歐盟於2003年2月公佈的「電子電機設備限用有害物質」（RoHS）指令規定，2006年7月以後銷售至歐盟市場的電子與電機產品限用鉛、鎘、汞、六價鉻、多溴聯苯與多溴二苯醚等對環境有害的物質。RoHS指令對以製造為主的台灣廠商造成重大影響，為確保廠商所生產的產品符合環境法令的規定，有必要導入綠色供應鏈管理。因此，引發本研究對此一議題的興趣，進而探討：電子業供應商基於中心廠的要求而配合導入綠色供應鏈管理的情境下，從供應商的角度探討，影響其導入綠色供應鏈管理時配合度之因素為何？ 本研究採取質的研究中的紮根理論法，以深度訪談方式，訪問以S公司為中心的供應鏈體系中的四家供應商，在取得受訪者同意後進行錄音，訪談結束後再謄寫成逐字稿。在整理與分析逐字稿，並經過開放、主軸編碼等過程，逐步地建構出一個從供應商角度，探討影響其導入綠色供應鏈管理時配合度的因素模式。 本研究從個案訪談中發現，供應商在面對法規壓力、同儕壓力、與客戶壓力之下，會經過成本效益、認知風險與認知價值之考量後，決定是否配合中心廠導入綠色供應鏈管理。一旦決定導入綠色供應鏈管理後，供應商須配合中心廠的諸多要求，而供應商是否達成中心廠之要求，則以供應商配合度來衡量，包括供應商傳遞資訊給中心廠時的資訊交換的及時性、資訊正確性、以及資訊完整性。 研究結果顯示，影響供應商配合度的因素有三類，第一類為供應商的技術與能力，此包括供應商的技術創新能力、供應商的資訊管理能力、及供應商與中心廠的專業輔導能力；第二類為聯絡人的特質，中心廠的聯絡人是否具備同理心、供應商與中心廠的聯絡人是否具備專業能力，此皆影響供應商的配合度；第三類則為中心廠與供應商之間的溝通情況，此包括：溝通策略、溝通管道、溝通頻率、溝通內容等。 與本研究相關的文獻進行比較後，發現本研究之成果與現有人際溝通的理論文獻相呼應，部分文獻指出溝通時個人特質會影響其溝通行為，在綠色供應鏈管理的情境下，本研究亦發現中心廠與供應商雙方聯絡人的特質會影響其溝通行為。此外，本研究亦擴充了溝通理論，例如：雙方聯絡人的溝通頻繁未必會提高供應商配合度。另外，本研究所提出的配合度概念，未見於其他文獻，此一概念可用於衡量供應商在配合導入綠色供應鏈管理時，其執行面的成效，在未來的研究中值得深入探討。本研究不僅對理論上有所貢獻，更對廠商提出實務上的建議。 / The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), which restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacturing of various types of electronic and electrical equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union and then took effect on July 1, 2006. The directive makes a significant impact on Taiwanese electronic industry which specializes in manufacturing of computer, communication, and consumer electronics products. The firms in the electronic industry should implement green supply chain management (GSCM) to avoid contraventions of RoHS. Based on the research context described above, this purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence suppliers’ compliance with their manufacturer’s requirements while they were required to implemente GSCM. In addition, the factors explored in this study were proposed by the suppliers’ perspective. In this study, Grounded Theory was applied to develop a model explaning the factors that influencd suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement. Besides, to collect the data needed, data triangulation was applied in this study, including in-depth interviewswith suppliers’ and the collection of secondary data. The interviewees were the employees of the four suppliers of S company. According to the data collection and analysis steps of Grounded Theory, the model that proposes the factors affecting suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement was developed. The results showed that confronted with the pressures of environmental regulations, peer companies, and the customers, suppliers decided to implement GSCM after having taken the cost-benefit analysis, perceived value and perceived risk into consideration. While suppliers decided to implement GSCM, they had to meet the requirements from their manufacturer. Whether suppliers met the requirement from their manufacture was measured by the indicator, suppliers’ compliance, which referred to the ability that suppliers timely exchanged the right and complete information with their manufacturer. Thus suppliers’ compliance was composed of three dimensions, such as including information timeliness, information accuracy, and information integrity. According to the data collected, three categories of factors influencing suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement were discovered. The first kind of factors was suppliers’ capability, including suppliers’ capability of technology innovation, suplliers’ capability of information management and guidance between supply chain members. The second category was the characteristics of boundary spanners, including boundary spanners’ empathetic mind and their professionalism. The findings were also compared with the previous research on interpersonal communication. Similar to the results mentioned in the existing literature, the phenomenon that a person’s characteristics did impact his communication behaviors in the context of implementing GSCM was also discovered. The study makes a contribution to the research on proposing the concept of suppliers’ compliance.s. In addition, the finding points out that the communication frequency between supply chain members is not positively related to suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement. The findings are also helpful for manufacturing firms that usually dominate the implementation of innovations in their supply chain members.

