二十世紀，行權獨強的今日，如何才能結合民意與專家，有效的監督行政權的行使從 而貫徹民主的原則﹖美國國會助理制度的發展提供一鮮明的範例。 檢視目前台灣的「國會助理，以立法院為例早在民國四十一年通過的立法院各委員會 組織法中即規定「各委員會設置專門委員一人負責法案之研究及草擬事項」是為我國 會助理設置之伊始。在私人助理方面，六十九年中央民意代表增額選舉後，即有不少 的增額、國代、立、監委以私人秘書的名義聘雇助理來經營選區及處理國會內之有關 事務。但是皆囿於種種原因未能完全發揮其應有功能，因此，參酌美國的情形正足以 借鏡。 本文共分七章約七萬字。（一）導論：說明研究動機目的、方法與範圍。（二）美國 國會助理的建制概況：敘述國會助理的設置方式、沿革及助理的特徵。（三）美國國 會助理的組織、活動與影響：分析各種不同的組織方式及助理的工作範圍、限制與影 響。最後評估整個制度。（四）我國國會助理的建制：分析我國是否需要國會助理以 及助理設置過程中的有關爭議。（五）為我國國會助理運作狀況：以六十九年增額國 代、監委及七十二年增額立委為研究樣本檢視國代、立、監委私人助理運作的情形。 （六）中美國會助理制度之比較。（七）結論：綜合上述，提出我國助理制度未來發 展的可行方向。

國會議事一直是民主國家運作的核心，在我國立法院的議事效率議事逐年受到重視的一個議題，國會助理正是影響國會議事表現的重要因素之一，然而國內有關國會助理工作及其角色的文獻卻是較為缺乏的，因此本研究欲從質化與量化研究之角度，進行深入探討。 本文首先蒐集整理國內相關重要書籍、期刊、論文，依照文獻探討之結果發展問卷進行問卷調查與深度訪問，並於文中針對質化與量化分析之結果進行討論。本研究發現，我國的國會助理主要包含「價值追求」與「價值中立」兩類型，並且助理之服務傳遞是會受到「個人理念」、「不同職務」與「資源多寡」而有所不同的。期望本研究，在實務上，能夠做為立法委員在管理其助理與立法院進行國會助理制度改革上的參考之一事例。 關鍵字：國會助理，角色扮演，工作內容，工作態度

本研究之目的有四： （一）整理目前我國國會助理工作之特性： 藉由研究來了解國會助理工作之內容及特性為何，進而歸納出國會助理所需之勞動條件。 （二）了解目前我國國會助理勞動之條件： 由於國內多數國會助理研究並未對國會助理各項勞動條件明確予以討論，本研究試圖收集國會助理各項勞動條件，藉以了解國會助理真實的勞動環境情況。 （三）歸納目前我國國會助理勞動之權益： 藉由收集到的資料，分析及討論目前國會助理各項勞動條件之情況，並適時了解國會助理於勞動環境中所面臨之問題。 （四）明白目前我國國會助理勞動權益與條件之間的落差： 在了解國會助理的各項勞動條件後，分析與討論其與現行法令之落差，並提出改善之建議，藉以提升國會助理之勞動條件。 關鍵字:國會助理、勞動權益

自2007年第七屆立法委員選舉開始，我國國會選舉制度正式換軌為單一選區兩票制，立法院是中華民國目前唯一的國會，國會助理成為選民和立委之間的橋樑，並代理立法委員提供選民服務，隨著選區選民服務個案數量的增加，選民服務的內容有哪些，國會助理如何處理選民服務案件以及國會助理如何透過選民服務的過程，以獲得工作上的成就感等主題，值得深究。 本研究以立意抽樣方式，採質化半結構深入訪談法，面訪立法院(第七屆末及第八屆初)區域立委立法院辦公室主要或部分負責選民服務案件的助理及主任等12人，旨在探討瞭解國會助理選民服務的工作內容及選民服務所帶來的成就感。 本研究經由訪談之後的資料分析，所獲得的重要發現如下： 一、助理工作、內容複雜多樣：在國會辦公室中，大都設有負責行政庶務，負責　　質詢議題、問政資料蒐集與整理，掌管選民服務及辦公室主任等各樣助理。 二、成為助理、多種雇用機緣：成為助理的管道多元，諸如透過立法院公佈欄，網路上的徵人啟事，寄履歷表應徵，擔任立法委員參選時輔選團隊等機緣。 三、工作評價、感受正負不一：正面是可以充分發揮對政治的理想與抱負，累積待人處事的經驗，增進人際關係能力等；但負面在於沒有升遷或加薪的機會。 四、服務案件、來自多元管道：選民服務案件來自選區服務處或所接到的陳情案件，中央黨部或者黨團轉介，或在委員的臉書或網頁上留言，電子郵件陳情等。 五、選民服務、事關連任至巨：在單一選區制的情況下，區域立委的產生來自選票，一位委員能否獲得連任成功，和國會助理的選民服務成果關係密切。 六、服務選民、尤需熱忱耐性：選民大都遇到困難才會提出服務要求，因此助理在處理服務案件時要有耐心，並要讓選民感受到助理的熱心及熱情。 七、有些案件、令人心生焦慮：有些案件具有較大壓力，其來源多元多樣，諸如時間急迫，陳情人緊迫盯人，選民的焦急情緒及舉動，選區人情壓力等。 八、助理工作、連帶收穫豐碩：擔任助理可以學習處世經驗，提升自我，並累積各種人際關係，交到許多的好朋友，還可在所接觸的案件中，充實自我。 　　本研究並根據訪談資料分析所得到的研究發現，提出以下研究建議： 一、對國會助理之建議：擔任助理有必要大力提升法學素養；從事選民服務工作時，須展現高度熱情；體認助理工作之不易，時時充實自己；而助理工作並無升遷機會，要另謀高就有待增加專業能力；努力學習溝通技巧，此事關係工作成效；對於有意從政者，趁從事助理機會紮根選區，預作從政準備；善用助理職務可利用資源，廣結善緣。 二、對相關單位建議：國會助理任期隨立法委員進退，因此雇用期間基本上僅4年，因此，助理任用亟須強化保障；同時，福利待遇亦有待大力加強。 三、對立法委員之建議：助理對選民服務之成效，事關連任與否甚巨，因此，在聘任助理人員時，必須慎選人才。 關鍵字：國會助理，工作內容，工作成就感 / Abstract Since 2007 the Seventh Legislative Yuan elections, Taiwan’s Congressional electoral system officially has changed to a "single-constituency, two-ballot" electoral system. The Legislative Yuan is the only Congress in Republic of China and Legislative assistants have become the main communication bridge/door between voters and legislators, and also have become the go between for legislators and their voters. However, with the increase in the number of cases, this is a relative topic worthy for us to explore, eg, What is the extent of services for voters? How do the legislative assistants successfully manage and deal with the voters’ cases, and also get a sense of accomplishment from the work? Selective sampling was chosen for this study, using qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews, 12 legislators assistants and directors were interviewed. They were mainly or