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產業結構分析之研究--以台灣IC製造業為例 / A Research of Industry Structure Analysis: Taiwan IC Manuctures for Example鍾杰輝, Chung, Chi Hui Unknown Date (has links)
為對產業研究的方法有一集中性的探討,並對IC產業做焦點式的剖析,本研究乃朝著規範性、分析性、策略性、前瞻性與實務性等方向前進,期望建立分析架構,提供適切的分析之道,配合IC產業之情況,做為理論與實務的驗證。
研究的架構可分為三大主體,包括產業結構現況分析、策略群組分析以及情境分析。產業結構現況的部份主要是分析五種競爭動力彼此消長與互動之態勢,利用所謂的產業結構變數,個別研判對五力的影響及其背後因素,進而對產業結構得以深入瞭解。對IC產業驗證之結果,可發現其五力的態勢為同業問的競爭對抗甚強、購買者的議價力頗高而供應商、潛在進入者以及替代品的力量較為薄弱。
至於策略群組部份則嘗試擺脫以往所用以劃分的構面,提出如何針對不同產業特性選取適當構面的方法。分析結果發現台灣IC製造業,可以產品線廣度與製程能力這兩項構面劃分為技術領先、全面涵蓋、專業利基、負擔沈重以及亟待努力等五群。而植基於五種競爭動力與產業結構變數之情境分析法,則可挑選出替代性需求下策略聯盟方式、產能擴充所導致的競爭與換線生產的容易性等四項情境變數,再依此四項變數建構出各種未來情境,研判產業結構變化、競爭優勢來源以及各群廠商的因應之道。
最後研究發現此一架構兼具規範性與前瞻性並可隨著產業特性的不同而調整。而研究不單只為理論的驗證,更亟望業者能更加重視產業結構分析的重要性,時時認清自身所虛的競爭地位,掌握結構的脈動,及早因應。至於本研究最大的特色為採用新的產業結構變數、創造新的策略劃分構面等。
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半導體通路商運籌管理之研究黃靜萍, Huang, Ching Ping Unknown Date (has links)
半導體產業隨著科技的日新月異與製程的不斷更新,在產業的規模經濟以及市場發展程度,已經成為競爭激烈的白熱化市場。半導體製造廠商在思索如何強化自身的技術,及經營能力以降低生產成本之時,通路商也需要思考如何提升產品與服務的優勢,以順應各式各樣不同的客戶需求。半導體通路商位於產業供應鏈的中間位置,是扮演產業中對於市場動態敏感度最活躍的角色。半導體通路商如何在瞬息萬變的產業中,優化運籌管理系統,加上運用自身所擁有的強項及優勢,開發新的商機,發揮在產業鏈中的存在價值,增加競爭優勢,是本研究主要探討的方向。
本研究以文獻探討及個案研究方式進行,藉由產業的分析中,來檢視半導體通路商產業目前的發展狀況以及未來發展趨勢。透過研究者於個案公司與外部專業顧問公司合作規劃,及建構運籌管理系統設計的過程,探討運籌物流平台的籌畫及未來發展狀況,並分析電子商務平台對半導體通路商,在面臨電子產業的快速變化及不確定性時,如何有效地將供應鏈的連結做得更完整,達到提高服務,節省企業成本,以提高競爭力。在對半導體通路商在運籌管理系統設計探討後,本研究認為儘管ERP等系統已在企業界e化的過程中成為必備的資訊架構,而對半導體通路商而言,在資源有限及資訊多元的狀態下,強而有力的電子商務協同平台的設立,對運籌管理系統的設計,有其發展的必要性。
本研究的結論在於半導體通路商在半導體產業網絡系統中,如何扮演好在供應鏈的中間份子的角色,在運籌管理系統設計所應規劃的因應之道,並且在半導體供應鏈優化的趨勢中商如何運用運籌管理系統的設計來強化自身優勢。
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電子設計自動化技術對台灣半導體產業價值網的影響 / The Impact of EDA Technology to Taiwan Semiconductor Industry Value Net林毓柔 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣半導體產業由於產業群聚效應促成產業的興盛,2005年台灣整體的半導體產業產值已達新台幣一兆一千億元以上,更創造科學園區十萬員工的產業族群,而由於整體半導體產業的基礎深厚,台灣半導體產業在全球半導體產業可說是具有舉足輕重的地位,有著從上而下完整的半導體產業供應鏈,相當具有產業發展的優勢。
電子設計自動化技術可說是IC產業的源頭,但是在EDA產業裡,(Electronic Design Automation 電子設計自動化; 以下簡稱EDA),只有少數全球性的EDA廠商將研發資源投注在台灣;國內半導體產業賴以設計晶片研發的EDA工具幾乎完全掌握在外商手裡,對台灣半導體產業的整體發展實屬不利。
本研究利用價值鏈理論,來分析半導體產業各業者之間的互動關係與重要的價值創新活動,並利用價值網理論發展出價值網的動態模型,藉由動態價值網中各個廠商間所提供的價值分析,來瞭解EDA產業與半導體產業間的互動行為與競合關係,並分析EDA技術創新對於半導體產業價值網的影響,同時本研究發現,晶圓代工公司正積極扮演在半導體產業價值網中價值整合者的角色。
本研究的貢獻在於經由分析EDA產業與技術,得知EDA技術對半導體產業價值網有顯著的影響,首先是對IC設計公司的創新研發能力、成本控制能力、進入市場時機、合作網路關係、保護智慧財產等關鍵因素的價值創新有顯著的正面影響。再者對晶圓製造公司的創新研發能力、創造市場價值、成本控制能力、進入市場時機、合作網路關係、提升顧客服務等關鍵因素的價值創新均有非常顯著的正面影響。由於本研究歸納出價值網的動態模型,後續研究者可以利用動態價值網的模型,來分析產業價值網的動態變化。 / The prosperity of Taiwan semiconductor industry is facilitated by the industry cluster effect. In 2005, the total Taiwan semiconductor industry’s value had amounted to above 1.1 trillion NTD and IC industry creates one hundred thousand jobs opportunity in Science Park. Built on a structure that emphasizes horizontal division and vertical integration, the IC industry has delivered an economic miracle to Taiwan. Because Taiwan semiconductor industry has a well organized infrastructure and a complete supply chain, it plays an very important role in worldwide semiconductor industry with superiority.
