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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

供應鏈中的跨階管理:以焦點廠商、一階供應商、二階供應商的三方關係為例 / Managing Across Tiers in a Supply Chain: Case Studies in the Triad Relationship of 'Focal Firm - First Tier Supplier - Second Tier Supplier'

張雯然 Unknown Date (has links)
供應鏈中的各廠商彼此專業分工,專注於自己的核心能力,藉市場交易交換資源,可以讓整個供應鏈的生產效率最佳化。組織間的管理也是一樣,若每一個廠商都能管理好直接的上下游廠商,提昇合作的品質,則供應鏈整體的績效也會提昇。若有缺乏生產能力或管理能力的廠商,也會被市場機能淘汰。當供應鏈中每一階層的市場機能運作良好時,任何上下游市場的變化,也會層層傳遞到其他階層的市場,而影響了廠商的決策,並回過頭來傳遞而影響原來發生變化的源頭市場。因此,在理想的狀態中,廠商並不需要關心直接上下游之外的其他階層的市場的狀況,廠商在本身所面對的市場中做的決策自然會影響其他階層的市場,並最終達成整個供應鏈中各市場的均衡。但是,在實務上,我們卻發現廠商跨過直接的供應商去管理更上游的二階以上的供應商的情況愈來愈普遍。什麼原因造成了前述市場機能的失靈,且不能只依賴各階段市場中適當的混合統合模式選擇來回應市場失靈,以致於廠商必須協助或代替供應商去管理更上游的供應商(即本論文所稱的跨階管理)呢?在過去供應鏈管理相關文獻中,缺乏專文討論跨階管理的現象。僅能由一些供應鏈管理的研究中找到部份與跨階管理有關的案例描述,且缺乏理論的解釋。因此,本論文以「焦點廠商-一階供應商-二階供應商」的三方關係為分析單位,做為更一般化的跨階管理的代表,研究焦點廠商為何要介入一階供應商對二階供應商的管理,或焦點廠商為何要直接管理二階供應商。本論文透過個案研究,選擇具先進供應鏈管理實務的台灣資通產業中的九家廠商進行訪談及次級資料收集,歸納式地分析個案資料,以找出跨階管理的內涵及理由。 本論文發現跨階管理的內涵,可以用組織間關係中的協調(coordination)、控制(control)、協商(negotiation)為管理元素加以拆解。第一,焦點廠商介入一階供應商對二階供應商的管理,可以重新拆解為焦點廠商協調、控制、協商一階供應商對二階供應商的協調、控制、協商。第二,焦點廠商直接管理二階供應商,即為焦點廠商對二階供應商進行協調、控制、協商的行動。這兩種跨階管理做法的深度不同,但都是為了達到相同的結果,因此可以合併為更高層次的「跨階管理」構念,以這兩種做法代表中等程度及較高程度的跨階管理的水準表現。跨階管理的理由包括了焦點廠商對一階供應商的資訊不對稱及權力不對等、一階供應商對二階供應商的管理能耐不足及權力不對等、一階供應商處於二階供應商及焦點廠商間的資訊處理能力及任務協調能力不足。更進一步歸納這些原因,可以形成兩個類別,分別是一階供應商的投機和無能,導致焦點廠商必須進行跨階管理。一階供應商的投機是因它位於焦點廠商和二階供應商之間,而有資訊不對等和權力不對等的優勢。一階供應商的無能又分為管理二階供應商時協調、控制能力不足和談判力不足,以及做為焦點廠商和二階供應商的居中協調者卻在資訊傳遞及任務協調上的能力不足。而焦點廠商進行跨階管理後,可以改善或部份取代原來「焦點廠商-一階供應商」及「一階供應商-二階供應商」的關係及績效,因此可以提昇「焦點廠商-一階供應商-二階供應商」三方關係所形成的體系的整體績效。
22

應用區塊鏈技術設計具資料隱私性之綠色供應鏈管理平台框架 / Using Blockchain Technology to Design a Green Supply Chain Management Information Platform Framework with Data Privacy

