隨著環境保護以及永續發展意識的提高，使得綠色生產力議題漸漸受到重視，歐洲更是對綠色產品制定嚴格的法規，包括「廢電子電機設備指令 (Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment; WEEE) 」及「電子電機設備中危害物質限用指令 (Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substance in electrical and electronic equipment; RoHS)」。對此，環境議題在供應鏈管理中造成很大的影響，綠色供應鏈管理 (Green Supply Chain Management) 也因此順應而生。 為尋求健全的綠色供應鏈，必須在現有的供應商管理機制上，加上永續發展的考量，也就是推動綠色供應商管理（賴義方，民92）。其範圍包括：夥伴及聯盟關係、追蹤與管制、技術合作、產品品質、定價及協商、資訊共享、環境績效評估以及綠色供應商評選，其中綠色供應商評選和其他議題息息相關，在綠色供應鏈中扮演舉足輕重的角色（施勵行、林琨翔，民92）。 在評選合適的綠色供應商之前，買方必須提出屬於自己產業需要的評選指標（李志隆，2004）。過去關於供應商評選指標的研究都只針對傳統的成本、品質與交期等因素進行討論，可是環境的風險可能經由供應商而來，除了考慮傳統的因素外，更應該考慮決策對環境帶來的衝擊 (Handfield et al., 2005)。因此有必要建立完整的綠色供應商評選指標。並且過去文獻多認為層級分析法 (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 最適合做為供應商評選之方法，但是層級分析法視各評選指標之間為獨立關係，然而，供應商評選指標之間應是具有相互影響與回饋關係，因此供應商評選的方法有必要進行修正，改採「分析網路程序法 (Analytic Network Process, ANP)」。在分析網路程序法中，有一關鍵步驟為建立指標之網路結構，當網路結構不一樣時，所得結果也有所不同，所以網路結構的正確性就變得相當重要，對此，將使用詮釋結構模式 (Interpretive Structure Model, ISM) 以有系統的方式建立評選指標之間的關係，進而提高網路結構的正確性，因此本研究將結合詮釋結構模式與分析網路程序法來建立綠色供應商評選模式。 / Before evaluating and selecting green suppliers, buyers must offer evaluation criteria according to the requirements of their industries. In the past, the researches about supplier evaluation criteria mostly focused on the traditional issues of cost, quality and delivery. However, the environmental risk can be caused by suppliers. Besides considering about the traditional issues, the buyers should even pay attention to the impact to environment by their policies, hence it is necessary to build completed green supplier evaluation criteria. According to the literature, Analytic Hierarchy Process was the best method for supplier evaluation. Analytic Hierarchy Process is defined that each evaluation criterion is independent. However, supplier evaluation criteria should be interdependence and feedback. Therefore, the evaluating and selecting methods are needed to be revised into Analytic Network Process. In Analytic Network Process, there is a crucial step that is to create a network of criteria. Because different network leads to different result, the correctness of the network is very important. For this issue, Interpretive Structure Model will be used to build up a relation between evaluation criteria in a systematic way to increase the correctness. In this research, Interpretive Structure Model and Analytic Network Process will be combined to create a green supplier evaluation model. Keyword : green supplier、Interpretive Structure Model、Analytic Network Process

本研究旨在建構國民中學校長資料導向決策指標，做為國民中學校長進行資料導向決策之參考依據，以提升學校行政效率及教學效能，並根據研究結論，提出建議供有關單位參考。為達上述研究目的，本研究採用模糊德懷術及分析網路程序法，以具備資料導向決策理念與實務的專家學者及國民中學校長為研究對象，共寄發問卷14份，回收有效問卷14份，有效回收率為100％。本研究採用統計軟體Super Decision 2.0.8 beta進行分析，獲得以下結論： 一、國民中學校長資料導向決策指標體系由「學校願景領導」、「學校教學領導」、「學校組織運作與道德觀點領導」、「合作夥伴關係與區域政治領導」4個向度和20個決策指標構成。 二、國民中學校長資料導向決策向度以學校願景領導最重要，其次為學校教學領導、學校組織運作與道德領導、合作夥伴關係與區域政治領導。 三、各向度下最重要指標分別為：「1-1我能運用資料發展學校的學習願景，以促進所有學生學習的成功。」、「2-1我能運用資料界定並確認學生學習上所面對的問題。」、「3-1我能運用資料配置人力資源，以提升學生的學習成就。」、「4-1我能運用資料發展有效的溝通計畫。」。 四、國民中學校長資料導向決策指標體系最重要指標中，以「學校願景領導」最為重視，其次為「學校教學領導」。 最後依據上述研究結論，提出具體建議，以做為教育行政機關、國民中學校長參考運用。