We may say that EDA (Electronic Design Automation; hereafter refers as EDA) technology is the beginning of IC industry. But in EDA industry, only few global EDA companies deployed R&D resources in Taiwan. The EDA tools which Taiwan semiconductor companies rely on developing IC design are almost completely being grasped in foreign EDA companies. This situation is very disadvantageous to Taiwan IC industry. Therefore, Taiwan government proclaimed that developing EDA talents and products will be the first priority plan in "National SoC (System on Chip) Program". This Program hopes to integrate EDA software, and to provide an outstanding design environment for the use of global systems design firms.
This research is focusing on three major question groups as following:
1. How is the interaction among semiconductor industry companies in Taiwan IC industry value chain? What are important value creation activities among enterprises in Taiwan IC industry?
2. What is the roadmap of EDA technology? How is the EDA industry developing?
3. What is the influence of EDA technology regarding to the semiconductor industry value net? What are the interactions and relations between EDA industry and Taiwan semiconductor industry? What is the impact of EDA technology to the value creations of Taiwan semiconductor industry dynamic value net?
First, this research uses Value Chain Theory to analyze the interaction and value creation activities among Taiwan semiconductor industry companies. Secondly, this research develops a “Dynamic Value Net Model” from Value Net Theory then to analyze Taiwan semiconductor industry. Third, this research analyzes the affiliation between each players in Taiwan IC industry dynamic value net and the interaction and co-opetition relationship between EDA vendors and semiconductor companies. Moreover, this research analyzes the influence of EDA technology innovation regarding Taiwan IC industry value net.
There are four major findings in this research as below:
1. EDA Play an Important Role in IC Industry
This research points out that EDA technology plays a very important role in IC industry, as it shows in Figure A-1. EDA is a necessary technology for IC design and PCB industry. The EDA software industry is located the most upstream position in IC design industry and IC manufacturing industry value chain. Through EDA technology, we may reduce the IC design cycle time and raise IC manufacturing yield rate which can enhance IC industry competitive advantage.