partly in charge of services for voters, and worked for the regional office of legislators (the late seventh and early eighth) of Regional Office in Legislative Yuan. The main purpose of this study was to explore and understand the content voter services work and the sense of accomplishment brought by the work of legislative/congress assistants. The results of data analysis with in-depth interviews of legislative assistants and legislators offices directors are followed. First, the content of assistant work is complex and diverse: Usually in most congress offices, there are several assistants, who are specifically in charge for different parts of work, such as administrative assistant; assistant - who is responsible for questions topics; assistant - who would work on data collection and sorting of politics; and office director - who administrates the legislator office and voter services. Second, there are many different ways to be a legislative assistant: such as sending resume through Bulletin board in Legislative Yuan or Job’s online website; or joining the campaign group for the legislator and for delivering votes for the legislator and so on. Third, Job evaluation; there are advantages and shortcomings from legislative assistant work: the advantage of this work is, people can give full play to their political ideas and aspirations; they can earn accumulated experience of dealing with people, and enhance interpersonal skills; but the shortcoming is lack of opportunities for promotion and pay raise. Forth, voter service cases from the multiple places: voters service cases usually are received from several different places, such as the constituencies services department or have been referred from headquarters or from the caucus; also, voters can leave a message or send a petition on legislator’s Facebook, web page, or e-mail. Fifth, Voter service is related to the next election/campaign of legislator: In the case of single-constituency, two-ballot " electoral system, the outcome of the relationship between voters service and ballot is closely connected; each ballot influences a present legislator on his/her success for the next campaign and chances of being the next legislator. Sixth, Voter service needs work with enthusiasm and patience: Mostly voters will request for the voters service when they are facing real difficulty. Therefore, it needs more patience when a legislative assistant is working on these cases, and also need to show their enthusiasm and passion for the people. Seventh, some of cases are urgent: some (voter service) cases must be dealt with urgently, the pressure comes from different factors, such as, limited time; hot-pursuit of the petitioner; the anxious mood of the voters; and personal pressure. Eighth, assistant job comes with benefit: Being a legislative assistant can learn the manner of dealing with people and situations, Self-improvement and accumulate a variety of interpersonal skills such as collect a network of good friends. Also, a legislative experience can lead to self-enrichment. According to the analysis and research of data and interviews in this study, this study provides the following suggestions for congress assistants, relative departments and legislators: 1. For