京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第24690号 / 人博第1063号 / 新制||人||249(附属図書館) / 2022||人博||1063(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)准教授 石井 美保, 教授 岩谷 彩子, 教授 風間 計博, 教授 田中 雅一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第23629号 / 文博第886号 / 新制||文||713(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科文献文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 宇佐美 文理, 准教授 池田 恭哉, 教授 古勝 隆一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

全球教育改革情境下，国际教育政策议论聚焦于教师在实践中的专业发展，并希冀发展专业学习社群。专业学习社群经由教师互动沟通逐步建构而来，其发展有赖于教师合作的持续开展。回应全球教育改革浪潮，中国内地致力于通过校本教研政策增进教师合作，以促进教师专业发展。 / 本研究以实践社群为理论视角，从南京市两所个案小学选取37名教师，就其对合作的参与、诠释和理解开展深入访谈，并辅以文本搜集和观察，试图探讨校本教研中教师合作开展意义协商的过程。 / 研究所见，教师合作处于校本教研政策引导之下，在科层结构体系中制度化为校本教研教师社群。教师社群在意义协商过程中发展出服从权威、注重和谐、感情和认知并行的沟通规范，以便合作达成工作任务。工具理性之下，教师社群追求短期效用最大化，定位于实用性教学技能再生产。 / 本研究深化了教师参与合作过程的探讨，发展出校本教研意义协商的本土理解，并回应了实践社群、专业学习社群和教师专业性的学术讨论。在社群层面，教师在科层官僚体制下发展出学科社群。在知识领域层面，区教育行政部门主导教研方向。在实务层面，教师分工完成及共享课程规范流程、教案和公开课。在沟通规范层面，教师社群遵从集权式领导，在情感和认知的支持下合力完成技术性工作任务。由于以和谐之名规避不同见解和争议，教师社群并未发展出建设性争议。在实践定位层面，教师社群实践主要定位于问题解决，重教学技能操作再生产，约制了潜在的发展路向和交流空间。教师以多种不同的方式参与教师社群当中，基于不同的发展阶段及个人选择，呈现出多元发展轨迹。个案学校校本教研并未发展成专业学习社群。教师的专业性基于不同的职业生涯阶段，呈现出复合专业性。 / 校本教研教师社群可考虑拓展外延，并通过支持非正式微社群、鼓励参与以提升内涵。教师合作宜摒弃技术取向，开展开放式专业对话，加强专业对话的自我反思，突破模仿借鉴的限制，拓展再专业化空间。 / In the context of global education reform movement, teacher professional development has received much attention in international education arena. It is considered to be a potential way for school-based teacher development develops to be professional learning communities (PLCs). PLCs are viewed to be constructed gradually through teacher interactions and communications. The development of PLCs is tightly related to the continuing teacher collaboration. In response to the wave of global education reform, the Chinese mainland implements school-based teacher development policies to encourage teacher collaboration. / Informed by the theory of communities of practice (CoP), this study adopts a case study approach to explore the process of negotiation of meaning in teacher collaboration in school-based teaching and research. In-depth interviews were conducted on 37 teachers in two primary schools to collect data on teachers’ perception, understanding and participation in collaboration. Observations and document collection were also carried out to collect data to map out a more detailed picture. / Findings revealed that teacher collaboration was institutionalized as subject teacher communities in hierarchical structure system, guided by the policies of school-based teacher development in District Education Bureau. In the process of negotiation of meaning, teacher communities developed into three major norms of interaction: obedience to authority, relational harmony, emotional and cognitive support being combined. With the principle of instrumental rationality, teachers pursued the maximization of short-term utilizing teaching materials. Teacher collaboration was oriented towards the reproduction of teaching skills. / This study enriches the academic discussion on the process of teacher collaboration, develops local understanding of negotiation of meaning in school-based teacher development, and makes theoretical contributions to the international academic discussion on the understanding of CoP, PLCs and teacher professionalism. Concerning the teacher community, teachers were guided to develop