University of Macau / Faculty of Law

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

本論文主要在探討兩岸營業競爭法制之內容及異同。主要內容如下：（一）兩岸先後制定了營業競爭法，如台灣於1991年制定的公平交易法，大陸於1993年制定的公平交易法，兩岸營業競爭法各有其特色，但大陸的反不正當競爭法規之內容基本上並未對反壟斷部份加以規範，僅有對公用企業及行政部門之限定購買行為和行政機關的地區封鎖行為加以限制，結合部份則完全未加以規定，聯合行為部分則規範了串通投票行為；台灣公平交易法則分別對不公平競爭行為、壟斷、結合、聯合、皆加以規範，內容上較大陸完整。（二）大陸的壟斷行政性壟斷為主，為其特色，主要包括部門壟斷及地區封鎖，此乃計劃經濟體制過渡至市場經濟所產生之弊端。（三）大陸反壟斷法未來制定之必要性及時機的探討。（四）大陸市場體制若干問題之探討。（五）結論。

中國自2001年加入WTO並開放境內市場後，外資便開始以併購方式迅速進入中國市場，造成中國諸多產業遭外資壟斷，使中國於2007年8月30日迫切通過前後立法超過二十年的《反壟斷法》，並於2008年8月1日開始實施以規範外資併購行為。中國《反壟斷法》係管理市場秩序的主要法律亦被稱作「經濟憲法」，惟相較於世界先進國家已有悠久歷史，相關法規範已發展成熟，檢視該法的規範與實際操作上卻仍可發現諸多問題。 　　本文擬從外國競爭經濟法理論出發，剖析中國《反壟斷法》的立法基礎，並先探究該法之立法過程、規範範圍、執法機構分散與行政壟斷問題，再申論外資併購中國境內企業涉及反壟斷申報審查制度，最後進入本文核心議題即國家安全與濫用市場支配地位，輔以詳細數據與實際案例探討，翼望得以作為外資併購中國企業之參考依據。 / Since 2001 China has became one of the members of WTO, foreign investors used mergers and acquisitions as business strategy to dominate position in some specific markets in China, which caused China government adopted the first “Antimonopoly Law” on August 30, 2007 and it went into effect on August 1, 2008. China’s antimonopoly law also called“Economic Constitution”aims to establish the new economic order; however, compared with the western developed countries which has developed a great legal system, its substance has aroused suspicion and criticism. This paper seeks to provide an assessment for China’s “Antimonopoly Law” from the analysis of the soul of antitrust theory to discuss the structure of China’s “Antimonopoly Law” including the drafting stage, application of the law, lack of substantive enforcement authority and the issue of administrative monopoly. Then, this paper aims to solve the problem of the provisions of thresholds for concentration of foreign investors. After the basic discussion the issue above, this paper tries to discuss the core issue –national security and abuses of dominant market position—by providing statistics and analyzing real cases to draft conclusion for the foreign investors to follow when seeking to undertake mergers and acquisitions in China.

近年外資在中國投資日益增多，成為中國政府所重視的經濟政策導向之一，改革開放後，相關法制和制度逐漸健全，藉以吸引更多的外國資金流入，帶動中國經濟蓬勃發展。 中國大陸反壟斷法於2008年8月1日正式生效，對於外資企業造成一定程度的影響，特別是對於外資企業併購所涉及的經營者集中和濫用知識產權所造成的市場支配地位，在反壟斷法施行後，受到全球欲投資中國的外資矚目。 外資在中國欲從事相關的併購和商業行為，除了中國特殊固有的國情外，加以中國知識產權之保護與反壟斷法之立法，讓外資受到相關的限制。中國國情特殊、市場廣大，在政治和經濟上的影響力不可小覷，各國都希望拓展大陸市場，而運用知識產權的排他性為取得市場支配地位最快速的手段，但如何與中國反壟斷法衡平，避免受到有關機關的反壟斷審查以及懲罰，是外資在進入中國市場時需要考慮的要點。 本文企圖從可口可樂收購匯源、中國微軟黑屏事件兩個案例分析中，歸納出中國政府對於外資併購和壟斷所採取之態度，以及中國反壟斷法與知識產權適用上的平衡交錯，並且在結論與建議上提供外資及台商在反壟斷法施行後經營知識產權所應當留意之處。 / In recent years, foreign investments in China have been increasing because of Chinese Government's economic policy and global economic trends. The gradually improved investment regulations in legal system and environment attract more and more foreign capital inflows, and led China's economy to flourish. China’s antimonopoly law had effect on August 1, 2008, and had great impacts on foreign enterprises, especially in mergers and acquisitions and market power to which is contributed by the exercises of intellectual property rights. Foreign companies must consider China's special national conditions. Besides, protections of China's intellectual property rights and anti-trust legislations also exercise restraints on foreign investments in China. All countries want to develop the market in China, while the exclusive use of intellectual property rights in order to achieve a dominant market position is the most rapid means, but how the Chinese anti-monopoly law equitable to the exclusive IPR would be the key point. Foreign investors who are entering the Chinese market need to consider the main points of the authority concerned in antitrust law reviewing and punishments. From the acquisition case of Coca-Cola and Huiyuan and Microsoft case in China, this thesis attempts to draw a conclusion of what attitudes towards foreign companies Chinese Government would take in the future.In order to summarize how to balance China's anti-monopoly law and intellectual property rights for foreign mergers and acquisitions. Also, remind Taiwanese investor of business tips from the legal and business points of view.