legislative/congress assistants: As a legislative/congress assistant, they need to improve their literacy of law; he/she needs to show the high enthusiasm during the voter service; understanding of complex legislative assistant work, and self-improvement; due to the lack of opportunities for promotion, congress/legislative assistants need to enhance their own professional competence if they want to change the job in the future; increase the skills of communication, it’s relative to the results of work; for those, who wants to be a politician, they should take note of the process during their experience as an assistant; properly using all the resources as an assistant, and create a big network of contacts. 2. For other departments: a congressional aides /legislative assistant’s work term is based on legislator’s tenure. It’s basically only 4 years period of employment. Therefore, they need to strengthen their job’s security, and also vigorously improve their salary and benefits. 3. For legislators: The outcome of the relationship between voters service and assistant is closely connected, it influences the present legislator’s next campaign. Therefore, they should be careful who they choose to hire an assistant. Key words: congress/legislative assistants, the content of assistant work, sense of accomplishment from the work

自第七屆起立法委員減半為113席次，任期由3年改為4年，立法院已真正成為我國「單一國會」。隨之立法院的功能也就跟著大幅提升，所選出來的立法委員除了更具民意基礎之外，也得以充分反映民意和選民利益，同時隨著立法委員全面改選和席次增加後，除了依法編制的公務單位及行政人員襄助立法委員行使職權外，立法委員個人所聘用的公費助理人數較過去大幅提升，其能發揮的功能性，直接影響每一位委員的問政表現。 由於國會助理的聘期為一年一聘制，與立法委員同進退，因此，在非自願性離職的情況下，立法委員未連任或不再參選而離職的國會助理不在少數，另外也有因政治理念不合，或另覓更好的工作環境條件而自願離職的也佔大多數。然而第七屆立委減半後，直接衝擊最大的是近兩千名國會助理，面臨非自願性離職的失業潮，因此立法委員是否繼續連任，更是主要攸關助理們去留的命運。 本研究的主要動機，乃在於探討離職後的國會助理，在失去政治權力的環境下，應如何未雨綢繆做好生涯規劃？進而從非自願性失業的現象，深入探究國會助理制度的缺失。離職後的國會助理，從事哪方面的行業較容易得心應手？以及曾擔任國會助理工作的資歷，對轉業到底有多少的助益？將加以深入探討。 本研究目的主要是探討國會助理面對非自願性失業後，未來生涯規劃之情況；以及分析在失去國會權力光環的政治環境下，國會助理轉業後對目前的工作滿意；爾後根據研究結果，提供國會助理轉換跑道時之建議和參考。 本研究採質化研究之深度訪談法，總計訪談12位因委員未能順利連任當選第七屆立法委員，以致於非自願性失業的國會助理。經本研究結果發現如下： 一、雖有流動、不出委員範疇：第四屆至第六屆立委席次擴增為225席後，國會助理們會因為立委席次的增加，有多方面選擇委員辦公室的就業機會，因此助理流動率雖高，卻仍然始終在委員與委員辦公室之間流竄。 二、不適應者、回歸助理者眾：甚至有部分助理轉換至其他產業界後，在不能適應外界工作環境下，重返立法院繼續擔任國會助理工作的不在其數。 三、缺乏配套、助理權益難保：如今第七屆立委減半後，委員辦公室的選擇性減少，且由於委員辦公室助理流動率低，再加上立法院遲遲未能針對國會助理制度，訂定一套完整的配套措施，來保障國會助理應有的權益。 四、優勢蛻減、選擇不再戀棧：反觀之，在產官學界的工作條件（如：薪資、升遷、福利、教育訓練）優於國會助理的情況下，即使立委減半後，在僧多粥少的環境下，對於未來國會助理的評價與發展，仍抱持著悲觀的態度，助理們紛紛選擇不再戀棧立法院。 本研究根據研究發現，提出以下五點建議： 一、由於大多數國會助理認為此份工作並非長治久安，對於未來的生涯規劃，仍是需要按部就班的計畫。 二、卸任的立委諸公們，通常在自身難保的情況下，未能有計畫安排助理的出路，助理們只能自求多福，積極尋找適合何自己的下一個伯樂。 三、國會助理的行業雖不具有保障性，但在無形中所創造出自我的附加價值，將使其資歷在轉換其他行業時成為很大的助益。 四、國會助理所負責的工作內容複雜且繁瑣，可藉由工作接觸累積人脈，建立個人的人際關係。 五、未來可朝向「國會助理專業證照制度」發展，爾後再制定國會助理法治化之相關法令，來保障國會助理的權益，以提升立法委員問政。 / Legislative seats for the 7th Legislative Yuan were halved to 113 and the term was extended from original 3 to 4 years. The Legislative Yuan has ever since been the “Unicameralism”. As the congress is empowered in functions, the members of the Legislative Yuan will fully reflect the public’s opinions and voters’ interests. After the re-election and the increase in seats, aside from receiving help from the public service units and staff, the legislators also receive assistance from the increased numbers of publicly funded assistants. The function of those assistants will directly impact on the