由於環境保護議題的興起，以歐盟為首，各國對電子相關產品相繼遞出各種法規限制，企業為了因應綠色潮流與各國法規之要求，與供應商體系的緊密配合更顯重要，在此情境之下，企業如何選擇供應商管理的方法，與供應商共同面對綠色趨勢與漸趨嚴苛的法規規定，並且同時避免在交易過程中所衍生出的各種阻礙廠商之間交易效率的成本是本研究之研究重點。 本研究從綠色供應鏈管理的角度出發，以台灣電子製造業為研究對象，了解企業對關鍵零組件供應商的依賴程度、企業本身投入綠色活動的積極度，兩者對供應商管理方法的選擇、以及企業與供應商交易的過程中所衍生的各種交換成本，即外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本與專屬資產陷入成本之影響，並進一步找出對這四個交換成本有顯著影響的供應商管理方法為何。 本研究採用問卷調查的方式，以1263家的台灣電子業上市公司作為抽樣對象，於回收的173份有效樣本之統計分析結果顯示：企業對關鍵零組件供應商的依賴程度、以及企業本身投入綠色活動的積極度，兩者會造成企業在選擇供應商管理方法上有所不同，因而對交換成本有不同程度之影響。當企業投入綠色活動的意願愈高，愈會選擇多種的供應商管理方法來加強對供應商的控制，藉以確保供應商提供的商品能符合企業的需求，而這類型的企業在與供應商交易的過程中，總體的交換成本是相對較低的；相反地，當企業較不積極地投入綠色相關的活動時，也會較不投入於供應商管理，總體的交換成本較高，特別是在企業對供應商的依賴程度愈低時，整體的交換成本愈高。而在供應商管理方法中，最能有效降低交換成本的方法為「關係品質」，即企業與供應商之間擁有共同的目標、將品質列為優先考量、彼此之間存在信任、並且了解雙方的需求。

在今日，實施綠色供應鏈管理不僅是遵守法規規範，更積極的是實施綠色供應鏈管理可為企業帶來更多競爭優勢，因此綠色供應鏈管理對企業而言越來越是值得探討與重視的議題。 目前綠色供應鏈管理平台的建立普遍是依賴政府或是第三方機構建立資料交換的機制，或是串接供應鏈上各個企業不同的企業系統達到資料交換的目的，然而這樣的做法有其風險。因為物料資料對企業來說是敏感且有價值的，企業須對提供儲存、資料交換服務的平台有高度信任度，且整個系統亦有中央集權式系統架構之缺陷。運用區塊鏈技術的特性可以解決這樣的問題，區塊鏈技術提供資料永久保存、不可篡改的分散式系統解決方案。本研究更近一步將區塊鏈技術結合加解密機制，讓資料僅有提供者本身以及其同意之查詢者能讀取，如此一來使得區塊鏈系統更具資料隱私之特性，並透過區塊鏈外部儲存系統的設計使儲存空間更易規模化，使得綠色供應鏈中大量、有價值物料資料之儲存、交換且須高度信賴物料資料不被篡改以及綠色認證不被篡改、偽造的這些議題能被解決。 / Nowadays, the implementation of green supply chain management system can bring more competitive advantages for enterprises. This issue is increasingly worthy of discussion. Until now, the establishment of green supply chain management platform generally depends on the government or third parties building the mechanism of exchanging the information, and connecting the various enterprises of different enterprises on supply chain to achieve the purpose of data exchange. However, the approach has risks. The features of blockchain technology can provide permanent preservation and tamper-proof system through the decentralized system solutions. Moreover, this study combines with data-privacy design and off-blockchain storage design to solve the problems of storaging and exchanging the valuable data and ensure material information and green certifications are tamper-proof.