黃方佐 Unknown Date (has links)
在今日,實施綠色供應鏈管理不僅是遵守法規規範,更積極的是實施綠色供應鏈管理可為企業帶來更多競爭優勢,因此綠色供應鏈管理對企業而言越來越是值得探討與重視的議題。 目前綠色供應鏈管理平台的建立普遍是依賴政府或是第三方機構建立資料交換的機制,或是串接供應鏈上各個企業不同的企業系統達到資料交換的目的,然而這樣的做法有其風險。因為物料資料對企業來說是敏感且有價值的,企業須對提供儲存、資料交換服務的平台有高度信任度,且整個系統亦有中央集權式系統架構之缺陷。運用區塊鏈技術的特性可以解決這樣的問題,區塊鏈技術提供資料永久保存、不可篡改的分散式系統解決方案。本研究更近一步將區塊鏈技術結合加解密機制,讓資料僅有提供者本身以及其同意之查詢者能讀取,如此一來使得區塊鏈系統更具資料隱私之特性,並透過區塊鏈外部儲存系統的設計使儲存空間更易規模化,使得綠色供應鏈中大量、有價值物料資料之儲存、交換且須高度信賴物料資料不被篡改以及綠色認證不被篡改、偽造的這些議題能被解決。 / Nowadays, the implementation of green supply chain management system can bring more competitive advantages for enterprises. This issue is increasingly worthy of discussion. Until now, the establishment of green supply chain management platform generally depends on the government or third parties building the mechanism of exchanging the information, and connecting the various enterprises of different enterprises on supply chain to achieve the purpose of data exchange. However, the approach has risks. The features of blockchain technology can provide permanent preservation and tamper-proof system through the decentralized system solutions. Moreover, this study combines with data-privacy design and off-blockchain storage design to solve the problems of storaging and exchanging the valuable data and ensure material information and green certifications are tamper-proof.
23

綠色供應鏈協同運作策略之研究--以資訊製造業個案公司為例

謝成章 Unknown Date (has links)
在全球化的經濟蓬勃發展下,環保事件層出不窮,地球環境遭受重大破壞,各種環保議題引起國際矚目與熱烈討論。歐洲議會在2003年初公布了針對十項電機電子設備的兩個環保相關規範,分別是歐盟電機電子設備有害物質限制使用指令(RoHS)與歐盟電機電子設備廢棄物指令(WEEE),另外,歐盟能源使用產品生態化設計指令(EuP)也已在2005年8月11日公布,這些指令對相關產業的營運與發展將造成重大衝擊,其影響深遠供應鏈上下游成員無一倖免。 產業界為因應此一環保規範限制,將環境因素納入到傳統供應鏈管理當中,而形成了所謂「綠色供應鏈管理」的熱門議題。其主要差異乃是後者將生命週期思維融入產品設計、製造、使用與最終的廢棄回收處理的整個範疇。 本研究嘗試由資訊製造業的個案公司實際發展綠色供應鏈的過程中,以個案分析的方式收集其產品發展流程的各種資料,包括綠色設計、綠色採購、綠色供應商評鑑與稽核、綠色資訊平台建置等,並予以整理分析,建立個案公司的綠色供應鏈管理策略架構與協同運作模式。 本研究結果顯示綠色供應鏈管理策略的核心是「源頭管理」,源頭管理落實之後,加上其所衍生出來的綠色供應商評鑑與稽核、綠色產品管理系統、綠色資訊整合等各項活動,始能達到符合環保規範的目標,做到完整的風險控管,讓企業穩健發展。同時,本研究也顯示,建立協同設計機制及PDM資訊平台可以有效分析處理供應鏈上下成員間流通的資料,譬如,原物料、零組件等源頭綠色資料被有效地整合於綠色資訊平台,企業因應環保法規落實到資訊管理裡,營運風險因而獲得保障。 / Accompanying the vigorous economic development, the environment of the earth has been impacted tremendously. There are so many environmental issues that occurred in past decades turning into hot topics among nations. European Parliament published RoHS, and WEEE Directives in early 2003 that mandate ten categories of electric and electronic equipments to be restricted in the use of hazardous substances and wastes disposal respectively. Also, the setting of ecodesign requirement for Energy-Using Products newly announced in August of 2005. All the three mandatory EU Directives has definitely influenced significantly the foregoing development of the related industries. To react to the environmental regulations, the industries try to put environmental element into conventional Supply Chain Management, SCM. Thus, come out with Green SCM. The key differences are the latter mingling life cycle thought through out the whole scope of product life span. This research attempt to establish a collaborative structure and strategy for Green Supply Chain Management, by means of analyzing the information collected from the real developing process, including green design, green procurement, green suppliers’ appraisal, building up green information platform, of an information manufacturing firm. The research revealed that the core strategy of Green SCM is “Source Management”. Only if source management has fully implemented at the site of raw materials and component manufacturers, the environmental regulations can compliant thoroughly. Thus, the risk management is well controlled, so that the firm would operate soundly. Meanwhile, the research also showed that building up collaborative mechanism to link with PDM platform may process effectively the flowing data between the parties of supply chain. As a result, the restricted hazardous substances data of raw material and components are integrated into the green information platform and well managed. The operation risk of enterprise would be secured because of the entire implementation of information management for the environment regulations.
24

