嵌入式電腦產業的產品生命週期平均較長，需求量不高，需要品質穩定與長期供貨， 在供應鏈的管理策略上，會與一般消費性電子產業有些許不同，而本研究的探討案例為自有品牌專案，運用到了電子商務與線上社群等新興的資訊整合方法，相信對於供應鏈管理的意涵上有其值得探討之處。 本研究探討供應鏈整合對於供應鏈績效之影響，在文獻探討中，供應鏈整合的構面分為與供應商、與客戶以及內部整合部分，結合文獻中提到的供應鏈管理， 並連結到SCOR模型中的績效評估指標，帶出本研究將探討的供應鏈整合作法。 本研究以質化之個案訪談法，以嵌入式電腦公司之自有品牌產品線為研究對象，探討在專案管理面向裡， 供應鏈整合對於供應鏈績效之正向影響。本研究發現在專案管理中，除了在研究架構裡提到的供應鏈整合，在實務上各功能單位所引導之供應鏈整合，對於績效有正向的影響 。 研究最後針對三個不同的供應鏈整合構面，整理專案管理中的供應鏈整合作法中，於SCOR績效指標之直接與間接之影響，並且針對結論提供相應之建議，期盼在實務中的供應鏈整合與管理有所助益。 / Because of the characteristics of long product life cycle of embedded industry, it requires stable quality performance and long-term supply, this will differentiate the supply chain strategy from consumer electronics industry. As this study focus on a private brand project of the company, it has applied some knowledge sharing methodologies such as e-commerce and online communities, it would be worth to explore and implications of supply chain management. This study examines the impact of supply chain integration on supply chain performance. In the literature review, the facets of supply chain integration are divided into three aspects: suppliers, customers, and internal integration combined with the supply chain management mentioned in the literature and linked to the performance evaluation indicators in the SCOR model. The above review brings out the supply chain integration method which will be discussed in this study. This study uses a qualitative case interview method to investigate the embedded brand company's own brand product line, and explores the positive effect of supply chain integration on the supply chain performance in project management scope. This study finds that in the project management, in addition to the supply chain integration mentioned in the research framework, the supply chain integration in practice guided by each functional unit has a positive impact on performance. In the conclusion, the study focused on three different supply chain integration facets, collated the direct and indirect impacts of SCOR performance indicators in the supply chain integration method, and providing the corresponding suggestion in the conclusions.

本篇論文主要探討新創科技公司產品創新分工網路之現況與績效，新創科技公司之兩大核心資源為創新與技術。公司成長與獲利通常來自技術商品化之價值，一般而言公司很少可完全依賴內部資源進行獨立創新。創新社群以技術為核心，社群中的組織必須顯著地參與一項新技術的商品化工作，主要辨認指標是垂直互補性資產與資訊流通。產業分工網路是企業內部組織和企業彼此間的結合型態，用以產生附加價值，其價值鏈活動是透過良好的協調以造成差異化或成本降低。資訊科技是改變價值活動的執行方式及價值鏈活動中各種連結的性質，影響競爭範圍並塑造新產品。 本研究以國內研發新產品或技術之新創科技公司為研究對象，以個案方式運用分析模式將企業之內外在因素、SWOT及產業能力作深入分析，並訪談中小企業實證研究分工網路活動，探索新創科技公司產品創新分工網路之現況以及產業系統(研究/製造)供應鏈績效，研究結果發現： 1、台灣產業仍屬於「不完全的概念設計與試製生產分離型」分工網路。新創科技公司之產品普遍缺乏品牌形象，且因資源缺乏，無法以全球市場為行銷對象，在設備上的投資、產品與製造的選擇上沒有自主性，限制台灣人才的創新能力及新創科技公司之成功。 2、新創科技公司在產品創新上提昇產品之附加價值，製程上依賴中小企業的「專業分工」及「彈性互補」，充分利用體系資源，調整出最佳效率。但在成熟市場中，採取追隨者的競爭腳步以及成本領導策略，因此無法將產品附加價值回饋於產業分工體系。 3、台灣中小企業普遍在資訊化方面嚴重落後，無法在新的且分散化的產業分工中，以虛擬、組織模組化的分工原理運作，因此人工成本優勢喪失後，其「彈性」、「快速」的核心競爭能力亦在衰退中。 4、中小企業與新創科技公司因價值鏈之市場顧客面不完整，以供應鏈管理觀點檢討發現：管理方法、產品流程、風險與獲利架構、文化與態度觀念、變革升級等構面皆尚待加強。 / I his thesis is mainly in finding out the reality and performance on the network in division of labor for product innovation of a technology startup company. The two core resources of a technology startup company are innovation and techniques. The growth and earning of such company normally come from the value of technology commercialization. Generally, such company could hardly rely on its internal resources completely for independent innovation. Innovative community centers on techniques and the community organization must involve in the commercialization of a new technique significantly, and the main identifying indicator is the vertical complementary assets and the information flow. Industrial network in division of labor is the connecting pattern of the international organization of a business entity with other business, which is for creating added value. The value chain activities are made through sound coordination to generate differentiation and cost-down.Information technology is for changing the performing manner value activities,as well as the natures of connection among various chain activities. It serves to affect the scope of competition and to form new products. This research targeted at the technology startup companies involved in