隨著資訊科技的蓬勃發展，使用者的資訊搜尋行為有了新面貌，線上公用目錄亦面臨重大轉變及挑戰。圖書館界應站在使用者角度來思考，設計及建置一個使用者滿意的線上公用目錄系統。國際圖書館協會聯盟（IFLA）在2005年提出的《Guidelines for Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) Displays》報告中，認為線上公用目錄的設計該有其原則，尤其應該考慮到使用者的需求。 　　本研究旨在從使用者角度出發，建構一套適合國內大專院校圖書館線上公用目錄的設計原則。本論文參考國內外線上公用目錄設計內容，除了參酌IFLA的原則基礎外，並融入其他學者專家、機構團體對於未來線上公用目錄的意見及建議，彙整一套從使用者角度思考的線上公用目錄設計原則草案。為了獲取使用者的意見，本研究共舉辦三場焦點團體訪談，藉由使用者的想法來修正草案內容，再將修正後之草案，經由分別針對學生與館員的問卷調查，來進行最後的原則項目清單之確認。 　　根據研究結果，確認使用者認同的線上公用目錄設計原則總計六大類35項原則。該六大類分別為「使用者需求」、「介面設計」、「內容及資料安排」、「檢索技術」、「個人化服務」及「資源整合」，並依平均數高低區分為不同重要性。未來圖書館員與廠商欲進行線上公用目錄設計的溝通，或評鑑線上公用目錄時可作為參考之用；並經由本研究發現使用者與館員的想法差異相當大，圖書館在建置線上公用目錄前應更瞭解使用者的資訊使用行為及習慣。 / The behavior of users’ information search has changed in the past years in accordance with the development of information technology. Therefore, Open Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) is facing great transformation and challenges. Libraries should design and construct an OPAC system from users’ perspective. In 2005, a report from International Federation of Library Association and Institution (IFLA) titled “Guidelines for Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) Displays” outlined principles in designing OPAC and highlighted the importance of users’ need. This study aims to offer a draft of design guidelines of OPAC for universities and colleges in Taiwan. It refers to IFLA guidance, local and abroad interfaces of OPACs, and blends in the feedback from scholars and educational institutions on the OPAC design. It also held three focus groups in order to gauge users’ views on how to improve the drafted guidelines. Then the revised guidelines were used to conduct further questionnaires on librarians and students. From there, it gave birth to the final guidelines. The analysis of the study came up six major categories and 35 principles. The six categories are: users’ need, design interface, content and information arrangement, retrieval technique, personalized service and information integration. This study could serve as the future guidance when librarians are in talks with vendors in their OPAC design, and when the evaluation of OPAC system is needed. This study also revealed that there is a gap between the opinion of users and librarians. Libraries should thus pay more attention in understanding what users want when constructing OPAC.

什麼是創新的來源，許多人會認為創新來自於更好的產品功能或是更高階的設計概念。然而，也有人會認為創新來自於使用者。 如果創新來自於使用者，那麼我們是否可以要求他們描述自己的需要，便可以知道如何創造新的產品或服務呢？ 從上述例子我們可以推論，使用者不一定明白知道自己真正的需要，若沒有完善的輔佐機制，使用者無法成為產品/服務創新的來源。 本研究發現，深入瞭解使用者的情境脈絡，可以發現新的創新來源。為了分析使用者的情境脈絡如何影響到組織對於資訊安全的需求，本研究調查六個來自不同產業的個案，並檢驗不同使用者的情境脈絡，如何影響到該組織對與資安的看法與行為。 事實上，個案的田野調查真實地呈現了如何將使用者的”洞見”轉化成產品/服務創新的最佳來源。來自五個不同產業的個案不但展現了大相逕庭的資安痛點，同時也廣泛地觸及了五個在未來具有高度發展潛力的領域，資安相關人員所關心的資安議題。 本研究強調，當我們試著瞭解使用者在不同產業處理資安議題時，深入地探索與思考使用者所處的情境脈絡時，我們一定會發掘到許多產品/服務創新的機會，以及相對應的組織管理議題。 / What are the sources of innovation? Many people would consider better technical functions or superior industrial designs as innovations. Currently, more people would argue that innovative ideas come from users. Therefore, if we ask users to describe their needs, we will know how to innovate our products or services. But, users’ inputs might not always be right because they might not know what they really want. Our research suggests that ideas of innovation may better be inspired by user’s local practices. To analyze how local practices may influence an organisation’s security requirements, this paper presents five case studies and examines the contextual details affecting the expectations of different organizations. Indeed, this field study illustrates how customers’ insights could become a rich source of product/service innovation. It not only underscores the security pain points in each firm, but also exposes broader security issues in five different market segments. The findings indicate that when we come to appreciate how users make sense of computer security in their actual business situations, we are able to identify viable ideas for innovation in products, services and organization management.