全球供應鏈實踐過程中柔性能力之研究―以利豐集團為例

宋四君 Unknown Date (has links)
二十世紀末期,跨國企業對供應鏈管理的價值、效率、協作三大核心問題進行再造,例如:以創新與速度提升需求的最終價值,以精益生產增進效率(成本、品質),以互信取代採購價格壓縮,並藉此進行供應鏈協作整合。然而眾多業者在上述再造過程中,卻發現由於供應鏈及其參與者組織體系過於龐大與僵硬,導致整體綜效難以發揮。經學術界與產業界探討後,對於如何提升與供應鏈各參與者的適應力、變革力所緊密相關的柔性能力,實有深入探討之必要,而其研究範圍亦自生產作業的柔性層次,提升至組織結構、文化、策略等柔性範疇,學者與業界更嘗試藉此研究建立有效柔性策略框架,作為鞏固並強化供應鏈綜效藍圖。 本研究即以探討全球供應鏈之柔性能力為命題,並以四次入選哈佛個案之模範生-利豐集團為例,進行個別研究。迄自確定研究問題、建構理論、選擇個案為起始,續以理論命題形成資料蒐集計畫、組織研究架構、資料定義驗證為過程,終以結論與建議為總結。本研究就所蒐集之利豐近15年來的檔案紀錄(年報、半年報、通函等)、公開出版品、訪談與演講記錄等資訊,對比Volberda(1998)研究所歸納之33項供應鏈柔性檢視指標分析,茲獲得以下結論: 1. 利豐集團對其分布於全球40個國家,65個辦事處的龐大組織,進行端對端、面向最寬廣的供應鏈整合,此行為符合Volberda所指:處於動態、複雜、不可預測的超競爭環境,必需建設充分的柔性混合能力。 2. 利豐集團以需求拉動為原動力,致力加長前置期、進行全球分散生產、追求規模經濟效益,並將庫存留置於上游vendor,並將上述作為柔性管理的主要任務,此種作法已具備高度的結構與策略柔性。 3. 利豐集團以客戶為中心,將組織層級予以扁平化,同時賦予業務部門營運自主權,讓員工得以在內部創業,此外還提倡共享價值觀,並建立透明的人資結構,來完善其組織設計。為建立長遠基業,利豐更規劃風險投資為產品線與人才的填補空間,以公司併購的途徑加速供應鏈網的編織。由此可見,利豐集團對組織設計已為柔性混合提供充的潛能,以適應動盪的環境。 4. 利豐集團一方面堅守完整的決策控制權、嚴密監控財務及營運程序,另一方面卻對業務部門廣為授權,並要求以誠信鞏固供應鏈的夥伴關係,可說是以剛柔並濟為本質,並建立因時、因地、因事制宜的剛柔混合策略。 5. 就33項檢視指標對比分析後,本研究指出:利豐供應鏈在技術、結構、文化範疇,具備充分的柔性能力;而學者Volberda所歸納之西方供應鏈柔性理論亦可適用於東方企業之柔性建設。 / In the Late 20th Century, transnational enterprises had re-engineering at value, efficiency, and cooperate of supply chain management (SCM). For example: Using innovation and speed improve the final value of needs, promote efficiency by lean production, replace beat the price down with mutual trust and combine the cooperation of supply chain. However, many enterprises found it’s hard to produce the synergy during re-engineering, because of the huge and stiff organization. The adaptive and change capacity of worldwide supply chain participants became more and more important, and the scope of research was from the flexibility of operation-level to the flexibility of organizational structure, culture and strategy. The scholar and industry attempt to probe into and set up the effective flexible strategy frame as consolidating and strengthening the blueprint of synergy in supply chain.   This research is to probe into the flexibility of worldwide supply chain, and use the Li & Fung Group doing a case study report. It includes confirming the research questions, building theory, choosing the case, collecting data, organizing the research structure, verifying data and giving conclusions and suggestions. Compare information such as files of Li & Fung Group in recent 15 years, publications, interviews, speech records etc. to 33 items of flexibility of supply chain examined indicator which Volberda studied, we can obtain the following conclusions:   First, there are 40 countries in the world and 65 offices in the Li & Fung Group, and doing end-to-end and most broad supply chain combination, which accord with Volberda’s view that must build abundant mix of flexibility in dynamic, complicated, unpredictable super-competitive environment. Second, Li & Fung Group took demand-pull as motivity, and devoted to increasing leading time, carrying on the whole world disperse production, pursuing scale economic benefits and leaving the stocks in upper course. We found Li & Fung Group already had high flexibility in structure and strategy.   Third, Li & Fung Group regards customer as the center, they have a flat-organization, give operational autonomy to sales department, let the staff internal start-up, using sharing the values and open human resources structure to perfect its organizational design. In order to build a long-term corporate, Li & Fung Group use risk investment filling in the space of product line and talent, and use merger to expand supply chain network size. We find the organizational design of Li & Fung Group can adapt to the dynamic environment.   Fourth, on one hand Li & Fung Group stand at intact decision control power, and control tightly to the financial and operational procedure, but authorize sales by a wide margin on the other hand. Honest supply chain partnership is the base of androgyny.   After comparing and analysing through 33 items, this research is pointed out that there is abundant flexible ability in technology, structure, culture in the supply chain of Li & Fung Group. Volberda’s flexible theory of the supply chain which used in eastern enterprises can be used in west too.
25

