今﹙2008﹚年是石油價格大幅變化的一年，年初原油突破每桶1百美元的關卡後一路攀升，終至7月初紐約原油創下每桶147.27美元的歷史新高紀錄；其後雖因市場因素而下滑，但高油價來臨已是全球都體認到的現實。此外，人為排放導致大氣中二氧化碳濃度不斷增加，由此引發的溫室效應、氣候變遷，以及因而擴大的全球暖化作用，在今年更受到矚目；追求替代能源已是全世界風起雲湧的一項趨勢，核能復興議題，也在此時重又被提出討論並受重視。 核能科學是幾個世代以來許多科學家努力的成果，但因核分裂反應最後誕生在第二次世界大戰末的美國，主要用於結束戰爭，使核能和平使用一直蒙上一層核武陰影；再加上發生過數起重大核災變事故，核能安全受到世人質疑，核能廢棄物又因擺脫不去的放射性，成為難解的問題。 由於核能力量巨大，會產生有害人體、生物及環境的輻射，國際間因而成立許多跨國性組織，建立規範以管理核能使用國家，並給予核能技術的指導。核能廢棄物處理由於是核能使用的一個重要環節，廣義而言，也是國際環境保護的一部分，各國在簽署環境保護各種公約、協議時，多會納入該議題，要求核能使用國家對核能廢棄物作最適當的管理與處置。 檢討核能廢棄物處理方式，除了依其輻射強度將廢棄物作嚴格分類外，基本上仍不脫掩埋與暫時儲存在一定的場址兩大做法。先進國家將低、中階核能廢棄物減容、固化處理後，進行永久掩埋，但如用過核燃料等高階核能廢棄物，其處理方式仍待突破，必須透過國際合作方能獲得最大效益。 從核能廢棄物處理研究，而推論出我國政府關注核能廢棄物應注意到的幾個面相，並建議未來重新評估加重核能占有能源比率時的所應注意的問題，綜合而言應注意的有：一、核能廢棄物是核能使用的中心議題，廢棄物問題未能妥善解決，不易推動核能使用的能源政策。二、核能廢棄物處理既屬專業但也是高度政治性議題，運用政治智慧方能妥善解決。三、核能廢棄物不止是一國的國內事務，也牽涉到跨國議題，除須投入最新科技研發相關技術，並應加強國際合作共同處理。四、必須獲得民眾充分支持才能全力推動核能使用的能源政策。

第22回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成21(2009)年度報告

第23回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成22(2010)年度報告

近年來，隨著能源價格不斷飆漲以及溫室氣體大量排放造成的氣候異常變化，引起世界各國對於提高能源使用效率與加強溫室氣體排放管制的重視。溫室氣體大多由化石燃料燃燒所產生。因此，一般被視為能耗較高的發電、鋼鐵、水泥以及石化等產業，遂成為眾所矚目而被要求加強溫室氣體排放管制的主要產業。未來的產業發展規劃，必需兼顧經濟與環保，否則必將被世界潮流所淹沒。 因應全球溫室氣體排放管制趨勢，就台灣經濟發展面、財政建設面、環境永續經營面等層面考量分析，現階段石化產業之發展應對產業競爭力及環境保護做更多且更審慎的考量。於產業競爭力部分，建議中油開放民營，並運用部份釋股取得的資金，一方面引進先進的製程技術及進行設備更新，提升企業競爭力；另一方面整合國內仰賴台灣中油公司供料且在各產品領域擁有數十年營運經驗的中下游業者，建構泛中油體系的石化經營團隊。如此泛中油體系與國內另一石化產品鏈已相當完整的台塑體系，形成兩大石化體系，互為良性競爭。於環境保護方面，則建議我國應終止國光石化投資案，降低溫室氣體排放量，並藉提升廠商製程效率減少能耗，如此將使經濟發展及環境保護得以兼顧，亦達成原興建國光計畫之目的。 而未來台灣石化產業發展策略，技術發展需長期向下扎根，產品則朝高值化、精緻化發展，開發低能耗、低污染之替代能源，提升產品的附加價值，並將大宗石化耗能的產品移往海外能源低廉的地區，持續提升產業競爭力，並達成溫室氣體減少排放為目標。如是，台灣在環境保護日益重視之趨勢下，石化產業也得以永續發展。 / The high energy cost and the unusual climate change due to increasing green house gases（GHG）emission in recent years have attracted the global attentions and called for improvement of energy utilization efficiency and enhancement of GHG emission control. GHG are mostly produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. And the higher energy consumption industries such as power generation, steel, cement and petrochemical industries are thus strongly requested to reduce GHG emission. Economic development and environmental protection both are needed to be equally evaluated in the planning of future industry development. Taking petrochemical industry as an example, many of its mid-stream and down-stream products have become an unseparable part and of our daily life. In Taiwan, it has been over half century since the establishment of petrochemical industry, and now become top 10 petrochemical production countries in the world. The production value of petrochemical-related industries are very close to 4 trillion NT dollars, about 30% of total production value of domestic manufacturing sectors. Petrochemical industry and electronic industry are the two strong arms in supporting national economic growth. As a very important industry in Taiwan, however, the intensity of its GHG emission is only next to steel industry. The significant technology improvement in petrochemical industry has been achieved since the installation of the existing refinery, naphtha crackers and many petrochemical mid-stream production plants in Taiwan. It is well recognized that the GHG emission will be greatly reduced if the advanced technologies are introduced and the old facilities are revamped. Therefore, the writer would like to address a different approach toward KuoKuang Petrochemical Project which the government is giving an impetus to its execution. Here the writer would propose Taiwan CPC company, the state-owned petroleum company and the leader of Kuokuang Petrochemical Project, to become privatized after asset re-evaluation and collect some government capital from privatization through issuance of part of its shares to the open market. The capital thus collected can be used for enterprise reform. The important items of the enterprise reform include but not limited to introduction of the advanced technologies, revamping of existing facilities and establishment of a new well-integrated petrochemical conglomerate through mutual investment between Taiwan CPC and the mid-stream companies that rely raw material supplies from Taiwan CPC. From viewpoints of both economy and environment, government policy of implementation of KuoKuang Petrochemical Project is worthy for reconsideration. Formation of a CPC-lead petrochemical conglomerate would also benefit the current petrochemical companies that rely on raw material supplies from Taiwan CPC as their operation efficiencies would improved from business intergration. The newly formed conglomerate would be more powerful in further business development and more competitive in world market. They would have more resources to explore their potential in advanced technology development, in new business fields such as biomass energy, solar energy and so on. The CPC-lead petrochemical conglomerate would be able to enchance its competitiveness to another domestic petrochemical giant, Taiwan Formosa Group, and other petrochemical giants in the global market.