2. The Co-opetition Relationship in Taiwan IC Industry Value Net
This research analyzes the IC industry co-opertition relationship in Taiwan IC industry value net. This research figures out the existing complicate co-opertition relationship including “customer-supplier” relations, “complementor” relations, “competition” relations between each players in Taiwan IC industry value net.
3. Taiwan IC industry Dynamic Value Net Model Analysis
This research analyzes the interactions among EDA vendors, IC design companies and Foundries in Taiwan semiconductor industry value net through dynamic value net model analysis. This research discovers that Foundries are acting as value integrators in Taiwan IC industry value net aggressively. There are four major value creation activities in the value net:
(1) e-Service.
(2) Provide “IC design reference flow”, including DFM (Design for Manufacturing) support.
(3) Build EDA alliance to provide design support.
(4) CyberShuttle.
4. Impact of EDA Technology to Taiwan IC Industry Value Net
The contribution of this research is acknowledging that EDA technology has positive influence to semiconductor industry value net by analyzing EDA industry and technology. First, to the IC design companies, EDA technology has positive influence to R&D capability, cost control capability, active market entrance capability, cooperation network relationship and intellectual property protection. Furthermore, to Foundries, EDA technology has positive influence to R&D capability, market value creation, cost control capability, active market entrance capability, cooperation network relationship and customer service value. Because this research induces the dynamic value net model, the following researchers may use the model to analyze the dynamic change in any industry value net if applicable.
This research suggests that Taiwan IC industry should establish an outstanding design environment and services for global systems design firms, especially EDA software. These measures enable Taiwan to maintain its semiconductor manufacturing lead and grow the crucial design and design service business.
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半導體相關產業協會經營策略之探討以SEMI與GSA的比較為例俞艾玲 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究希望藉由探討半導體產業發展的過程中,透過兩個半導體相關的產業協會,GSA (former FSA (Fabless Semiconductor Association),now Global Semiconductor Alliance) 『全球半導體聯盟』,以及SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment & Materials International) 『半導體設備及材料協會』的成立及發展,來探討在半導體產業發展及產業區塊由歐美往亞洲地區移動的過程中,兩產業協會所扮演的角色及其經營策略之探討與比較。企盼透過半導體產業成長及產業演變的過程中,透過深入剖析兩產業協會GSA以及 SEMI,如何扮演起產業與學界和政府部門間的橋樑,以及如何透過扮演溝通協調的角色,以提供其中立且有效的運作機制,進而促進廠商間技術的交流,並隨著半導體的產業脈動由歐美轉進亞洲地區,推進其組織及服務的國際化及全球性。