教科書產業有效導入ERP的成功因素及成效探討--以K公司為例

蔡其修 Unknown Date (has links)
企業要提昇營運管理績效及核心競爭力,除了組織及流程改造外,改變作業管理方式,精進e化管理模式,亦是不可或缺的解決方案之一。而企業導入資訊系統更是為因應這變動劇烈的產業競爭環境必備的條件之一。 K公司因營運範疇急速擴增,事業版圖擴及大陸,卻面臨原來所使用的AS400系統,已無法快速且精確的揭露財務報表,及面臨嚴峻之經營挑戰。為解決此一問題,該公司透過經營管理委員會之投資審議機制,形成導入企業資源規劃(Enterprise Resource Planning,ERP)之決策。ERP系統係將企業內部各事業體、各部門,以資訊科技,企業內部大小系統,整合在一起,將所有的資訊能在線上即時揭露,由於資訊的透明化、即時化,使K公司能達成立即反應規劃的目標,並將所有的營運資訊納為決策資訊。 企業建置ERP系統,將會付出相當可觀的軟體費用和顧問諮詢費用,且在人力成本上,若事先未溝通清楚,而引進新系統,將會使企業內部員工或主管產生抗拒與適應不良,這些有形或無形的成本,身為企業主或高階經營者均必須審慎考量,既然導入成本很高,管理者更應慎思:「ERP系統是否可以提升企業的營運績效與競爭力」。 爰此,K公司在專案導入過程中,從專案評估、籌備、流程設計、系統設定階段、系統上線等五大導入過程,均是環環相扣且是綿密的,以及應用專案管理九大領域之要領,使專案能如期如質成功導入。 本研究主要針對K公司導入SAP/ERP系統,瞭解其成功關鍵因素為: 一、考量最佳流程,而非用舊流程套新系統 是要避免將系統AS400化,亦即不是用SAP做到原來AS400中舊系統的作業流程,而是要學習SAP系統中的流程實務,思考最佳的作業模式。 二、分析系統關連圖,找出完善業務的IT建置。 透過整個資訊的關連圖,需進一步找到更多需整合或開發的細節,讓ERP系統的管理幅度能夠涵蓋所有的企業流程。 三、分階段讓主管受益,降低導入阻礙 為了與使用單位主管溝通,專案經理及關鍵使用者(Key User),對主管簡報與分享經驗,讓主管能感受到系統的預期效益。 四、有系統解決問題,而非見招拆招 系統成功上線後,並非導入已經結束,而是將工作重新從系統建置及導入時程與品質的確保,移轉到ERP系統的調教,並持續推動ERP基礎工程,研討的系統改進。 並就企業導入ERP後,在作業面及人力成本與營運管理之改善成效與成功關鍵因素進行實證研究,研究方法係採用AHP方法來驗證軟(硬)體,顧問團隊之系統評選與人為評選之差異,與個案訪談的方式來進行研究,探討導入ERP系統是否提升企業營運改善成效之差異。 本研究之結論:透過ERP系統導入確實可以使K公司從「印量預測」到「生產交貨」至「財報揭露」改善成效更具體。
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半導體產業供應鏈網路資源分配模式之研究 / The Model of Resources Allocation in Supply Chain Network for Semiconductor Industry

