market category itself. (authors' abstract)

Diploma thesis The travelogue variations of the Czech interwar literature deals with travelouge as a specific literary genre in the interwar period of Czech literature. The first part presents an overview of variantions travelouge genre definitions as they are set out in basic literary compendia and dictionaries, and allows to divide and characterize four basic types of travelouge genre - travelouge adventurous, ideological, essayistic and poetry. The second part of the thesis is more focuses on the essayistic travelouge books of Karel Čapek and Jaroslav Durych, especially on the texts Italské listy, Anglické listy, Výlet do Španěl, Plížení Německem, Pouť do Španělska and Římská cesta. Elementary analysis is subjected to the first category - topos of the street and church/cathedral which allows to observe different poetics and ways of perceiving of two representative authors of Czech interwar literature. Keywords: travelogue, essay, interwar literature, Karel Čapek, Jaroslav Durych, first category.

Title: Analysis of softball throw speed Objective: The aim of the thesis is to compare the throwing speeds with different modifications - from a distance of 2 meters to the screen (without aiming), throwing at a distance of 18 meters after the ball has been caught from the air and the ground (throw to the teammate). Furthermore, the goal of comparing throw speeds in selected age categories of softball players (9-17 years). Methods: Measure the throw speed by radar and data processing in Microsoft Excel. Results: Speed of throws for individual modifications - the category of the oldest players recorded the fastest throw option with the aiming of the player after the previous capture of the ball from the air and after the previous ball was caught on the ground. These variations of the throw exceeded the throw speed without prior capture and also without aiming at the player. In contrast, for other categories, the fastest option was the no-aim goal. The results of the oldest age group therefore refuted the first hypothesis, but the results of other age categories confirmed the hypothesis. In the case of the second hypothesis - higher throw speed and processing when the ball is caught from the air compared to landing the ball - the results of the oldest and youngest age category confirm the hypothesis,...