半導體產業發展至今,約略才半個世紀左右,兩個產業協會GSA以及SEMI也伴隨著其所代表產業族群的崛起,分別於1994年以及1970年於美國加州成立,透過正式設立組織進而提供各項會員服務,以成為其所代表產業族群的喉舌。同時隨著半導體產業區塊由歐美移往亞洲地區的過程中,此二組織又是如何進行其國際化的佈局及全球化的策略,進而配合其會員的國際化,滿足並達成服務會員全球化的目標等,都將在本研究中對兩組織的經營策略有相關的整理及分析。
本研究的目的,期望透過半導體IC設計產業與半導體設備及材料業產業兩產業特性不同的探討,來剖析隨此兩產業發展所應運而生的兩個產業協會GSA以及SEMI,由兩組織其成立的時間、國際化的時程、國際化的策略、會務的運作模式以及其所提供的會務重點和產品特性、提供其會員廠商的半導體產業研究方向的異同等等,以不同的角度比較此二組織之經營策略。
最終期盼透過本研究的分析及整理,來解讀兩組織的經營策略及運作模式,以及如何透過其國際化的推行策略,來拓展及全球據點,以成為一國際性的產業協會而非地區性的組織,進而能提供給其他產業協會運作及組織欲國際化時之參考。
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半導體業生產績效作業層面影響因素之實地實證研究龔志忠, Kung, Chih-Chung Unknown Date (has links)
對晶圓代工產業而言:生產的彈性及穩定的高良率是競爭優勢之所在,為維持這兩項核心能力,企業必須持續改進製程以提高生產績效。Vadgama, Trybula (1996)曾對晶圓廠生產績效之改善提出建議方案:作者認為將模型工具與作業制成本制整合的管理方式,可辨認出對生產績效具有重大影響的生產區域,再以作業分析找出影響因素並提出相對應的解決方案,進而達到持續改善的目標。
本研究擬以個案公司作業制成本制為分析的基礎資訊系統,以「作業」的資訊進行生產績效影響因素的分析,期能分析出生產績效的影響因子,並找出其與生產績效之關係,管理當局即可根據策略目標,藉由持續改善影響因素來達成企業的生產績效目標。
本研究係以實地(Field)及實地實證(Field Empirical)研究的方式進行,以國內某積體電路製造公司為研究對象。並透過實地對個案公司進行觀察、訪談及書面閱讀的方式,瞭解個案公司特色,以形成本研究的研究假說。
本研究將晶圓廠內影響生產績效的因素分為排程因素、派工因素及監控因素三大類。
(一)排程因素對生產績效之影響
就排程因素來看,生產需求影響生產計畫,因此產品複雜性、生產控制活動可能都是生產排程必須考量的因素,而這些因素亦可能進一步對生產績效造成影響。
(二)派工因素對生產績效之影響
就生產現場而言,原料投入時點、機台派工規則、機台運用狀況及批量大小等因素都會綜合影響生產效率與效果,因此若能有系統的將這些因素組織起來,再進一步探討其對生產績效的影響程度高低,將有助管理者決定改善的重點及資源的調配。
(三)監控因素對生產績效之影響
晶圓製造過程要求之精密度、潔淨度相當高,也使得製程中常有許多無法預期的變異發生,因此「檢查」、「重製」與「廢棄」可視為晶圓製造過程中的必要支出。
透過迴歸分析,本研究之結果如下:
(一)排程因素對生產績效之影響
排程因素之代理變數包括:製程技術、光罩層數、製程優先順序與製程配方種類數。
就成本、生產週期時間與良率而言:緊急批量制度之採用確實能達到縮短生產週期時間的效果,但是卻會增加該批量之生產成本且降低其良率表現。
就成本因素而言:製程技術愈複雜、光罩層數愈多、製程配方筆數愈多,生產成本自然較高。
就生產週期時間而言︰顯示光罩層數每多一層,約需多耗費一個工作天;製程技術複雜性與製程配方筆數並不會影響生產週期時間,這樣的訊息對於交期的評估將具有一定的參考價值。
就良率而言︰愈新世代製程、製程配方筆數愈多,其良率表現愈差。
(二)派工因素對生產績效之影響
派工因素之代理變數包括:批量大小、批次待機時間、保養維護時間與當機時間。
就成本、生產週期時間與良率而言:保養維護時間愈短將可反應出較低的成本、較短的生產週期時間與較高的良率表現。
就成本而言︰批量愈接近滿批(25片),該批之總成本愈低,顯示控片、擋片等間接物料之支出,在ABC制度下獲得充分反應,相當值得生產單位進行併單、拆單時之參考︰「批次待機時間」之結論並不合理,經訪談廠方工程師後發現:樣本選取期間之產能利用率達100%,此時之待機時間相當短(每批次之平均值為0.98秒),此變數之具體影響必須進一步研究,才能得到驗證。
就良率而言︰愈接近滿批,良率表現愈佳,這應該也是控片、擋片制度採用之原因︰就「批次待機時間」而言,樣本期間之待機時間相當短,無法據以判斷對良率之影響︰而「當機時間」未達顯著水準,意味著無法解釋良率之變化。
(三)監控因素對生產績效之影響
監控因素之代理變數為晶圓重製片數。
晶圓重製決策將具體影響生產成本;晶圓重製與否無法據以解釋生產週期時間之長短;就良率而言︰重製與良率之間並未具有解釋關係。
根據實地實證研究結論,針對個案公司與後續研究者之建議如下所述:
(一)對個案公司之建議
本研究所選定之影響變數可分為幾類,包括:產品特性相關,如製程技術複雜性與光罩層數;作業動因相關,如待機時間、保養維護時間、當機時間;生產管理相關:緊急批量、批量大小、機台設定次數、晶圓重製。
1.產品特性相關
若能以ABC為骨幹,結合作業分析與上述實證結果,在市場導向與目標成本概念下,組成跨功能之產品開發團隊,不僅能縮短開發時間,降低技術移轉造成之誤差,並在短期內提升新製程技術的生產績效,保有生產高複雜性產品組合所應具備之彈性。
就「獲利分析」而言,透過ABC成本資訊,依顧客獲利分析、產品獲利分析之結論,作為客戶篩選與產品技術組合比重之參考。
2.作業動因
在ABC系統下,應可建立作業動因分析的機制,據以評估待機時間、保養維護時間與當機時間之影響及效益,若能藉此導入品質成本之概念,將過去品質管理之相關措施,以預防性支出、鑑定性支出、內部失敗成本、外部失敗成本等方式將品質作業具體數字化,透過定期的覆核與檢視,不僅能評估品質保證暨可靠性政策之成本效益,亦能滿足管理者進行例外管理之需求。
3.生產管理制度
依此模式建立一套生產績效影響因素之分析模型,透過統計方法,分析各變數對績效表現之具體影響為何?並排定解決上述問題之優先順序,進行專案管理,若再加上ABC所提供之作業分析資訊,將能使問題的焦點明確至作業(Activity)層級,自然能兼具"Do The Right Things"及"Do The Things Right"之效。
(二)對未來研究之建議