the research and development of new products or new techniques, and case study approach is employed to analyze the internal and external factors of a company,SWOT and industrial capacity with analytical modes. Face to face interview with medium and small enterprises were conducted to empirically demonstrate the activities of the network in division of labor, and to investigate the reality and industrial system (research / manufacturing) supply chain performance of new innovative network in division of labor. The findings are: 1.Industries in Taiwan are still in the stage of“Incomplete Conceptual Design and Pilot Production Separated Network in Division of Labor”level.Technology startup companies are generally lack of brand image. And, with the lack of resources, they are unable to target at the global market for marketing. There is less autonomy in the investment in equipment and options of products and manufacturing. These have limited the talents in Taiwan in their innovation capability and the success of technology startup companies. 2.The technology startup companies promote the added value of their innovative products, and in manufacturing, they rely on the specialization and flexible complement of medium and small enterprise to adjust to the best efficiency by fully utilize the system resources. However, in a matured market, they adopted the follower approach and cost-lead strategies, that they could not feed back the added value of products to the system in division of labor. 3.Generally the medium and small enterprises are having serious information gap, that they are unable to employ the diversification principle in the new and spread-over industrial diversification with virtual, organization modular.Therefore, after losing the labor cost advantage, the core competitiveness in flexibility and speed are also in their way down. 4.Medium and small enterprise, and the technology startup companies have the short of incomplete customer dimension in their value chain, it is found,in the view point of supply chain management, they need to strengthen and improve their managerial approach, product flow, risk and profit structure,culture and attitude and changes and upgrading. Subject Terms (Key Word)： - technology startup company - technology commercialization - network in division of labor - innovation community - value chain - supply chain management

在電子商務的環境中，透過資訊科技的使用與通訊網路的連結，將會有愈來愈多的產品或服務需求者透過新興的電子化媒體 (如網際網路) 來尋找可行的交易互動夥伴，進而完成交易。因此，交易結構□每一份子間的互動關係，將面臨新的衝擊與挑戰。而納入電子商務觀念的供應鏈管理，將是以資訊科技與通訊技術為基礎的新領域，在此一領域中，供應鏈可以簡單地概念化成三部份：即產品/服務的供給者 (賣方)、產品/服務的需求者或是消費者 (買方)、及提供兩者溝通服務的資訊服務提供者。而在三者間，除了存在著生產與配送過程中既有的物料流/產品流、服務流及完成交易所必須的金流之外，更重要的是還有提供控制機能的資訊流。如何有效地管理與利用資訊流便成為供應鏈管理成功與否的關鍵性因素，而企業也因此產生了對於資訊服務的需求。 因此，本論文的目的在於發展出一個完整的研究體系，以針對傳統供應鏈中之供需雙方與資訊服務業之間的關係，發展出一個供需互動模式，以使電子商務環境中資訊服務的供需雙方能夠據此制定重要的決策與策略。此一體系包含了以下三個子體系：概念體系、評估體系、以及規劃體系。在概念體系的部份，本研究將透過文獻探討，針對供應鏈中的供需者 (可被視為資訊服務的需求者) 與資訊服務提供者，發展出一個整合的概念性互動模式，此一模式將解釋各個體之目標與其行為屬性，而這些目標與屬性也將成為後續評估及規劃體系發展的基礎。而後續兩個體系的發展，將以資訊服務的供需互動為研究主體。就評估體系而言，本研究將分別使用加法型 (層級分析法) 與非加法型 (模糊積分法) 方法來發展評選資訊服務提供者的多準則決策模式。而根據上述的結果，決策者便可針對其手邊現有的可選擇方案，來進行評選。一旦評選結果確定之後，決策者便可與其進行後續的供需互動。至於規劃體系的部份，則是要分析供需雙方如何根據自身的目標與資源限制，經由資訊的分享與交換，與所選取的夥伴進行互動。根據供需關係的型態及供需互動的主導者這兩個分類的標準，本研究將供需互動分成四種不同的狀況來探討。而透過模糊二階多目標規劃模式與多階段解題流程圖的應用，我們可以分析供需單位間如何透過資訊的交換以進行互動，並解釋互動所可能出現的結果，亦即失敗或成功。最後，本研究也將使用一個簡例來說明模式的可用性。 第一章 緒論…………………………………………… 1 第一節 研究動機與背景………………………… 1 第二節 研究目的………………………………… 3 第三節 研究方法與發展流程…………………… 5 第四節 論文結構與內容………………………… 6 第二章 文獻探討……………………………………… 7 第一節 電子商務………………………………… 7 壹、電子商務之定義……………………………. 7 貳、電子市場……………………………………. 12 第二節 供應鏈管理……………………………… 15 壹、供應鏈管理之定義………………………… 15 貳、關係的管理與分析………………………...… 17 參、買賣雙方之供需關係………………………... 21 肆、資訊服務提供者之中介……………………... 24 第三節 個體之目標與行為……………………… 29 壹、供應鏈管理之整體目標……………………... 29 貳、供給者 (賣方) 之立場……………………… 32 參、需求者 (買方) 之立場……………………… 35 肆、資訊服務提供者之立場…………………… 39 第三章 研究模式與方法……………………………… 49 第一節 研究模式………………………………. 49 壹、研究定位與個體定義………………………. 49 貳、供需互動模式………………………………. 51 參、研究範圍與分類架構………………………. 52 第二節 研究類型與步驟………………………… 54 第三節 評估方法論……………………………… 58 壹、因子分析……………………………………... 58 貳、加法型多準則評估…………………………. 59 參、非加法型多準則評估………………………. 61 肆、方案績效值的取得………………………… 63 第四節 規劃方法論……………………………… 70 壹、多目標規劃法…………………………… 70 貳、二階規劃法…………………………………. 