供應商績效評估一直都是供應鏈管理重要的課題，企業中的採購部門必須定期的評估供應商的績效，以期望供應商能達到企業的需求。在進行供應商評估時，必須同時考慮多個指標及決定指標的權重，由於指標間具有相依及回饋的情形，因此權重的決定也較為複雜，此外，由於績效指標有互相影響的情形，指標間的關連度也是評估供應商時必須考慮的問題。本研究提出一個新的供應商績效評估方法，結合分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process, ANP)及決策實驗室法(Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, DEMATEL)建構評估模式，以達到正確的評估供應商績效，及可回溯績效表現找出關鍵改善原因之目的。 在進行供應商績效評估時，利用分析網路程序法求出各指標的權重，量化指標並求得供應商的總分；另外利用決策實驗室法得知各指標的因果關係及關連度大小，當檢視供應商績效時，可從權重大或關連度大但表現差的指標回溯，以提供供應商改善的方向。最後以模擬的方式進行驗證，結果顯示本研究對指標之排序符合模擬之結果，因此可供企業參考使用。 / Supplier performance evaluation for some time now has been receiving increasing importance as a supply chain management component. Purchasing managers need to periodically evaluate supplier performance in order to retain those suppliers who meet their requirements. Buyers usually consider multi-criteria and must determine the relative weights of the criteria when evaluating suppliers. Because of these performance criteria usually exist interdependence and feedback, the weights of the criteria are hard to obtain. In addition, performance criteria usually affect each other, so the direct and indirect effects are also a crucial problem when evaluating suppliers. This paper proposes a model which combines the methods of the analytic network process (ANP) and the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to evaluate supplier performance accurately and can find out which criterion is the key factor to improve performance. When evaluating a supplier, ANP are used to determine the weights of performance criteria and can get the total performance of the supplier. DEMATEL are used to compute the effects between criteria. The model can propose the criterion which is the most important or affects other criteria the most, so buyers will know which criterion can improve the performance the most and can ask suppliers to modify it. Finally, a simulation is employed to verify our model. The result through the simulation is complied with our model, so it can provide the information for making decision concerning suppliers performance.

近年來，投資理財的重要性與日俱增；但是，一般投資大眾往往無法掌握市場運作產生的資料、資訊；一方面是因為市場上流動的資訊過多，投資大眾很難有效篩選有幫助的資訊。另一方面則是因為投資人無法了解資料的涵義；因此，聽從某些專家的意見進行投資，可能是沒有時間與信心自行研究的一般投資大眾最終選擇。但是這些市場上所謂的專家們數量眾多，提出的意見可信度究竟有多少；一般投資大眾應該採信那些專家的意見，以降低投資的風險與獲利。本研究將結合內容分析法(Content analysis)與分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process)，以專家提出的意見可信度來評估專家們的價值。預期提供投資人一個參考的依據，選擇價值較高的專家提出之意見進行研究，相信比起直接取用所有的專家意見進行分析，風險與成本會更為降低。 / Recent years, there is more and more importance in investing and managing finances. Because too many information and the investors do not understand what these data really mean, the investors do not have ability to help themselves investing and earning profit. For the investors without time or confidence, it may be the final choice that according to some opinions comes from some professors to invest. However, there are so many professors, which one’s opinion is more reliably and believable? As a general investor, will apply which opinions help us reduce risk and make profit? In this research we combine content analysis and analytic network process to evaluate the professors in the financial market by how much believable in their opinions. We expect that this will support the investor a reference materials. Comparing with analyzing all opinions in the market directly, the risk and cost will be lower if applying the opinions comes from some valuable professors.