1.依生產區域,進行影響因素之分析,研究結果將更具管理價值。
2.透過實證模型發展出一套綜合生產績效指標,以滿足績效管理之需求。
3.以品質成本之概念,配合作業制成本制之作業屬性,分析預防性支出、鑑定性支出、內部失敗成本與外部失敗成本對生產績效表現之影響。
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台灣和韓國半導體產業比較研究:以「社會資本」觀點論陳宗文, Chen, Tzung-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以台灣和韓國的半導體產業為例,探討新興工業國家科技產業組織之形成與發展。在有系統地整理過相關文獻之後,本研究採取「社會資本」的概念進行分析。此一概念得將發展與組織社會學之不同觀點作適當的連結。唯在科技產業的發展過程中,存在著相互交錯的不同競爭場域,而各場域內有特定的資本形式,均得作為生產之投入,足以影響組織之形貌。本研究基於對新興工業國家之經濟社會發展與產業技術成長之不同階段所作之觀察,認為分屬於社會場域與技術場域的三種「社會資本」形式,對於產業組織之形成與發展具有重要的影響效果。
在實證分析方面,本研究以先進國家在半導體產業之發展歷程為背景,再進一步透過豐富的實證資料,論證台灣和韓國有關社會場域與技術場域之不同演變過程。在社會場域方面,台灣的技術官僚與產業聚落分別在不同時期提供半導體產業組織存續之所需,而韓國的財閥經濟自始即為產業生存的原動力。在技術場域方面,台灣和韓國的半導體產業組織都發展極為理性化的型態,並形成建構全球事業網絡之基礎。
透過對台灣和韓國半導體產業發展的實證分析,本研究發現,第一類社會資本在建構產業基礎,迅速提昇技術能力上,具有相當之功效;第二類社會資本具有輔助性,其形成與投入是延續產業組織生命之必要條件;第三類社會資本則是進一步提升組織績效,使組織得以接續全球化發展,繼而進入核心位置。 / The dissertation studies the development of high-tech industry in newly-industrialized countries (NICs), and particularly, the development of semiconductor industry in Taiwan and Korea. The development of high-tech industry is considered as results of competition between various fields (champs), in each of which specific capitals are provided as input for industrial production. We define therefore three forms of “social capitals” in two separated fields, social field and technology field, respectively, as tools of analysis. The dynamics of these social capitals is supposed to be critical in the development of semiconductor industry.
Following the analysis framework of social capitals, the research is empirically carried out by analysis of secondary materials about the semiconductor industry in Taiwan and Korea. In the social field, we found that the techno-bureaucracy and industrial clusters played sequentially significant roles in the development of semiconductor industry in Taiwan, whereas the chaebol economy, which was once the initial condition, dominates all the time in the development of semiconductor industry in Korea. Both Taiwanese and Korean semiconductor firms, however, developed into a rational organizational form recently. Therefore, in the expanding technology field, rational networks between these firms and other leading companies in the world have been established.
It has been shown in the dissertation that a social capital of the first form has perfect functions in transgressing a technological barrier and for establishing a developmental foundation; a social capital of the second form has a supportive function, which provides sustaining resources for an organization; and a social capital of the third form enforces the competitiveness of an organization, thus promoting the organization to the global stage, and becoming a core player of the industry in the world.