73 第四章 評估面之研究 – 資訊服務提供者之評選…… 78 第一節 樣本特徵與資訊服務之使用現況……… 78 第二節 評選資訊服務提供者之準則分析……… 81 壹、評選準則之敘述統計分析………………… 81 貳、評選準則之因子分析……………………… 82 參、後續之效度驗證程序……………………… 90 第三節 多準則評估與決策體系之建立………… 93 壹、加法型多準則評估 – 層級分析法………… 93 貳、非加法型多準則評估 – 模糊積分法……… 97 參、實例說明與比較……………………………. 99 第五章 規劃面之研究 – 供需互動模式之發展…...….. 103 第一節 各種供需互動之說明…………………. 103 第二節 供需互動模式之發展………………… 106 壹、問題特性與解題流程……………………… 106 貳、互動規劃模式之建立……………………… 107 參、不同關係型態對互動過程的影響………… 113 第三節 簡例說明……………………………… 117 壹、背景說明…………………………………… 117 貳、問題求解過程說明………………………… 118 參、討論………………………………………… 125 第六章 結論與建議…………………………………… 127 第一節 結論……………………………………… 127 第二節 研究限制與困難………………………… 129 第三節 未來發展方向…………………………… 130 參考文獻………………………………………………… 131 附錄一………………………………………………………… 141 附錄二………………………………………………………… 145 附錄三………………………………………………………… 150 附錄四………………………………………………………… 153 附錄五………………………………………………………… 155 附錄六………………………………………………………… 163 附錄七………………………………………………………… 165 博士候選人簡歷……………………………………………… 172 / In the environment of Electronic Commerce (EC), there are more and more demanders of products or services looking for available interactive partners of transaction through the burgeoned electronic media (such as the Internet), who then complete transactions with the use of information technology and the connection of communication networks. Therefore, the interactive relationship between each member in the transaction structure will face new poundings and challenges. And the supply chain (SC) management, which fits into the notion of EC, will be a new field based on information technology and communication infrastructure. Within this field, the SC can be simply conceptualized into three parts: (1) Those act as the suppliers of products and services (the sellers), (2) The demanders or consumers of products and services (the buyers) and (3) the information service provider (ISP) which provides the information service for both parties. Among these three parties, in addition to the material/product flow and service flow existed in the production and distribution processes together with the financial flow required of accomplishing transactions, what is more important is the information flow that provides control function. Thus, how to effectively manage and use information flow becomes a key factor for successful SC management. As a result, the needs from enterprises for information service arise. This dissertation aims to establish a complete research system which helps develop an interactive supply-demand model for SC in EC, especially focusing on the relationship between the demanders and suppliers of information service. The research system includes three sub-systems: system of conceptualization, system of evaluation and system of planning. The system of conceptualization develops an integrated conceptual model to depict the interactive supply-demand relationship within SC. This model explains the objectives and the behavioral attributes of every individual, which then become the foundation of follow-up development of the systems of evaluation and planning. As for system of evaluation, this paper uses both additive (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and non-additive methods (Fuzzy Integral) to develop the multiple criteria decision making model for evaluating and selecting ISPs. In accordance with the results above, decision-makers are able to evaluate and select from alternatives on hand. Once the evaluation result is confirmed, decision-makers can proceed with the follow-up supply-demand interaction. As for the planning system, analysis of how supplier and demander of information service interact with each other according to their objectives and resource constraints is carried out. This dissertation also divides the supply-demand interaction into four different situations according to the type of relationship and the dominance. Through the application of fuzzy bi-level multiple objective programming (fuzzy BLMOP) technique and the multi-stage problem solving flow chart, we can analyze how the supply and demand units interact with each other by exchanging information and the possible outcomes of interactions can be explained. Finally, this dissertation illustrates the applicability of the fuzzy BLMOP model with a simple example.