台灣早期曾有「製鞋王國」之美譽，從1970年代中期開始直到1980年代晚期，此段時間可說是台灣製鞋產業的巔峰時期，當時全世界每四雙鞋中便有一雙來自台灣。然而隨著外在環境的改變，像是新台幣兌美元的大幅升值和中國大陸、東南亞國家如：越南、印尼等挾帶著低廉的勞動成本與土地租金等優勢，吸引了許多台商前往當地設廠發展，為此選擇繼續留在台灣的製鞋廠也就越來越少。但儘管如此，那些留在台灣的製鞋業者不論在產品設計、開發和製造上面皆累積了相當程度的實力，透過這些企業和政府的努力下，MIT(Made in Taiwan)的標誌也漸漸打響其市場知名度。 本研究透過個案研究的方式，針對台灣鞋品零售業市場中具有指標性的企業進行訪談與實地觀察，了解其是如何評估與挑選這些留在台灣的鞋品製造商，與其背後的執行方式。同時也參考過往和供應商選擇與評估相關之文獻，結合分析網路程序法，建立起該個案公司評估與挑選供應商的模型架構，進而提出挑選供應商的六大評估準則：「品質」、「交期」、「價格」、「生產技術」、「契約條款」、「未來發展」和十八項次準則。再以問卷方式來了解準則與次準則之間的相對權重為何，並計算出對個案公司而言這些評估供應商的因子之重要順序為何。研究結果顯示：在瞬息萬變的市場上，對於親臨第一線的鞋品零售業者而言，品質仍為其主要考量的因素，但若是當各供應商的品質皆到達一定水準時，供應商能否準時出貨將成為公司的另一個關鍵評估因子。 本研究期望透過研究鞋品零售市場中的標竿企業，進而帶出具有參考價值的評估因子，使其成為個案公司未來在挑選台灣鞋品製造商時之重要參考，並進一步帶動台灣製鞋業者在這些項目上的突破與提升，強化MIT品牌在世界上的競爭力。

本研究旨在參照美國跨州學校領導標準證照聯合會（ISLLC）所提出的「ISLLC學校領導者標準」為例，藉以建構出國民中小學校長領導能力指標權重體系。研究方法運用分析網路程序法（ANP），研究工具則採用編修之「國民中小學校長領導能力指標權重體系調查問卷」，並以校長學、校長培育、學校行政等領域之13位學者專家為研究對象，對國民中小學校長領導能力指標之內容進行重要性評比。 本研究依據研究結果，得到以下二項研究結論： 一、學校文化與教學方案為最重要之校長領導能力向度 二、提升教師專業能力為最重要之校長領導能力指標 而依據研究結論，本研究提出以下建議，以作為教育行政機關、校長培育機構等之參考。 一、對教育行政機關之建議 （一）儘速研擬設立校長培育標準及專責單位 （二）校長領導能力指標可作為校長評鑑與校長證照制度之基礎 二、對校長培育機構之建議 （一）校長培育課程中其校長領導能力的規劃，以「學校文化的建立」與「教師能力的提升」作為初階能力的養成 （二）「提升教師專業能力」、「合作發展與共享」、「發展績效評估系統」作為校長培育課程的首要目標 此外，本研究亦針對後續研究者在研究對象、研究方法及研究範圍等三方面，提出相關建議。 關鍵字：校長領導能力、校長培育課程、分析網路程序法 / The purpose of this study is to construct a weight system of principal’s leadership competence indicators for the elementary and junior high school, and this study refer to “Interstate school leaders licensure consortium: Standards for school leaders” as an example. The main method of this study is Analytic Network Process (ANP). The research instrument of this study is a modified questionnaire which is used to survey the elementary and junior high principal’s leadership competence. 13 scholar experts most in principalship, principal preparation and school administration are taken as the research object to estimate the importance of indicator for the elementary and junior high school principal’s leadership competence. According to the research results, two conclusions are as follows: 1. School culture and instructional program is the most important dimension of school principals' leadership competence. 2. Enhancement of the professional competence of teachers is the most important indicator of school principals' leadership competence. This study provides the following suggestions from the conclusions to the educational administrations and the organizations of principal preparation for reference: 1. For education administration authority (1) Plan to establish the standards of principal preparation and set up an unit in charge of them. (2) The indicator of school principals' leadership competence can be a basis of principal evaluation and principals’ licensure. 