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我國廠商製程創新活動之整合性探討 / The process innnovation of firms in Taiwan黃怡芳, Yi-Fang Huang Unknown Date (has links)
處於競爭激烈、產品生命週期短暫和快速變動的時代裡,製程創新活動成為廠商競爭優勢的關鍵因素之一。Pisano(1995)研究指出廠商藉由製程創新活動來強化競爭優勢,包括:加速產品上市時間、加快爬坡速度、提高使用者接受性、強化專利產品地位等,其他學者也認為廠商應該重視製程創新活動,以因應未來的環境趨勢。國內製造業向來以製造能力見長於國際舞台,近年來半導體產業和資訊電子產業的表現更顯示廠商優異的製造實力。儘管如此,有關這方面的研究仍然非常少,因此本研究的目的是探討我國廠商製程創新活動之重要關鍵因素,期望能對這方面進行較為整體性的分析。
根據技術創新相關理論,本研究以技術網路、人員、組織和制度四構面探討半導體產業和主機板產業製程創新活動之重要因素和差異性,所得到的研究發現如下:
1. 製程創新活動可區分為四類型:獨立型、依賴型、主導型和協調型。獨立型廠商傾向於獨自開發新製程技術,依賴型廠商則傾向於透過技術網路提升製程技術水準;在對內和對外的製程創新活動上主導型廠商的整合能力較強,協調型廠商則較弱。
2. 不同製程創新類型有不同的製程知識來源。在來源方面,半導體產業(流程產業)顯示出較集中的現象,主機板產業(非流程產業)則顯得較分散。
3. 與設備供應商的互動關係為製程創新活動之重要影響因素,不同類型的廠商與設備供應商的互動關係不同。
4. 主機板廠商(非流程產業)藉由製程知識輸出來提高外包廠商的製程品質,製程創新程度越高的廠商與外包廠商的關係越密切。
5. 人員的技術和經驗為製程創新活動中重要的因素之一,半導體廠商(流程產業)特別強調研發人員的量產經驗。
6. 製程創新程度越高,廠商的製程技術單位之主導權越大。
7. 製程創新程度越高,廠商越傾向於設立製程技術協調單位。
目錄 / Abstract
In highly competitive, short product life cycle and quickly changing environment, process innovation is one of a firm’s key competitive advantages. Pisano & Wheelwright (1995) consider that firms which do their best in process innovation can enhance their competitive advantages, including shortening time to market, increasing ramp-up speed, enhancing users’ acceptance, increasing product’s patent status and so on. Hayes & Wheelwright (1984) point out the concept of manufacturing strategy, consider that firms should escalate the role of the manufacturing division to decision-making on top management level, and claim that competitive advantages which are based on manufacturing capabilities will direct the decision-making process of marketing and engineering in future. To catch up adaptability for the trend of the future environment, other scholars also suggest that firms should actively make efforts to execute process innovation activities.
Manufacturing firms in Taiwan display their manufacturing competence on international status, especially in IC industry and in information technology industry. Therefore, Taiwan is always named as “manufacture kingdom”. In the past, industrial firms’ process innovation is mainly thinking about employing cheaper labors and buying newer equipment. However, now they pay more attention to research and develop process technology, to enhance production process integration capabilities, to increase production flexibility and so on. For example, TSMC and UMC in Taiwan have more advanced process technology, which is about at the same technological level as IC industrial leading firms oversea. Their advanced process technology not only creates many benefits but also drives the development of other related industries. Their success shows us that process innovation will bring firms continuously high growing rate and take long-run competitive advantages.
By forgoing observation, this paper wishes to discover what makes Taiwan the manufacturing kingdom and how do firms increase process advantages and execute process innovation activities. So the purpose of this paper is to find out what influences a firm’s performance of process innovation and how foregoing factors affect new process innovation and existing process innovation. Utterback (1994) finds assembled product and non-assembled product have different characteristics in innovation activities. Skinner (1992) explores how stakeholders are within their cognizance about a firm’s process innovation, and finds that there are different focuses between process industry and non-process industry. Therefore, this paper will go further to study how foregoing factors influence process performance in process industry and in non-process industry.