徐豐祺, Hsu, Feng-Chi Unknown Date (has links)
半導體生產的流程可分成四階段:晶圓生產(fabrication)、測試分類(sorting)、封裝(assembly)與檢驗(testing)。每個階段都有不同的廠商可提供服務。當晶圓生產廠商接獲訂單,其供應鍊管理者會根據產能、需求量、交貨日、技術水準與成本等考慮因素,決定此訂單應由何晶圓廠區生產、由何測試分類廠做分類、由何封裝廠做封裝與最後由何檢驗廠做檢驗。本研究的主要目的為在各種限制條件下,以最小成本為目標,找出完成客戶訂單的最佳廠商組合。可能的限制包括產能限制、交貨日的滿足、各廠區的技術水準及需求量的大小。本問題可視為產品組合、廠商組合與生產排程的綜合問題,過去常用的解決方法為整數與線性規劃的混合應用,但是由於牽涉的因素太多,常常問題的模式中變數與限制式過多導致無法解決。本研究先以資料的收集與模式的建構為主,利用並修改現有的產品結構樹模型使其變成供應鏈網路模式,並加入半導體產業供應鏈相關特性,建立一個以時間軸為機制的混合整數線性模式。並且以時間成本的概念來衡量整個半導體供應鏈的效能。 混合整數線性模式常會面臨許多問題,由於模式的複雜,變數與限制式過多,造成求解的困難。對電腦資源的需求很大,花費的時間也很長。同時對於問題的規模亦造成制限。於是本研究藉著修改Kim (1995) 的 backward list scheduling 演算法概念,建構一個解決問題的啟發式演算法,可快速求得一組近似最佳解之可行解。 由於供應鏈所面對的是隨機環境,因此必須以模擬的方式對上述模型進行檢驗,確認其有效性及適用的範圍。利用系統模擬方法,確定隨機變數與其分配,以建立模擬模型程式。實際進行模擬,以驗證上述供鏈模型之有效性,並瞭解、分析模型之適用性及應用方式。 對於半導體產業供應鏈廠商指派與資源分配之網路管理方面,提供一數量化的思考邏輯。運用數量化的模式表現出不同的半導體產業供應鏈廠商指派與資源分配之網路管理的問題,並提出解決問題的演算機制。
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企業導入供應鏈管理系統之個案研究 / Case study to identify appropriate process to adopt supply chain management system

宋清國, Sung, Ching-Kuo Unknown Date (has links)
彈性與速度是企業進入二十一世紀賴以生存的命脈,特別是在以製造業聞名的台灣,更感受到全球運籌與彈性應變的壓力,從近來國內企業資源規劃(Enteprise Resources Planning;ERP)與供應鏈管理(Supply Chain Management; SCM)軟體的蓬勃發展,便可以知曉企業以資訊夥伴關係,建置商業快速回應系統(Quick Response;QR)提升顧客滿意度的企圖心。  供應鏈管理在近年來被視為提昇企業競爭力,與上、下游廠商建立信任關係的基礎之一,由於企業全球化的精密分工、接單後生產…等營運方式改變,使得企業亟需思考是否應該投入大量資源來改善供應鏈體系,對於是否、及如何導入「供應鏈管理系統」,其成與效益、導入時間點考量的基準等重要議題往往欠缺有效的評估準則云云,所以本研究乃探討製造業導入供應鏈的關鍵成功因素,期能提供業者經營、策略制定上進一步參考。  本研究將以國內外學者對供應鏈管理的相關文獻探討為研究基礎,對國內較早引進供應鏈管理、且其供應鏈體系相對較為成熟的資訊硬體產業及汽車產業,各擇一家較具代表性及配合意願較高的廠商進行實地調查的深度研究,以探索發掘供應鏈管理的關鍵要素所在,並歸納出研究結論和相關建議。  本論文之研究結論如下: 一、外部環境分析方面(驅動供應鏈管理的外部因素): (一)近年來由於資訊的科技進步,克服了資訊傳遞、處理、分析等技術問題,有利於供應鏈管理之推動  (二)行銷典範的移轉及消費觀念改變使供應鏈管理更受重視   (三)全球化趨勢催化國內產業引進供應鏈管理  (四)國際及國內企業間的激烈競爭使得供應鏈管理成為企業的競爭武器  (五)資訊分享與溝通的需要,使得供應鏈管理重要性更加提升  (六)政府輔助措施的推動,有利於產業供應鏈管理的建置與推動  二、企業內的供應鏈管理方面: (一)應以整體企業來考量供應鏈管理系統的導入及與既有系統的整合  (二)企業流程再造精神及作法的導入,是引進供應鏈管理成功與否的關鍵因素  三、企業間之供應鏈管理方面:企業內、外的整合、資源分享為關鍵功因素所在  四、企業導入供應鏈管理之應有程序:  (一)確認企業的策略目標及其在供應鏈的角色與目的  (二)塑造改革願景並對企業策略與可行性發展解決方案  (三)重新檢視與設計企業活動的流程與責任劃分  (四)成立供應鏈管理推動小組,由最高管理當局擔任召集人  (五)建立供應鏈成員的「信任」關係  (六)釐定上、下游(供應商與客戶)的整合解決方案  (七)注重「成果導向」  (八)加強訓練供應鏈管理參與廠商之人員  (九)將改革專案的精神深植於企業組織文化中  最後則提出了有關供應鏈成員關係等未來研究方向:如供應鏈管理推動後所產生的效益(有形與無形效益)如何與供應鏈成員分享(主導者、上下游及最終顧客)。此外,供應鏈管理成功與否,上下游供應鏈成員間的互動、「信任」、「合作」往往扮演著關鍵性的地位,因此,應可進一步應用社會學中有關「信任」(trust)方面的領域、理論到供應鏈管理成員信任關係,及該信任關係對供應鏈管理績效的影響。 / "Supply chain management system; SCM" has been deemed as one of the useful tools for businesses to promote their competitiveness, and to build up their trust relationship with up and down stream businesses. According to the evolved business operation modes, such as precise collaboration and BTO (build to order) systems, businesses need to reconsider whether it is necessary to allocate massive resources to improve the function of their supply chains.  Traditionally, the key factors, including the necessity, effectiveness, process and appropriate timing for SCM adoption, always lack valid criteria for evaluation. This research, therefore, aims to explore the key factors that are required to achieve successful adoption of supply chains to manufacturing industry, and to provide specific references for management policy making. This research begins with elaborating the outcomes of the supply chain literatures published by international scholars. One company each from information hardware and car industries will then be chosen to conduct field study and in-depth research in order to identify the key factors for adopting SCM, and to derive conclusions helpful to optimize business operation. The  aforementioned conclusions include: 1.Exogenous factors analysis (external driving factors of SCM adoption):  (1)How does advanced information technology, which overcomes the difficulties of information transferring, processing, and analysis that help promote the adoption of SCM.  (2)How do marketing paradigm and consuming concept shifts put SCM under the spotlight.  (3)How does globalization trend urge domestic industries to adopt SCM.  (4)How does severe competition, between international and domestic businesses, makes SCM become businesses competition forces.  (5)How do information sharing and communication needs reinforce the importance of SCM.  (6)How do government incentives help impose and promote SCM. 2.Intra –business SCM:  (1)Introduce and integrate SCM based on overall business development condition.  (2)Introduce business process reengineering as the key factor to adopt SCM. 3.Inter-business SCM: To adopt integration of intra- and inter-businesses, and resource sharing as KSF.  4.Procedures to introduce SCM:  (1)Identify business strategic goal, role and purpose  (2)Forge reform vision, strategic plan and feasible resolutions.  (3)Review and design the mechanism that controls the business activities process and responsibility sharing.  (4)Establish a SCM committee, and designate a top management as its chairman.  (5)Build up trust relationship among supply chain member business.  (6)Propose an integration plan to integrate suppliers (up stream) and clients (down stream).  (7)Implement outcome-oriented approach.  (8)Provide necessary personnel training to supply chain member businesses.  (9)Incorporate the reengineering spirit into business culture.
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全球化供應鏈管理績效評估與探討 / The Performance Evaluation and Survey of the Global Supply Chain Management

