遺囑信託，係指以遺囑方式所創設之信託。我國信託法明示除其他依法律規定而成立之信託外，信託得以遺囑之方式為之。然自信託法八十六年公布施行以來，遺囑信託並未受到相當的重視，致實務上產生之種種問題，均無法獲得圓滿的解決，因認有全面研究遺囑信託之必要。 遺囑信託於英美已有數百年之歷史，其有何優點值得探討，而我國亦立法承認此一制度之理由，亦值法學界及實務界關心。理論上信託法內所有規定，均可適用於遺囑信託，但深入探討後將發現存有大小不等之問題，顯係立法時所未見。對這些問題實有必要基於學理予以討論，供實務或修法時之參考，亦使使用者有所依循。同時本論文之目的在提供實務及修法之依據、建構遺囑信託之理論體系，以及喚起社會對此種制度之重視。 本論文分為六章，分別為緒論、遺囑信託之基礎概念、遺囑信託之設立、遺囑信託之法律效力、遺囑信託之監督、變更及消滅、與結論。第一章說明研究動機及目的、研究範圍與方法、參考文獻及限制、以及論文架構。 第二章介紹遺囑信託之基礎概念。首先摘要介紹信託之意義、功能及其分類，其次說明遺囑信託之源起及發展，接著探討遺囑信託之意義、性質與功能，最後則比較遺囑信託與其他法律關係建構遺囑信託概念之界限。第三章討論遺囑信託設立之各項要件，包含遺囑信託行為、遺囑信託當事人、關係人、信託財產、信託目的、信託存續期間、及信託之公示等，藉由分析其成立及生效要件，不僅可深入瞭解遺囑信託，亦作為後續討論之基礎。第四章遺囑信託之法律效力，擬討論遺囑信託成立生效後，對於信託財產、受託人、受益人、委託人所發生之效力與信託關係人間之權利義務。第五章中擬研究遺囑信託本身之相關問題，如其生效後之監督、變更、及消滅等。 第六章為本論文之結論，綜合言之，信託法對遺囑信託之規範甚為簡略，許多規定並未詳加考慮委託人於信託生效時已死亡之情形，致實際運用時將產生許多問題，另外在遺囑信託財產與繼承人特留分間之衝突，也是信託法與繼承法間的衝突，如何圓滿解決，有深入探討之必要。最後，本論文提出九點修正信託法之建議，期供未來司法實務或修法過程之參考，而使遺囑信託制度於我國之運作能臻於完善。

我國信託業法於民國八十九年七月立法完成後，營業信託的法制經過近年來信託同業及主管機關之努力已逐漸成型，惟營業信託與民事信託雖同採信託架構運行，但兩者於實務執行中因受託人所享有對信託財產管理運用權限之不同，營業信託下受託人對信託財產之管理運用不具裁量權更為營業信託業務執行中所常見，此點反映在受託人責任之核心—忠實義務，亦應有所調整。 本文第二章即從受託人於代理制度中所衍生之代理人成本控制談起，並探討利益衝突交易及忠實義務之內涵，及我國信託法立法前及立法後司法實務對忠實義務之見解。此外，有鑒於我國信託法明文對忠實義務規範之欠缺及疏漏，亦深入探討其缺失之所在。另鑑於日本於2006年大幅修正信託法，其規範甚為完善深值我國未來修法時之參考，故亦加以整理及分析其精華所在。 本文第三章則探討本文主題之核心—營業信託下受託人之忠實義務。本章先探討我國營業信託發展之現況及所受之限制，其後則針對目前有關營業信託受託人所受忠實義務之相關規範予以探討，及實務所見諸多問題予以提出。另鑑於日本於2004年大幅修正信託業法，其規範亦身為同屬大陸法系之我國於未來修法時之參考。 本文第四章則探討我國商業信託下各類信託業務下受託人所負之忠實義務內涵及相關規範予以整理及探討。 最後，於第五章結論與建議中，透過前面章節之整理即可導出因我國營業信託業務類型多元，致使我國現行信託業法及信託法上有關忠實義務規範於實務執行中格格不入，故提出建言，希望未來修法時能有所變革，使我國營業信託之法制更為完善。