performance of the legislators. The term of assistants lasts one-year, and they lose their jobs if the legislators lose the re-election. The assistants who leave also include those whose legislators did not get re-elected or they themselves no longer are candidates of legislators, this leads to the fact that many assistants involuntarily leave their jobs. Those leave voluntarily might be because of the different political ideas or they seek for a better working environment. But the tremendous impact came from the unemployment of those nearly 2000 assistants who lost their jobs non-voluntarily after the 7th Legislative Yuan. The main motive of this study was to explore how those assistants plan for their lives after leaving current job. And from the phenomenon of involuntary unemployment, the study focused on the shortcoming of the congressional assistant system. It explored which industry was easier for assistants who left their jobs to enter, and how their career as an assistant can be useful for their next job. The main purpose of this study was to explore how the assistants plan for their lives after leaving the job involuntarily. It also analyzed the job satisfaction of the ex-assistants after leaving the congress. The research provided some suggestions and advices for the assistants who change track in their career. This study adopted the qualitative, in-depth interviews, in total 12 assistants were interviewed, who left their job involuntarily. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The increase in seats to 225 provided more job opportunities for the assistants, though the turnover rate was high, the assistant still worked in one of the offices in the congress. 2. There are many ex-assistants who could not adapt to the external environment returned to the congress. 3. The reduction of members of congress and the low turnover rate in the office after the 7th Legislative Yuan requires a supporting measure to protect the rights of assistants. 4. The external working conditions were better than the environments in congress. There were many assistants who chose not to stay in the Legislative Yuan. For example, in joining the academic, governmental or industrial community, the salary, benefits, promotion and training are better than what is offered in Legislative Yuan. Based on the research finding, the following five recommendations were proposed: 1. Since most assistants consider their current job is not a long-term career, they should plan their life in a more careful, step by step manner. 2. The non-incumbent legislators usually do not have a plan for the assistants while their own jobs are at risk. And assistants need to search for the next job by themselves. 3. The intangible added value of being assistants while they worked in the congress will help ex-assistants to adapt their next job. 4. The assistants’ job description includes being responsible for complex and tedious works, which will help them to develop personal relationships and connections. 5. In the future, the “Assistant Professional Certification” should be established. Relevant laws concerning the assistants should be passed to protect the rights of the assistants and to enhance quality of policy decisions made by the legislators.