According to some related technology innovation theories and innovation theories, this paper is conducted based on four key dimensions: technology network, people, structure and management. Then, this paper infers some important items of forgoing dimensions from past studies to build the research framework of the paper. These items in technology network dimension are equipment suppliers, material and component suppliers, satellite factories, group/strategic leaguer/consumer and research institutions. In people dimension, this paper mainly wants to explore how personnel’s skills and experience influence process performance. Structure dimension contains three items, which are organizational structure, task allocation and strategy. This paper lists important items in management dimension, including rewarding system, training & education, information system and coordination mechanism.
Because related studies in the past explore only a part of process innovation, this paper employs case study to examine process innovation more systematically and completely. To explore a firm’s process innovation of high-tech industry in Taiwan, this paper chooses four IC manufacturing firms (process industry) and four motherboard firms (non- process industry) as research samples, which have better performance than others in their industry. Moreover, this paper classifies these samples into four groups according to the industrial characteristics and the process innovation level. In the field of IC industry (process industry), Fab-T and Fab-U are famous for advanced process technology and continuous research on advanced process technology. So this paper explores the development of the new process technology in Fab-T and Fab-U, and the improvement of existing process technology in Fab-M and Fab-K. In the field of motherboard industry, MB-A is the only motherboard firm in Taiwan, which has process patents in Taiwan now. And MB-G actively executes process innovation recently, including package and product vibrating tests. So this paper properly classifies MB-A and MB-G as a group with higher process innovation level, and explores their advanced process innovation activities. Then MB-T and MB-E are classified as lower process innovation on lower level group, and this paper explores how they improve existing process innovation.
By a series of analysis about primary and secondary data of eight firms, the conclusions of this paper are:
1. There are four types in process innovation: Independent Firms, Dependent Firms, Directing Firms and Coordinating Firms. In IC industry, the Independent Firms almost develops new process innovation alone; the Dependent Firms tend to properly aided by members of technology network to enhance process innovation level. In motherboard industry, the Directing Firms have stronger relationship with menders of process innovation activities, which actively respond to the process technology unit, the Coordinating Firms have weaker relationship.
2. Different types in process innovation have different sources of process-related knowledge. The sources of IC Firms are more convergent, however the sources of motherboard firms are more divergent.
3. One of the key factors in process innovation is equipment suppliers, with which different types have different interaction.
4. Motherboard firms actively enhance the production quality of satellite factories through process knowledge output. Motherboard firms with higher process innovative level have more closely cooperating relation with their satellite factories.
5. The people is one of the key factors in process innovation. IC firms put more emphasis on the mass-production experience of engineers.
6. Whether it is in IC industry (process industry) or in motherboard industry (non-process industry), firms with higher process innovation level tend to give the process technology unit more power to integrate activities among different departments.
7. Whether it is in IC industry (process industry) or in motherboard industry (non-process industry), firms with higher process innovation level tend to set up the technology coordination unit.
Finally, this paper has some advises from forgoing conclusions, and wishes to efficiently enhance a firm’s performance and production yields. These advises are:
1. The Depending Firms should do their best to improve relations with members of technology network.
2. To efficiently use resources and to increase performance in short terms, the first thing of the Coordinating Firms should do is to enhance process capabilities, instead of building good cooperative relation with members of technologic network.
3. Firms should set up a special technology-coordinating unit, which can efficiently increase interaction among different departments.
4. Firms should give more power to the process technology unit, so that it can cooperate with other departments more efficiently.
