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國小兒童的性別、社會背景及其語言行為之關係譚天瑜 Unknown Date (has links)
過去有關兒童語言行為的研究,結論不一。本研究為了了解國小兒童的性別、社會背景在語言行為上之差異,乃提出虛無假設,假定不同性別、社會背景的兒童,在語言行為上沒有顯著的差異。
抽取八十名受試者,依其社會背景分為漁、農、公教和商四組,每組二十名,男女各半。採個別測驗方式,要受試者看四張不同社會背景的圖片,作語言反應。然後就其語言編碼方式及語言行為總字數,加以分析。
本研究資料是用二項式變異數分析、克一瓦二氏單因子等級變異數分析、曼一惠特尼U考驗等方法來檢驗。結果發現:男女兒童在語言編碼及語言行為總字數上,沒有顯著的差異,不同社會背景的兒童在語言行為總字數上亦無差異,但不同社會背景的兒童在語言編碼上則有顯著的差異。進一步以杜凱氏法比較,發現農∼公組在四張圖片的語言編碼,都達顯著差異,公∼商組在圖片漁上亦達顯著差異。
最後從不同社會背景在行為、態度上之差異來解釋結果,並對教育及研究提出建議。
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人格特質、親子關係、同儕關係與兒童憂鬱行為表現之研究 / A study of personality traits, parent-child relationship , peer relationship and depression of elementary school students王瑋婷 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的在探討國小兒童的「人格特質」、「親子關係」、「同儕關係」與「憂鬱」之相關, 並以問卷調查方式進行。研究樣本為國小高年級兒童為對象, 共收集487 份有效樣本進行分析。本研究之研究工具為「兒童青少年憂鬱篩選量表」、「國小學童人格特質量表」、「親子互動關係問卷」及「國小學童同儕互動關係量表」。數據資料以敍述性統計、t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關, 及多元逐步迴歸進行分析等。研究主要發現如下: 一、目前國小兒童的憂鬱行為表現普遍水準偏向正面,即較無憂鬱。
二、不同性別、出生序、家庭結構之國小兒童,其憂鬱行為表現沒有顯著差異
三、全體國小兒童之「神經質」、「支配/指使」、「衝突/攻擊」、「競爭/忌妒」、「敵意/防衛」與其整體憂鬱行為表現間,皆存有顯著正相關的關係;而「嚴謹性」、「外向性」、「友善性」及「開放性」、「親子關係」、「合作/利社會行為」、「遊戲/聯合活動」、「信任/尊重」、「親密/依附」等正向同儕關係及「整體同儕關係」則與其整體憂鬱行為表現間,存有顯著負相關的關係。
四、「老么」、「雙親家庭兒童」之「外向性」與其整體憂鬱行為表現間,存有顯著負相關的關係。
五、「老大」、「單親家庭兒童」之「母親心理」親子關係與其憂鬱行為表現間,存有顯著負相關的關係。
六、「中間子女」之「信任/尊重」、「親密/依附」、「競爭/忌妒」及「敵意/防衛」等四項同儕關係上,與其憂鬱行為表現皆存有顯著相關。
七、「敵意防衛」同儕關係及「神經質」人格特質最能夠效預測全體國小兒童的「憂鬱行為表現」。
八、同儕關係的「競爭嫉妒」最能預測「男生」、「獨生子女」和「中間子女」兒童的「憂鬱行為表現」。
九、同儕關係的「敵意防衛」最能夠預測「女生」、「老大」、「雙親家庭」兒童的「憂鬱行為表現」
十、「神經質」人格特質最能夠預測「老么」、「單親家庭」兒童的「憂鬱行為表現」
本研究根據上述各項結果加以討論,並提出數點建議,以供後續相關實務工作及研究的參考。 / The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among personality traits, parental relationship, peer relationship and depression. The study adopted a method of questionnaire survey. The subjects of this study were 487 grade five and six elementary school students in Taiwan.Instruments used in this study were“Children and Adolescents Depression Screening Scale”,“Parental Interaction Relationship Questionnaire”,“The scale of interaction between peers for elementary students”. The study was analyzed by descriptive statist ics,T-tests,One-way ANOVA,Pearson product -moment correlation and multiple step-wise regression analysis. The main findings of this study were as fol lows:
1. The status of depressive tendency for most respondents is regarded as positive.
2. There were no significant differences in depression among these students according to their different gender , birth order and family structure.
3. There were significant positive correlations between “neuroticism”,” control / instigate”,” conflict / attack”,”competitive / jealous”,” hostile / defensive” peer relationship and “depression”.However, there were significant negative correlations between” conscientiousness”,”extraversion”, “agreeableness”,”openness”,” parental relationship”,”cooperative / prosocial behavior”,”game / joint activities”,”trust / respect”,”intimate/ attachment” peer relationship and “depression”.
4. Significant negative correlations were found between youngest birth order and parents-family child’ extraversion and depression.
5. Significant negative correlations were found between oldest birth order and single parent-family child’ mother mentality relationship and depression.
6. Significant correlations were found between the middle child’ ”trust /respect”,”intimate/ attachment”, ”competitive / jealous”,” hostile / defensive” peer relationship and depression.
7. ” hostile / defensive” peer relationship and “neuroticism” show prediction to the total score of depression.
8. ”competitive / jealous” peer relationship shows prediction to boy,singleton, and the middle child’ depression.
9. ” hostile / defensive” peer relationship shows prediction to girl,oldest birth order,and parents-family child’ depression.
10.“neuroticism” shows prediction to youngest birth order and single parent-family child’ depression.
Finally, after discussion, the researcher proposed some suggestions for educational instruction and future studies.
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