2. For the institutes of principal preparation (1) Planning of principals' leadership capacity in the principal preparation courses as entry-level capacities are “The establishment of school culture” and “The enhancement of the professional competence of teachers”. (2) The principal of the primary objective of the course are “The enhancement of the professional competence of teachers”, “The cooperation and development and sharing”, and “The development of performance evaluation system”. In addition, this study also provides future researchers in three areas of the object of study, research methods and scope of the study to make recommendations. Keywords: principal leadership capacity, principal preparation program, analytic network process

台灣圖書出版業者為了增加競爭優勢、降低成本，將物流業務利用外包處理的方式已經相當普遍。為實現使用第三方物流業者之物流服務所帶來之效益，選擇適當的第三方物流公司作為合作夥伴是成功的關鍵之ㄧ，因此如何評選第三方物流公司，就顯得格外重要。 有鑒於圖書出版業者以往易根據供應商的印象或交情，抑或僅憑自己主觀的認定評選物流供應商，比較缺乏系統性的評選；又考量的因素往往難以完全獨立，為解決此一問題，本研究提供一第三方物流供應商評選方法，其包括： 1. 篩選第三方物流供應商評選指標；以及 2. 利用分析網路程序法（ANP）確立評選指標之相對權重。 在參考過去相關研究，並透過專家訪談，歸納出適用於圖書出版業對於第三方物流業者之評選指標，其分為服務品質、履約能力、服務品質、價格條件、資訊管理能力、經營績效五大構面以及17個評選指標；並利用ANP將評選指標之間的相依回饋關係納入考量，找出各指標的權重，以作為企業評選第三方物流業者之評選參考。 之後，本研究以使用第三方物流之圖書出版業者為實例進行說明。研究中發現，圖書出版業者間在評選第三方物流供應商時，所重視的指標會有所不同，業者會根據過去與物流供應商實際合作情況，回饋於選擇第三方物流供應商的系統中，修正評選指標，調整權重認定，以找到適合的物流供應商。以個案公司來說，於第三方物流供應商評選時，對於訂單履行準確性及準時將貨物送達顧客是最重要的考量因素，其反映個案公司過去與第三方物流供應商合作之經驗。 最後，本研究所提供之方法亦可提供決策者充分的資訊與系統化的思考，有利企業做為最終決策的參考。 / As book publishing firms are looking to increase competitiveness, strengthen core competencies and lower overall costs, outsourcing logistics to third party logistics (3PL) service providers have become common practice. To ensure the success and to maximize the benefits of such practice, the selection of the 3PL becomes particularly crucial. This study provides a comprehensive methodology to the selection of a 3PL provider, consisting of two parts: 1. Screening criteria to employ during the selection of a provider；and 2. Determining the relative importance of each screening criterion by the analytic network process (ANP) approach. A total of seventeen criteria have been identified by experts in the book publishing industry with respect to service quality, capabilities, price, information technology management and operational performance of the 3PL providers. As interdependencies exist between each criterion and cannot be captured by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to solve such types of problems, this study utilizes ANP to determine the relative weighting in the selection of a 3PL provider. Thereafter, the application of ANP for the selection of a 3PL provider is demonstrated through an illustrative example. The result of the example provided indicates that the criteria of shipment error rates and on-time shipment and deliveries are the most important, and this reflects the influence of the experiences from past cooperation between the case company and 3PL providers. This approach also enables the decision-makers to better understand the complex relationship between the relevant attributes during the decision-making process, which may subsequently improve the outcome of the decision.