陳麗玉, Chen, Li-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
供應鏈管理的觀念在於整合採購、生產和運送產品及服務至顧客一連串的活動,供應鏈目前已逐漸獲得企業的重視,但由於各個企業間的規劃控制、工作流程、組織架構、資訊流程架構、管理方法、權力領導及文化態度等等都存在著差異,要協調與整合供應鏈上的所有成員是一項極為困難的工作,尤其近年來在資訊資源與企業整合逐漸成熟的情況下,全球化成為新的發展趨勢與思考方向,供應鏈更是橫跨地理疆界,遍布多國,管理更加困難。 不可諱言,全球化供應鏈可以為企業帶來許多的利益與優勢,然而,供應鏈中企業間分布距離擴大,以及全球化本身所造成的高度不確定性,都使得原本產生的利益被抵消,使得我們懷疑是否採行全球化供應鏈的企業,其績效就能提升。 為了探討全球化供應鏈的績效是否如預期,我們藉由模擬方式來分析採行不同策略在不同供應網體系下,整體供應鏈管理實際運作的情形;首先以多重代理人模式化複雜的供應鏈網路系統,每個代理人可代表供應鏈上的獨立個體(結點),以代理人的功能描述個體的特徵;接著以模擬方法比較採行全球化策略與本地化策略的供應鏈績效產出;最後對模擬結果作分析說明全球化所帶給企業的利益及造成的影響。 結果發現在相同的供應網體系,由於前置時間無可避免的變長,全球化策略的確會造成不滿足率的提高,而在不同的供應網體系下,全球化策略所產生的效果也不同,第一類供應網的影響程度較輕微,第二類供應網的變化幅度激烈,而第三種供應網則產生高度不滿足的情形。 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機 3 1.3 研究目的 4 1.4 研究方法與步驟 5 1.5 研究範圍與限制 6 1.6 論文架構 7 第二章 文獻探討 8 2.1 供應鏈 8 2.2 供應鏈管理 9 2.2.1 供應鏈管理的定義 9 2.2.2 供應鏈管理的組成 11 2.2.3 供應鏈作業的參考模式 13 2.2.4 供應鏈管理遭遇的問題 16 2.3 全球化供應鏈管理 17 2.4 供應鏈績效評估 20 2.5 供應鏈網路 24 2.6 多重代理人系統 27 2.6.1 代理人與多重代理人 27 2.6.2 代理人的應用領域特徵 28 2.6.3 代理人的分析和設計 29 2.6.4 多重代理人在供應鏈的相關議題 32 2.6.5 多重代理人架構於供應鏈的應用 33 第三章 研究方法 39 3.1 研究方法的採用 39 3.1.1 研究方法的基本類型 39 3.1.2 本研究的研究方法 40 3.2 研究步驟 41 3.3 相關文獻與理論基礎之探討 42 3.4 評估模式之建立 43 3.5 模擬方法之採用 46 3.6 雛型診斷系統之開發 48 3.7 結論與建議 48 第四章 模式推導 49 4.1 評估模式建立 49 4.2 影響的變數與項目 50 4.2.1 控制策略 50 4.2.2 網路架構 52 4.2.3 不確定性 54 4.3 模式化供應鏈網路 56 4.3.1 架構 56 4.3.2 代理人 57 4.3.3 流程 65 4.3.3.1 內部運作 65 4.3.3.2 外部互動 69 4.4 定義績效評估指標 73 4.4.1 整體供應鏈的存貨成本 73 4.4.2 整體供應鏈的顧客服務水準 74 4.4.3 訂單的週期時間 75 第五章 模擬 76 5.1 問題描述 76 5.2 建立假說 77 5.3 模擬環境 78 5.3.1 模擬系統 78 5.3.2 參數設定 79 5.3.3 供應網設定 81 5.3.4 模擬組別 86 5.4 模擬結果 89 5.4.1 相同類別的供應網比較 89 5.4.1.1 第一類供應網 89 5.4.1.2 第二類供應網 92 5.4.1.3 第三類供應網 95 5.4.2 不同類別的供應網比較 98 第六章 結論 100 6.1 研究結論 100 6.2 建議 102 6.2.1 對實務界的建議 102 6.2.2 對後續研究者的建議 102 參考文獻 103 附錄一 系統展示 108 附錄二 參數設定 121 / The ideal in supply chain management is the fully integration of business process from end consumers through original suppliers that provides products, services and information. And we know that it is very difficult to coordinate and to integrate all members of a supply chain, especially a global supply chain that the members are dispersed in a number of countries. It is obvious that we can get some benefits from the globalization. However, because of the higher uncertainty of the globalization itself, we also get some trouble and losses. So we have the reason to doubt that whether the globalization of a supply chain can really improve its performance or not. Through the literature survey, we know that the multi-agent modeling technique is a very useful approach to model the complicated structure of a supply chain network. In this thesis, we first proposed a multi-agent based simulation model for evaluating the performance of a supply chain to help us in decision-making. Since each member of a supply chain is an independent entity, an agent is used to represent a member of the chain. And we can build each agent’s functions based on each corresponding member’s characteristics. Secondly, we used simulation approach to do the performance comparison between the globalization and localization of a supply chain to study what are the gains and the losses caused by the effects of the globalization. And we also investigated the performance variations caused by the effects of the different types of supply chain network. In this research, we find out that globalization/localization and different network types may significantly influence the performance of a supply chain.
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供應商平衡計分卡之設計與運用――以某電子業為模擬對象 / Design and application of supplier balanced scorecard ― a case study