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

The “Trust to Invest in Early Stage Businesses” is a government project based in a public bank of Paraguay. This “Trust” aims to become the first and the best landmark of “Angel Investor” to foster entrepreneurial culture and help in the development of the stock market and the economy of the country. There is no similar fund in the market, therefore there is no regulation about this type of investment; as a consequence, the “Trust” will start to work with the institutions in charge to establish the basis for this new industry. The special purpose of the “Trust” is to target the most vulnerable of the businesses, the seed and the start-up stages. Those segments are not covered by the banks or any other financial institution. This project is an opportunity for the government to foster the “Inclusive Economic Growth” that is one of the pillars of the “National Development Plan 2014-2030” because start-ups maybe are small companies but they can play a significant role in the economic growth. I believe that the “Trust” will receive back his investment with profit, so, there will be more money to invest in early stage businesses and the cycle will continue.

本文係在我國勞退新制改以個人帳戶制及年金保險制中併行下，針對其中年金保險制度之爭議、規範缺失做一整理研究，並參酌美國ERISA對於企業退休計畫之相關法制提出相關建議。 自立法機關確定勞退新制將揚棄過去確定給付制之設計，改以確定提撥制作為企業退休制度之主軸起，勞動法學者即針對確定提撥制對勞工之保障不足，新舊制轉換等爭議提出諸多質疑與討論，但對於其中年金保險制之規劃多僅止於條列介紹而未多加著墨。本研究以敘述性、回顧性之方式將我國與美國之退休金制度作歸納探討，針對目前年金保險制中較有疑義之部分，以比較法之方式進一步檢討，最後提出若干建議。 本研究共分為四個部分，第一部份為我國勞工退休制度之變革。針對我國由確定給付制發展為確定提撥制之風險轉換作一分析，次介紹新制之規範內容。第二部分以美國ERISA法案為中心，對美國企業退休計畫之發展及基本實質規範進一步整理探討，以為後續我國年金保險規範分析之參考。第三部份探討我國企業年金保險之法制爭議，以現行之勞工退休金條例年金保險實施辦法及企業年金保險保單示範條款為基礎，剖析其與保險法及相關子法間之互動。並針對其中有關最低保證收益、非退休給付及退休金運用管理人之忠誠義務等議題，參酌美國之規定進行深入探討。第四部份為結論及相關立法建議。 / This thesis analyzes and examines various issues regarding the anuuity insurance scheme under the modified Taiwan Labor Pension Act (hereinafter the “Act”), which together with the individual account scheme forms the keynote of the retirement scheme under the Act. Moreover, this thesis also provides several suggestions on the Act and relevant regulations with special reference to the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. Beginning with the announcement that the prevailing defined benefit retirement program previously in effect under the Act would be discarded and replaced by a new retirement program adopting the spirit of the defined contribution program, scholars specializing in labor law ceaselessly questioned and discussed the inherent deficiency of the proposed defined contribution program as well as various issues regarding transitional measures. Most articles pertaining to the newly presented annuity insurance scheme, however, merely introduced its operation mechanism and provided little commentary. This thesis descriptively and retrospectively studies the pension system of Taiwan and the United States and reviews the discrepancy and other issues in a comparative way. Finally, this thesis will provide several suggestions for relevant issues. This thesis is organized into four parts. First is the reformation of the labor retirement scheme in Taiwan. This section begins with a risk analysis between a defined benefit and defined contribution program and further elaborates on the related content of the Act. The second part introduces the development of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) in the U.S. and discusses the fundamental regulations of the plan. The third portion of this thesis probes into the legal issues arising from the current annuity insurance scheme, mainly the Enforcement Rules of the Annuity Insurance Scheme under the Labor Pension Act and the Example of the Annuity Insurance Clauses, both being promulgated by the Financial Supervisory Commission, Executive Yuan, and how those regulations coordinate with the Insurance Law and its ancillary regulations. Issues arising from guaranteed minimum returns, non-retirement benefits and fiduciary duty were analyzed through comparative research with special reference to the similar provisions under ERISA. The final portion of this thesis contains concluding statements on the above analyses and offers several suggestions with respect to the current regulations of the annuity insurance scheme.