在傳統銀行放款的觀念中認為，借款人主導了還款的來源，關於貸款風險的研究大多集中在借款人行為因素的探討，但是房屋貸款的風險，除了借款人本身的特質外，應該還需要不同角度的探討，尤其是在擔保品方面。銀行在辦理放款時，對擔保品價值的評估僅以當時的市場價值作直接的判斷，並依判斷結果來決定貸款的成數，這樣的決策並未考慮擔保品本身所處的區域條件及其未來的發展性，因而產生了風險判斷的偏誤。 本研究將透過不動產的供需價量的關係，嘗試找出影響房屋貸款擔保品風險的因子，並對房屋貸款的風險因子給予適當的權重及評分，再運用劃分等級的模型，將研究區域依房屋貸款風險的大小劃分風險等級。最後利用不同的角度或方法檢驗各種模型對區域風險分類之異同及功能，以建立模型提供銀行於承做房屋貸款或制定放款政策時，作為決定貸款成數(LTV)的參考依據，避免銀行貸款日後遭受擔保品價格下跌所產生的風險。 本研究以分析層級程序法(AHP)及分析網路程序法(ANP)設計不同的問卷，在取得各風險因子的權重後，對各項風險因子時間序列的數據進行分析，最終取得台北縣市各區域的風險等級。實證結果AHP及ANP皆通過一致性分析，AHP與未權重化ANP間不具顯著差異；權重化ANP與極限化ANP間不具顯著差異。AHP權重與ANP未權重化矩陣兩種模型在區域房屋貸款風險等級的區分標準上較為寬鬆。ANP權重化矩陣及ANP極限化矩陣對區域房屋貸款風險等級的劃分較為嚴格。這兩類不同等級劃分標準的模型提供金融業者在制定房屋貸款政策時可以有多樣的選擇。 / People with traditional concept of bank lending believe that borrowers dominate the sources of repayment. Researches regarding to the credit risk of loan mainly focus on the behaviors of borrowers. Nevertheless, the risk of mortgage loan should be deliberated with different points of view, especially the collateral, besides considering the characteristics of borrowers. During the process of loan, banks evaluate the collateral with directly determine according to the prevailing market value and decide the proportion of loan. The decision is not considered with the regional factors and the future development of the collateral. A bias of risk determination therefore exists during the process. The research tries to find the factors that influence the collateral risk of mortgage loan through supply, demand, price and quantity of real estate. Also, it allocates the weight and evaluation of every risk factor of mortgage loan. The research then distinguishes the investigated areas into different risk levels according to the mortgage loan risk by applying appropriate model. The research stands at various points of view and utilizes different methods to determine whether the classification of area risk is appropriate or not and offering a banks model to be the reference basis of determining the loan to value(LTV) when executing mortgage loan or drawing up loan policy. Banks can avoid the risk of collateral depreciation in the future. The research designed various questionnaires with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). After obtained the weights of different risk factors, an analysis was processed on time sequence data of every risk factor and results the risk level of every subarea of Taipei. The empirical results in consistency analysis by AHP and ANP are passed. The difference between AHP and un-weighted ANP is not significant. The difference between weighted ANP and limited ANP is also not significant. Both weighted AHP and un-weighted ANP matrix models are lenient on the classify criteria of area mortgage risk levels. In opposition, weighted ANP matrix models and ANP limited matrix are strict on the same criteria. The two models with different criteria offer financial corporations different choices when drawing up policies of mortgage loan