簡秀蓉 Unknown Date (has links)
21世紀是供應鏈與供應鏈之間的戰爭。從近幾年Fortune雜誌調查發現,美國前500強企業多以創新的供應鏈管理見長,供應商管理能力已經躍升為今日企業之核心能耐,企業不再單打獨鬥,而是靠跨組織的合作才能贏得商戰。 為了管理日漸龐雜的供應商關係,「供應商計分卡」普遍運用於企業,然而實際走訪電子業界卻發現,供應商計分卡績效衡量指標非常不足,更大的問題是供應商計分卡績效衡量指標欠缺與總公司策略的連結!一個缺乏策略與戰術的衡量指標很容易使組織的管理走向明日黃花。 有鑑於此,本研究期以化策略為行動的績效管理工具平衡計分卡,為企業提供供應商績效衡量指標全新架構,我們稱這套嶄新的管理工具為「供應商平衡計分卡」,供應商平衡計分卡能帶領企業結合跨組織力量,不僅拉升企業績效,更能有效應付未來挑戰。 / The 21st century is the age of supply chain war. In recent years, Fortune magazine survey found that most of the top 500 US companies are known for innovation of supply chain management, and the supplier management capability has emerged as the core competence of today's enterprises. The enterprises can no longer compete solely on themselves, and “inter-organizational cooperation” will be the key to the success. In order to manage increasingly complicated and numerous supplier relationships, “supplier scorecard” is generally used in business. However, after actually interviewing with the electronics industry, we found that the performance measures of supplier scorecard are insufficient. In particular, the supplier performance measurement scorecard lacks for links with the head office strategy. In this study, we introduce a strategy tool which incorporates with the performance management tool Balanced Scorecard. It aims to provide enterprises with a new supplier performance metrics framework, and we call this new management tool “Supplier Balanced Scorecard.” The “Supplier Balanced Scorecard” not only can lead the enterprises to combine inter-organizational efforts, but also pull up business performance, more effectively in meeting the challenge of the new century.
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產品服務化對傢俱零售產業供應鏈管理之影響 – 以A公司為例 / The influence of servitization on supply chain management in the furniture retail industry: A case study of Company A

