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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

生態中心論及道家之環境教育思想研究 / A Study of Thinking on Environmental Education of Eco-centrism and Daoism

王智弘, Wang , Jih Hung Unknown Date (has links)
本文從對環境危機的關懷切入,討論人類中心論如何造成人類對大自然的恣意剝削與破壞,包括基督教義、理性主義、機械世界觀等等,使人類將自然界當作實現個人利益的工具。隨之而起的是「生態中心的轉向」,人類逐漸把自己看做是更大尺度主體的一份子,大自然本身應該是一個具備自我組織與生發能力的有機體,其中每一個組成份子都有其價值與意義。 生態中心論包括大地倫理學、深層生態學及蓋婭理論,其對於大自然與人類的觀點,以及環境倫理的看法,與中國的道家哲學十分相近。於是本文接著從道家思想中,闡明其與生態中心論共通之處。最終得出三個要點,堪做為環境教育的啟示: 1.人應領悟到自身與大自然之間密不可分的關係,並且尋回其間的連結。 2.人應有充分的機會體驗這種連結,並致力回復大自然運作的規律。 3.人應努力實踐自身與大自然的共生;達到逍遙無為的和諧自由之境。 從這三點出發,筆者認為一切的環境教育與環保作為,在知其然之外,更重要的是知其所以然。人既然與自然性本一體,就應該從這一點出發建構環境教育的核心基礎。於是提出召喚、共鳴與覺醒的三個步驟。 召喚原則對應的是人是否具備真誠面對自身生命狀態的品質;而在教育原理中,必須重視啟發性的原則,透過故事、感動的經驗、美好的圖像、與大自然親密的互動等等,喚起個體內在與大自然的本來連結。 第二步驟,是讓個體盡可能地經驗大自然與人類之間密不可分的關係,以及大自然如何以極度的包容性與豐富性,含納萬物。其中對應到的人性品質是「愛」,一種一體感與連結感的體驗。體驗性是其中必要的教育原則。 最後,在了悟天人合一、物我和諧的真相之後,個體便可以達到充分認識自己與自然、以及界限所在的「覺醒」狀態,其中隱含的人性品質為「自由」。儘管自由是不易達到的,但個體在覺醒的狀況下實踐自身最大的利益,亦是充滿意義的奮鬥過程;也因此,到了這一步,環境教育可以真正讓一個置身大自然中的人類,清楚而堅定地為保護環境獻身。 整體而言,本文嘗試建構一個環境教育的進路,使自然中的小生命,回歸到生命與自然的真實面貌,並從此一更深廣的本質出發,以達到最終生命意義的實現。而第五章討論之華德福教育中的環境教育觀,亦為本文之結論提供旁證。 / To look for a proper approach of environmental education, through concerning recent worldly crisis, the study take three aspects of seeing the relation between human beings and the nature, as the source of homo-centrism. They are Christian, Rationalism and mechanical paradigm of science. Composite to the points of human-centrism, eco-centrism, including “land ethics”, “deep ecology” and “Gaia theory”, arose as a reflection to see the nature as more holistic and lively system. The ancient Chinese philosophy, Daoism, corresponds eco-centrism on a higher and more self-realizing level. These two theories, eco-centrism and Daoism, both dedicate an approach of environmental education to the common nature of human and the nature itself. Only through define selfness as part of nature, human beings will take responsibility for environment. The task of education is to recall the same essence of the nature and human beings, and experience it plenty, then to reach a clear conscious of being in nature. The approach of teaching and curriculum of Waldorf Steiner school is taken as an example to reflect three concepts held by the author. These three concepts raised, initiating, experiencing and practicing, are the conclusion of this study.

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