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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

當代佛教臨終關懷的理念與實踐:以法鼓山台北文山區助念組為例

李明傑 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著時代的變遷,死亡的課題逐漸受到重視,如何善終是廣受討論的課題。以佛教的觀點來說,人體是由地、水、火、風等四大組成,當壽命即將結束時,四大會逐漸分離。除了四大分解所產生的痛苦之外,人可能也會有彌留的現象,或是對世間迷戀而抗拒即將死亡的事實。此時需要以佛法及助念安住臨終者或亡者的心,使其保持正念。 聖嚴法師最常提到的一句話是「佛法這麼好,知道的人這麼少,誤解的人這麼多。」因社會大眾對於佛法有諸多誤解,因而建立法鼓山,期望將佛法推廣至社會上每個角落。法鼓山體系有許多護法單位,助念團亦為其中之一,所負責的是人生的最後階段。法鼓山是為一個教育團體,所做的事皆有教育及關懷的功能,大事關懷以關懷完成教育的功能,以教育達成關懷的任務。 法鼓山成立助念團後,台灣各地區亦紛紛成立助念組,本論文針對台北文山地區的助念組組織及運作進行探究。加入助念組的成員多有過親人往生的經歷,在受過大事關懷的課程培訓後及實際參與助念及佛化奠祭後,對於人的生死觀念有了轉變。受到傳統社會的影響,許多人對於生死大事鮮少談論,透過大事關懷的培訓,學員了解到這不再是個禁忌,了解親人想法與及早準備方可避免遺憾。相較於民間傳統喪葬儀式,佛化奠祭強調往生者進入另一期生命的起點,因此在會場裡是肅穆、莊嚴、隆重的佛事而不是喪事。
2

佛教志工生命觀、關係圓融之研究---以助念志工為例 / The search of the perspective of life and smooth interaction in Buddhist volunteers---The case of volunteers of End-of-Life chanting

林妙霙, Lin, Miao Ying Unknown Date (has links)
我們的生活中免不了會有身邊親友去世的經驗,甚至每日的報章媒體也都隨處看得到有人因天災、意外、疾病等原因而死亡的消息,故說死亡的陰影是如影隨形跟著每一個人,既然每人或早或晚都得面對死亡這一關,那麼對這個人生的重大課題,值得認真去面對它、瞭解它。 而本研究採取深度訪談法,主要以正德社會福利慈善基金會的「西方蓮社」臺北分社助念志工為主,以助念經驗逾兩年以上者挑選五位作訪談之研究;另外訪問兩位承天禪寺蓮池共修會助念志工,至於其他四位受訪者各隸屬於法鼓山、諾那精舍、靈巖山念佛會、圓山念佛會,合計本文之訪談助念志工共有十一位。而本文所謂的助念,係指對臨終者的開導佛理與幫助亡者提起正念,專心念「阿彌陀佛」佛號,祈求集合眾人專心念佛的力量,幫助亡者蒙佛接引,往生西方極樂世界。 研究結果發現如下:一.助念瑞相,不可思議;二.寂滅為樂,不再輪迴;三.深信切願,念佛要深;四.風不止而樹茁壯,親不待而勤助念;五.肉體幻滅,神識仍在;六.莫存僥倖,平日勤修;七.助念志工,不與人爭;八.提起正念,安定亡靈。 關於助念志工的生命觀,為藉假修真、修行往生,生死何重、死為重矣,深信切願、必能往生。其關係圓融之研究,則分為志工團體合作默契、家人關係的圓融、鄰居關係的圓融、工作單位的關係圓融、人生觀之關係圓融等研究向度,總歸其看法為「人生如過客,有何好計較」、「修行要緊,不與人爭」、「別人都對,抱歉我錯」、「面對現實,明辨真假」、「富貴在天,不怕吃虧」。 本文並依據研究發現,對助念志工的建議為:至誠懇切、念佛要深;參透生死、自度度人;發心在剎那、恆持到永遠。對死者與家屬的建議為:生前要預立遺囑,交待後事。對社會大眾的建議為:每一個家庭最少有一兩位成員要懂得助念。對醫療體系的建議為:培訓更多志工、義工來從事臨終關懷的工作。對佛教道場的建議為:加強宣導助念的方法與功效,讓「助念」普及化。對政府機構的建議為:培訓更多宗教師等專業人士。對葬儀社的建議為:避免打斷助念流程,協助讓助念工作圓滿、助亡者往西。 關鍵詞: 助念、助念志工、生命觀、關係圓融 / We cannot avoid encountering and experiencing the death of loved ones around us in our lives. Even through media or newspaper, we read about people dying of sickness, accidents, and natural disasters, just to name a few. We can say that everyone is coupled with death. Since facing death is something one must deal with sooner or later, we can say it is one of the most important studies in our lives. It is worthy for us to think about it and understand it seriously. This study applies the in-depth interview of qualitative research. There are eleven volunteers of End-of-Life Chanting as the research population in this study, including interviewing the main study group, five volunteers from Cheng Te Western Lotus Society, Taipei Chapter, who have more than two years of End-of-Life Chanting experience, the other volunteers from different five groups. In this study, End-of-Life Chanting refers to the process of the Buddhist Chanting Assistance, including both the counseling and the last rite ceremonies, and by uniting the full will power of the End-of-Life Chanting group, chanting Amitabha’s name to help the deceased be escorted by the Buddha to reside in Western Pureland. This study concludes the following: 1. The corpse has a peaceful appearance, which is simply amazing 2. At peace with being dead, not returning back to the life of being human 3. Recite sutra sincerely and believe deeply 4. Worship the deceased parents by reciting sutra and End-of-Life Chanting 5. The spirit of the dead is still alive although the flesh no longer exists 6. Recite sutra diligently and regularly 7. Don’t argue or compete with others 8. Calm the soul of the dead The life philosophy of End-of-Life Chanting volunteers include weighing in the importance of life and death in order to know to take death seriously, reciting sutra sincerely and diligently, believing that it will bring life after death. The studies of the harmonious relationship includes researching the team spirit and team work among End-of-Life Chanting volunteers, relationships among family members, neighbors, and colleagues, and the attitudes toward life. In short, it concludes that, “life is short, why arguing with others?”“the cultivation of oneself is important, competing with others is not necessary”, “others are always right, I need to work on my mistakes”, “facing with the reality of facts, telling the right from wrong”, and “regards the wealth as a gift from God, and not being afraid to be taken advantage of”. . Based on the research findings, there are some suggestions: 1. To End-of-Life Chanting volunteers : recite sutra sincerely;believe that life is unpredictable and chanting is a good deed benefiting others and yourselves;do a good deed at one moment but maintain and support it till forever. 2. To the surviving family members: Have a will made before death in order to set up everything and let your wishes be known 3. To the society:Every family should at least have one or two members who know the work of End-of-Life Chanting ceremonies. 4. To the hospital and medical field: Educate and train more volunteers to engage in the End-of-Life Chanting ceremonies. 5. To the Buddhist temples:To publicize the method and effectiveness of the End-of-Life Chanting, make End-of-Life Chanting more popular and wide- spread . 6. To the government:Educate and train more religious professionals. 7. To the mortuary: Avoid breaking the process of End-of-Life Chanting,and assist the End-of-Life Chanting ceremonies to help the dead reach the Western Pureland. key words:a) End-of-Life Chanting,b) volunteers of End-of-Life Chanting, c) the life philosophy, d) the harmonious relationship
3