subject communities in hierarchical structure system. For the knowledge boundry, district administrators led the direction of school-based teacher development. Regarding the practices, teachers worked together and shared standardized course procedures, teaching plans and open lessons. Concerning the norms of interaction, teacher followed patriarchal leadership, provided emotional and cognitive support reciprocally, and worked together to finish technical tasks. As divergent ideas and opinions were avoided for the sake of harmony, teacher community did not generate constructive conflict. Regarding the orientation of practice, teacher community targeted problem solving, laid emphasize on the reproduction of teaching skills, and limited the potential space for teacher communication. Teacher professionalism underwent a mixed effect based on developmental stages and personal choices. Subject teacher groups were not developed into PLCs in our case schools, but they demonstrated unique local features. Teachers showed divergent learning trajectories in their professional career within the teacher community. / It would help to extend external boundary of communities through developing networked learning communities. The capacity of communities would be cultivated through supporting informal micro-communities and encouraging participation. Teacher collaboration should abandon technical approach, and open professional dialogues should be encouraged. Enhancing reflection in the process of professional dialogues helps to nurture professional judgment to extend professional space. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 乔雪峰. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-279). / Abstracts also in English. / Qiao Xuefeng.

来自贫困家庭的青少年的成长日益受到关注，然而现有应对措施往往以资金援助、慰问探访为主。随着中国内地社会工作服务的发展，政府和公众对其应用于服务该群体有了更多期待。本研究尝试为相关服务提供实证依据。 / 受社会资本理论的启发，本研究试图探索嵌入于家庭、学校、朋辈和社区关系网络的社会资本对青少年社会心理发展的影响；结合自我效能感和抗逆力理论，亦试图探索主体性因素对外界社会资本的调动作用；比较贫困组与非贫困组在相关机制中存在的差异，建构一套在中国社会和文化情境下适用的理论模型，探索未来服务的方向。本研究以社会调查的方法，从中山市22所高中选取了1,627名学生参与研究，包括贫困组学生571人，非贫困组1056人。本研究尝试回答四个研究问题：第一，来自贫困家庭的青少年与来自非贫困家庭的青少年在社会心理发展、社会资本及自我效能感和抗逆力方面是否存在差异？第二，不同维度的社会资本对社会心理发展有怎样的影响？第三，自我效能感和抗逆力是否能在社会资本和社会心理发展之间发挥中介效应？第四，贫困组与非贫困组的青少年在社会资本、主体性对社会心理发展的影响机制上是否存在差异？ / 通过t检定发现，相较于非贫困组，贫困组有较好的亲社会行为和学业成就表现，而在精神健康和社交能力方面不存在显著的差异；贫困组在学校社会资本、朋辈社会资本和社区社会资本方面有较高的水平，而在家庭社会资本方面不存在显著的差异；贫困组相较而言有较高的抗逆力水平。 / 结构方程模型的结果支持了家庭社会资本、学校社会资本和朋辈社会资本对青少年的社会心理发展存在直接的正向影响的假设，同时，不同的社会资本亦可以通过自我效能感和抗逆力对青少年的社会心理发展产生间接的影响。然而，本研究亦发现社区社会资本对精神健康和社交能力的直接影响是负向的。 / 多群组结构方程模型的结果指出，贫困组与非贫困组在社会资本、主体性因素对社会心理发展的影响大致相同，但在部分路径上存在显著差异。这亦体现出在服务项目设计时需要留意到的贫困组与非贫困组之间在相关机制上存在的差异。本研究亦展现了社会资本的互惠性。此外，研究发现亦反映出社会资本的规范和制裁功能可能对被标签的群体的主体性因素提升带来限制。 / 本研究整合了社会资本理论、自我效能感理论和抗逆力理论，探索了社会资本、自我效能感和抗逆力对贫困家庭的青少年的社会心理发展的影响。在中国内地本土化的尝试以及对来自贫困家庭的青少年的关注亦拓展了现有理论的适用性。本研究对实务的启发在于，提出可以透过投入社会资本，提升自我效能感及抗逆力，进而有效地促进青少年的成长与发展。研究者亦对现有的对经济弱势群体的刻板印象提出了质疑，同时对社会资本的双重效应以及社会福利传递过程可能产生的"污名"效应提出了反思。 / There has been an increasing concern on the development of adolescents form economically disadvantaged families. However, the policy and service for this group of young people remain in the forms of financial assistance and home visit. With the development of social work service in mainland China, the government and public have more expectation on its implementation for serving this group. This research provided empirical evidence for related service. / Based on social capital theory, this study explored the influences of social capital embedded in the networks of family, school, peers, and community. It also integrated the self-efficacy theory and resilience theory into the theoretical framework to examine the role of personal agency in mobilizing various forms social capital. Moreover, by comparing the differences between the poor and the non-poor group, the study established a theoretical model of how social capital and personal agency jointly affected adolescents’ psychosocial development in a Chinese context. It thereby potentially informs future professional services. This study adopted the quantitative method with social survey, and drew a sample of 1,627 students from 22 senior high schools, with 571 students forming the poor group and the other 1056 students forming the non-poor group. The study tried to address four research questions: 1) Are there any significant differences between the poor and non-poor groups in terms of psychosocial development, social capital, self-efficacy and resilience? 2) How do different forms of social capital influence adolescents’ psychosocial development? 3) What are the mechanism by which self-efficacy and resilience mediate the effects of social capital on adolescents’ psychosocial development? 4) Are there any significant differences on the mechanisms between these two groups? / Results of t-tests indicated that the students from economically disadvantaged families had better performance in pro-social behavior and academic achievement, while there were no significant differences in terms of mental health and social competence. This group of students also exhibited higher possessions of school social capital, peer social capital, and community social capital, while with no significant difference in access to family social capital. Moreover, they showed a higher level of resilience. / Results of structural equation modeling analysis supported the hypotheses that family social capital, school social capital, and peer social capital had direct positive effects on adolescents’ psychosocial development. Furthermore, different forms of social capital could influence the outcomes of psychosocial development indirectly through individuals’ self-efficacy and resilience. However, community social capital showed a negative direct effect on mental health and social competence. / Results of the multi-group structural equation modeling suggested that the effects of social capital and personal agency on adolescents’ psychosocial development were mostly similar between the poor and non-poor groups, except for a few paths. It implied the particular importance on differentiating the effects of various forms of social capital and personal agency factors on psychosocial development and when designing assistance programs for adolescents from low-income families. It also suggested the reciprocity of social capital. In addition, it further highlighted that the norms and effective sanctions of social capital might produce disempowerment on personal agency to the groups labeled as disadvantaged ones in the society. / Integrating social capital theory, self-efficacy theory, and resilience theory, this research has explored the influences of social capital, self-efficiency and resilience on psychosocial development of adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. It advanced the application of social capital