蘇國棟 Unknown Date (has links)
產品服務系統的概念是在八十年代被提出,當時基於國際化導致各國產業日趨競爭,企業因而積極尋求更多的途徑來創造成長,而當時許多企業,如: IBM、Xerox 等,由原本的產品銷售事業逐漸 跨足服務的提供,這帶給這些企業許多市場競爭優勢,進而促使更 多不同產業的企業開始應用類似的策略實施。 有鑑於國內產業目前積極地推廣產品服務系統,以創造各個領域的產業升級,因此本研究以產品服務系統的供應鏈管理做為討論的核心,希望了解企業在產品服務系統的落實中,應如何應對這商 業模式的變化。對此,本研究採用個案研究法,首先透過文獻探討 以整理出研究的分析模型,再配合產品服務系統實施成功的國內傢 俱零售廠商做為研究個案,以進行調查。其中,分析模型主要由三個面向所構成,分別為下游供應網絡、焦點企業與上游供應網絡 , 並且在下游供應網絡的環節重點討論企業與顧客的互動模式,在焦 點企業的部分探討企業內部的管理措施,而在上游供應網絡探究企業與供應商的合作模式。 本研究發現產品服務系統的採行會直接地改變企業與顧客之間的互動關係,這促使企業必須與顧客進行密切的溝通,同時還需要積極獲取顧客的資訊。而由企業內部角度來看,則需要創造服務能力,調整績效管理模式,以及培養服務導向的組織文化。最後,企 業應與供應商應建立作業連結、資訊共享管道與誘因同盟,使彼此促成長期的合作關係,並讓整合方案能夠更效率地傳遞給顧客。 本研究透過實際案例的深入探討,了解到企業在執行產品服務系統的過程中,對於供應鏈採行了何種管理因應,其結果不但擴充 了“產品服務系統供應鏈”的理論探討,同時能夠也提供給未來相關領域的研究者與其他相關企業發展的參考。 / The concept of Product Service System (PPS) has been expanded since 1980s, when the globalization boosted the competition of various industries. Therefore, companies were longed to explore new business model to facilitate their performance within the market and at that period several companies (including IBM, Xerox) successfully obtained outstanding competitive advantages through providing service, which is derived from their product business, and formed the idea of PPS and Servitization. And so, more and more companies involve in PPS, hence PPS have already applied in numerous industries nowadays. Previously, Taiwan’s local market put a lot of emphasis on PPS, in order to promote upgrade in various industries. Therefore, this paper is aim to discover implementational insight of PSS in the perspective of supply chain management (SCM) and realize how should company responds, when facing the change of business model. In this case, this paper utilize case study methodology with analysis model, which is contrived by desk research on PPS supply chain related paper, and execute in-depth analysis on case study of local furniture retailer, which possess successfully experience in PPS. In this research, the analysis model is consisted with three major dimensions, that is upstream supply network, focal company and downstream supply network. In the aspect of upstream supply network will focus on the discussion of customer interaction, but when it comes to the aspect of focal company will put emphasis on inner management and last would be the dimension of downstream supply network with understanding of supplier relationship management in the background of PPS. The research results indicate that the application of PPS would bring direct change on the interrelationship of customer and focal company, this would cause the company to have frequent communication with customer and shall obtain customer information during interaction. And in the viewpoint of focal company, it should alter the performance evaluation model and acquire new ability of service and service-oriented culture. Last but the least, focal company should establish comprehensive operational linkages, information sharing methods and incentive alignment with supplier to deliver integrated solution to the customer efficiently. With in-depth case study, this paper unveils the SCM detail information of Servitization and the result is not only contributive toward the academic research of PPS, but also provides valuable insight for industry with further expansion on PPS.

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