在全球化的經濟蓬勃發展下，環保事件層出不窮，地球環境遭受重大破壞，各種環保議題引起國際矚目與熱烈討論。歐洲議會在2003年初公布了針對十項電機電子設備的兩個環保相關規範，分別是歐盟電機電子設備有害物質限制使用指令(RoHS)與歐盟電機電子設備廢棄物指令（WEEE），另外，歐盟能源使用產品生態化設計指令（EuP）也已在2005年8月11日公布，這些指令對相關產業的營運與發展將造成重大衝擊，其影響深遠供應鏈上下游成員無一倖免。 產業界為因應此一環保規範限制，將環境因素納入到傳統供應鏈管理當中，而形成了所謂「綠色供應鏈管理」的熱門議題。其主要差異乃是後者將生命週期思維融入產品設計、製造、使用與最終的廢棄回收處理的整個範疇。 本研究嘗試由資訊製造業的個案公司實際發展綠色供應鏈的過程中，以個案分析的方式收集其產品發展流程的各種資料，包括綠色設計、綠色採購、綠色供應商評鑑與稽核、綠色資訊平台建置等，並予以整理分析，建立個案公司的綠色供應鏈管理策略架構與協同運作模式。 本研究結果顯示綠色供應鏈管理策略的核心是「源頭管理」，源頭管理落實之後，加上其所衍生出來的綠色供應商評鑑與稽核、綠色產品管理系統、綠色資訊整合等各項活動，始能達到符合環保規範的目標，做到完整的風險控管，讓企業穩健發展。同時，本研究也顯示，建立協同設計機制及PDM資訊平台可以有效分析處理供應鏈上下成員間流通的資料，譬如，原物料、零組件等源頭綠色資料被有效地整合於綠色資訊平台，企業因應環保法規落實到資訊管理裡，營運風險因而獲得保障。 / Accompanying the vigorous economic development, the environment of the earth has been impacted tremendously. There are so many environmental issues that occurred in past decades turning into hot topics among nations. European Parliament published RoHS, and WEEE Directives in early 2003 that mandate ten categories of electric and electronic equipments to be restricted in the use of hazardous substances and wastes disposal respectively. Also, the setting of ecodesign requirement for Energy-Using Products newly announced in August of 2005. All the three mandatory EU Directives has definitely influenced significantly the foregoing development of the related industries. To react to the environmental regulations, the industries try to put environmental element into conventional Supply Chain Management, SCM. Thus, come out with Green SCM. The key differences are the latter mingling life cycle thought through out the whole scope of product life span. This research attempt to establish a collaborative structure and strategy for Green Supply Chain Management, by means of analyzing the information collected from the real developing process, including green design, green procurement, green suppliers’ appraisal, building up green information platform, of an information manufacturing firm. The research revealed that the core strategy of Green SCM is “Source Management”. Only if source management has fully implemented at the site of raw materials and component manufacturers, the environmental regulations can compliant thoroughly. Thus, the risk management is well controlled, so that the firm would operate soundly. Meanwhile, the research also showed that building up collaborative mechanism to link with PDM platform may process effectively the flowing data between the parties of supply chain. As a result, the restricted hazardous substances data of raw material and components are integrated into the green information platform and well managed. The operation risk of enterprise would be secured because of the entire implementation of information management for the environment regulations.