死亡與宗教生活:以佛教臨終助念為例

王千蕙, Wang,Chienhui Unknown Date (has links)
臨終助念是佛教淨土信仰者所實行的一種臨終處理方式,希望藉由對臨終者說明淨土的可欲、阿彌陀佛的願力,來提起臨終者發願往生淨土的信心;並陪伴臨終者唸誦佛號,以免臨終者因死亡的痛苦而失去信仰;佛教徒相信人的身體死亡後,尚有神識存在,因此在臨終者斷氣後,助念應至少實行八小時。 從宗教史的角度來看,在佛教淨土信仰的脈絡下,信仰者透過對經典的理解與實踐,在以念佛為修行方法、追求解脫生死、投生極樂的修行中,發展出為人助聲念佛的具體行動,這個行動進一步地與「善知識」的觀念產生積極性的轉化與結合,理性地落實到臨終時刻,促成了「臨終助念」的產生。民國初年印光確認了助念的理論與實施方法,並大加推廣,而後隨著大陸佛教人士來台,助念亦進入台灣佛教徒的生活當中。 由於早期信仰氛圍較為傳統,助念實在違背民間的死亡禁忌,因此僅僅實行於少數的佛教徒間。而助念活動在八0年代的興起背景,可歸納為三個因素:一是新興佛教團體對於理念相當強調,並積極投入社會參與,較諸傳統的佛教寺院,其經營策略有明顯的改變,因此在提倡與推動助念活動上,有相當的進展;二是臨終與死亡處理的問題逐漸成形,人們積極地尋求解決的方法,以起於醫療系統中的臨終關懷與安寧療護為最明顯的例子;三是傳統喪葬儀式逐漸喪失其實施的背景與基礎,除了意義的失落外,其制式化與非透明化亦為社會所質疑,人們開始選擇不同的處理方式。 而助念活動造成了三個影響:一、對於佛教團體,助念不僅是對於淨土理念的宣示,也因為其義務性與靈驗性而達到有效的宗教傳播,而助念則成為佛教團體相當重要的服務項目。二、助念與臨終關懷相互結合,佛教團體開始積極推動佛教的臨終關懷,除了吸取臨終關懷的概念外,亦進一步與醫療系統中輔導、心理的相關機制相互結合。三、助念結合了佛化喪葬儀式出現,成為替代傳統喪葬儀式的另一選擇。目前已有許多禮儀社將佛化喪儀納入服務項目之一,而完全採行佛化喪儀的禮儀社,也在佛教徒的促成下出現。 從宗教內涵來說,透過給予生者與死者連結的時間與機會,並提供人們超越此世的意義,臨終助念幫助人們面對死亡、接受死亡,並建立對於死亡的積極態度。實踐方式則是淨土信仰者宗教生活的延續,是一種貫徹始終的修行。而助念所描繪的臨終場景,毋寧是一場臨終喜劇,將死亡由悲劇轉化為生命所必經的歷程,而將悲與喜的決定交在人們的手上,這不僅是人們內心深處所渴望的,卻也是人們所恐懼的,在此宗教欲引導人們理解的便是一種如實的與積極的面對。

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