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企業經營績效與產業景氣循環之關聯:以臺灣半導體產業為例王心瑩 Unknown Date (has links)
近二十年來,台灣經濟快速發展,隨著產業結構變遷,電子業已成為我國成長最快的產業之一,其中半導體產業成長快速,已成為全球半導體代工重鎮。政府、企業管理當局及投資者實有必要了解該產業景氣波動及企業內部營運特質對企業經營績效的影響。
本研究以台灣14家半導體業上市公司為樣本,研究期間為民國81年至民國87年,完整包含一個景氣循環。在研究中以迴歸方式對實證資料進行分析,以評估(1)產業景氣循環與企業經營績效的關係、(2)企業內部營運特質與其經營績效的關係。
實證結果顯示,在產業景氣循環方面,不論採用當期或前期平均薪資指數或是工業生產指數或是合併採用此二種景氣指標,產業景氣循環與企業的經營績效均呈顯著正向關係。
在企業內部營運特質方面,不論以資產報酬率或營業利益率做為企業經營績效的衡量指標,員工生產力及生產自動化程度與企業經營績效皆呈顯著正相關。銷貨成長率與企業經營績效亦呈正向的關係。本研究發現,我國半導體產業中,公司規模與經營績效呈反向關係,本研究結果顯示,半導體企業應注意最適規模才不會因為規模過大而處於經濟不規模的狀況而降低企業的競爭力。整體來看企業營運特質對企業經營績效是有顯著的影響。尤以銷貨成長率、員工生產力及生產自動化程度最為明顯。
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合作網路管理--以台灣半導體產業為例簡正祈, Jian, Zheng-Qi Unknown Date (has links)
我國在半導體產業上的競爭力與成績有目共睹,其形成競爭優勢的原因為何? 如果以廠商為罩住與外國企業比較,無法顯示我國半導體產業的優勢,必須以產業問整體合作網路才能真正看出我國半導體的競爭優勢所在。然而,這些半導體廠商之間是如何配合的,其管理作法為何? 這也正是本研究想要探討的主題。因此,發展出一個系統化的合作網路管理架構,便成為木研究之目的所在。
為達到上述研究目的,本研究以IC製造業為核心,探討IC製造廠與IC製造設備、晶圓材料、IC設計、IC封裝及IC測試等廠商之問的合作關係。是緊密的合作關係呢?還是純粹市場交易關係? 同時,了解並分析各廠商的合作網路管理作法為何?
首先,藉由深入訪談所得的初級資料及公開的次級資料,對半導體產業合作網路管理有所了解; 按著,再根據這些資料進行分析、推論,發展出一些對合作網路管理有所助益的結論與建議。結論與建議如以下所述。
以下四點結論說明了,組織內各職級人員,在不同的合作網路發展過程,面對不同的網路需求,應以何種方式、管道,來管理合作網路問的互動內容。
1.人脈網路與法律制度在不同的合作網路發展階段扮演的重要程度不同。
2.社會記憶力、社會制裁壓力與法律懲罰力量存在替代關係。
3.各職級人員在不同的合作網路發展階段扮演角色的重要程度不同。
4.合作網路的緊密程度對互動內容有很大的影響。
最後,依這次的研究經驗,提出下列三點合作網路管理建議
1.融合運用人脈網路與法律制度。
2.知識與個人人脈網路組織化。
3.上、下游廠商間人員流動有助於業務擴展。
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台灣半導體後段設備製造商關鍵成功因素之探討 / Study of the key success factor for semiconductor backend equipment industry in Taiwan王彤家, Wang, Tung Chia Unknown Date (has links)
台灣半導體產業發展蓬勃,在全球扮演重要角色,專業分工創造台灣IC產業特有優勢,以晶圓代工為首,後段封裝測試與IC 設計等次產業的全球排名都是數一數二。但位居半導體產業背後推手的台灣半導體設備產業,從產值來看,相較於半導體產業的風光,台灣半導體設備產業顯然有許多努力的空間。要如何帶動國內半導體設備產業發展,不僅關係到既有廠商的生存,也關係到國內半導體與精密機械產業未來的發展,應是產官學界所關心的課題。
本研究的範圍擬以臺灣半導體後段設備產業進行分析,以個案研究方式探討產業中個案公司之競爭優勢,透過五力模型理論分析架構及價值鏈分析來歸納出個案公司之關鍵成功因素。另一方面,藉由文獻的探討,找出相關產業的關鍵成功因素,並與個案公司的關鍵成功因素做彙整分析,以探究出台灣半導體後段設備商關鍵成功之因素。
本研究的結論所得到的半導體後段設備關鍵成功因素為:
(a) 經營領域的選擇: 選定利基市場。
(b) 創新研發能力: 掌握關鍵技術。
(c) 顧客需求的掌握: 設計出能解決顧客真正問題的設備。
(d) 強調品質的穩定性: 生產出能24小時運轉無誤的設備。
(e) 降低營運風險: 具因應景氣循環的能力,以確保企業永續經營。
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