theory in understanding youth development in the Chinese socio-cultural. It also proposed an effective way to promote adolescents’ optimal development through investing social capital and improving their self-efficacy and resilience. This study challenged the existing stereotypes of adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. Moreover, it gave a further thought on on the positive contribution and potential downside of social capital and the stigmatization in social welfare provision process. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 劉頴. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 292-317). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Liu Ying.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第18749号 / 法博第180号 / 新制||法||151(附属図書館) / 31700 / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 北村 雅史, 教授 前田 雅弘, 教授 洲崎 博史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DGAM

本文关注近代以来发生在华北乡村社会中的社区集体仪式。这些集体仪式以村落（及村落联盟）的求雨和庙会为其主要形式。在这些社区集体仪式之中，有相当一部分由多个村落共同协作完成。共同参与这些仪式的村落在一定程度上构成了仪式合作的关系。在本项研究中，这种村落间的关系往来模式被称之为多村落的仪式联合。 / 本文选用冀中地区的乡村的社区集体仪式作为研究对象，将关注点放在多村落的仪式联合之上。在两个个案民族志描写的基础上，试图回答这样的问题：华北民众的宗教生活所依赖的地方社会网络是怎样运作的？第一个个案为现北京房山河套沟地区的黑龙关庙会，该地区有着多村落联合举办庙会及求雨的传统。围绕着这些社区集体仪式，当地村落间形成了诸如“六山会这样的地方组织。黑龙关庙会的民族志资料证实，当地多村落的仪式联合，其形成和维系在相当程度上是以村落间花会的互动为主要依托。笔者将花会表演的互动视作仪式性的礼物流动。通过诸如走会和献会的行为描写，河套沟地区村落间的关系网络得以在宗教生活层面展现。黑龙关庙会的个案试图证实：仪式性的互惠作用于多村落仪式联合的形成及维系过程；第二个个案是河北的安国药王庙会。以安国药王庙为中心，文章首先对安国药王庙会与地方社会进行了历时性的文献梳理；继而对当代的药王庙会进行共时性的田野考察，展现当代的安国药王庙会与临近的村落庙会同处于一个关系网络之中。这个关系网络表现在庙会间的往来关系之中，这又被称之为“讲礼。讲礼对于地方仪式联合的形成起到了重要作用。 / 以礼物馈赠的视角来看待乡村社会的宗教生活，这是本项研究的基本方法。花会的走会、献会或庙会间的讲礼实践，是建构和维系多村落仪式联合的重要途径，它们遵循着乡村社会的一套生活逻辑。这套逻辑在地方社会被表述为关系、面子、人情等地方术语。从这个角度说，多村落的仪式联合亦受到这套生活逻辑的制约和影响。 / This dissertation focuses on the local community rituals in rural North China since modern times taking the praying-for-rain rituals and temple festivals of the villages as examples. There were many forms of ritual cooperation among the villages in rural North China. In this research, we would examine a mode of ritual interaction among selected villages by examining two cases in Central Hebei, China. / The first case is the Heilongguan Temple festival in Hetaogou area of Fangshan district around Peking. In Hetaogou, a large amount of villages performed the praying-for-rain rituals and temple festivals together. In these community rituals, the local organizations called Liushan Association(六山会) had played a crucial role. The ethnographic data of Chapter Two aim to show that the construction of multi-village alliance builds on the interaction of Flower fairs (花会）from different villages. In the forms of visiting each other during a temple festival parade known as Zouhui (走会）and xianhui(献会），villages built up the network of their alliance. The exchange of performance of Flower fairs is regarded as a mode of ritual exchange. The second case concerns the Medicine King Temple Festival(药王庙会）in Anguo County which is the main topic of Chapter Three. Using the methodology of historical anthropology to analyze the Anguo local society helps us to place the Medicine King Temple Festival(药王庙会）in a network of temple festivals from different villages. In Anguo, this interaction is called ‘treating each other with courtesy’ or Jiangli(讲礼）. / Finally we would like to argue that visiting each other in a temple festival parade (Zouhui, Xianhui) and treating each other with courtesy Jiangli, were the main strategies of the villagers to construct their multi-village alliance. Their logics were not different from ‘returning the favor’ and ‘face saving’ which were common in rural society. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 徐天基. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-174). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Xu Tianji. / 摘要 --- p.3-4 / Chapter 第一章 --- 近代以来冀中乡村社会中的多村落仪式联合：研究计划及刍议 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二章： --- 仪式性互惠与多村落的仪式联合：黑龙关的例子 --- p.35 / Chapter 第三章 --- 礼物经济与多村落的仪式联合--安国县“讲礼的例子 --- p.64 / Chapter 第四章 --- 多村落的仪式联合：礼俗之中看地方宗教 --- p.103 / Chapter 附录一： --- 京西河套沟地区的花会 --- p.115 / Chapter 附录二： --- 安国民间曲艺概述 --- p.139 / Chapter 附录三： --- 民国时期安国县集市分布及周期 --- p.156 / Chapter 附录四： --- 民国二十年祁州药市十三帮组织 --- p.157 / Chapter 附录五： --- 图1 民国时期安国南关地方宗族分布图 --- p.161 / Chapter 附录六： --- 图2 药王邳彤传说结构分析图 --- p.162 / 参考书目 --- p.163-174

本文对以宋代为主要时段的四川南部进行了长时段的研究，梳理了当地开发和中原王朝经营的过程，并揭示了该地区族群格局在这五百年中的巨大变革、土著族群如何应对中原王朝势力的影响及其经济贸易的发展。揭示了帝国扩张、贸易网络、经济演进对川南社会的具体影响。在中原王朝经济、军事和制度各方面的作用下，川南地区的土著族群逐步失去独立经济基础和有生战斗力量，其固有的社会关系和族群认同发生变化，逐渐分化和离散，终在明末成为中原王朝统治下的百姓，川南地区也成为明帝国的化内疆土。 / Focusing on the period of Song Dynasty, the thesis uncovers how the central empire controlled this area and the great revolution of the ethnic structure in Southern Sichuan area, and how the indigenous reacted. Including the imperial expansion, trade network and the economic development, how the local society was changed. On the effect of economy, military force and statecraft, the indigenous of Southern Sichuan gradually lost the primary economic base and army force, and the original human connections and the ethnic identities have been changed. At the same time internal division and detachment appeared. Finally, the indigenous of Southern Sichuan came to be the citizen of the central empire, and the area changed to a huanei area. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 石穎. / "2012年10月". / "2012 nian 10 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-89). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Shi Ying. / 绪论 --- p.6 / Chapter 第一章 --- 历史地理与建制沿革 --- p.13 / Chapter 第一节 --- 川南之南 --- p.13 / Chapter 一、 --- 山川形势 --- p.13 / Chapter 二、 --- 交通 --- p.14 / Chapter 三、 --- 盐矿 --- p.17 / Chapter 第二节 --- 川南建制 --- p.19 / Chapter 第三节 --- 族群格局与地方开发 --- p.26 / 本章小结 --- p.30 / Chapter 第二章 --- 食盐与族群格局：淯井开发与争夺 --- p.30 / Chapter 第一节 --- 淯井争夺与原有族群格局的扰动 --- p.30 / Chapter 一、 --- 唐五代时期的淯井及其族群格局 --- p.30 / Chapter 二、 --- 宋朝对淯井地区的掌控及“淯井监夷人之叛 --- p.33 / Chapter 第二节 --- “乌蛮的显现与族群格局的重建 --- p.35 / Chapter 第三节 --- 元丰之役与乌蛮势力的消解 --- p.40 / 本章小结 --- p.45 / Chapter 第三章 --- 经济发展与贸易网络 --- p.48 / Chapter 第一节 --- 中原王朝开发策略 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二节 --- 交通贸易网络 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三节 --- 川南的盐业经济 --- p.52 / Chapter 一、 --- 初期开发 --- p.52 / Chapter 二、 --- 食盐危机、打井技术的革新与盐政改革 --- p.53 / 本章小结 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四章 --- 国家管制与弱者的隐喻 --- p.57 / Chapter 第一节 --- 唐宋时期的羁縻统治 --- p.57 / Chapter 第二节： --- 南宋的统治 --- p.59 / Chapter 第三节 --- 宋代在叙、泸二州的编 --- p.63 / Chapter 一、 --- 叙、泸二州民的增长 --- p.63 / Chapter 二、 --- 叙、泸地区的土著族群编 --- p.67 / Chapter 第四节 --- 柳侯庙的故事：宋代川南族群关系的一个隐喻 --- p.73 / 本章小结 --- p.78 / 结论 --- p.80 / Chapter 一、 --- 长时段视角中宋王朝的川南开发 --- p.80 / Chapter 二、 --- 余论：元明时期的川南 --- p.81 / 参考文献 --- p.87

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