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民進黨客家政策的政治果效 / Political effects of the Hakka policies under the DPP government曾棠君 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究關注民進黨在執政時期,實施的客家政策,與政策產出系統與客家族群之間的連結關係。在理論層面,本研究援引T.B.Smith的「政策執行力模式」的架構,檢証民進黨政府客家政策,提出兩個論點:第一、民進黨客家政策的規劃概念,主要來自「客家文化運動」時提出的宣言,符合T.B.Smith在「政策執行力模式」架構強調政策產出的初始動機,來自於社會民眾對現狀不滿而引發的情緒張力;第二、民進黨政府在客家政策實行後,得到客家族群在選舉上的支持,說明「政策執行力模式」架構中,政策執行的結果會「回饋」至政策產出系統。透過深度訪談與選舉結果的分析,本研究發現民進黨客家政策展現四大政治果效:一、「顯化」客家族群認同與「深化」族群意識,使客家民眾對自我族群身分在認同強度上的改變。二、客家政策的實施,使民進黨逐漸獲得客家群眾的支持與認同。三、拉引客家族群中,原先政黨認同程度較低、政治冷漠的「隱性」游離份子,對於其政治參與行為有所提升。四、客家政策的實施,使客家族群的「文化意識」覺醒,訴求政府對少數族群文化的保存,提出制度性的保障。
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「莫忘祖宗言!」:「後客運世代」面臨的「客家性」要求 / "Don't forget your mother tongue!": the cultural expectations that the post-movement generation of Hakka people has been required廖慧娟 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣自1980年代以來,興起了一波波的社會運動風潮,在這樣的歷史脈絡下,族群運動成為其中的一環。客籍菁英有感於自身語言文化所處的不利地位,乃透過社會運動的方式,提出訴求。二十多個年頭過去了,這些運動所造成的後果,可見的部分是官方族群政策的擬定與執行,不可見的部分則在於對於客家族群認同的文化要求。這類的文化期待隱含著血緣與認同的合一性,並且對於「怎麼做才合乎客家族群身份」,也有著本質化的想像。首當其衝的便是面對這些要求的客家年輕人。
然而,本文並不預設客家年輕人「天生」就應該有客家認同,或者應該要對客家「建立」認同感,而是以一種社會建構的觀點,試圖去理解已經觀察到的經驗現象:社會中對於客家的文化想像,是如何被建構起來的?而時常被這些客家文化框架要求的後生客家人,作為被框架要求的主體,他們如何去理解自身的客家經驗?透過本研究,我們發現後客運世代的客家人正處於某種歷史現實之中。他們的客家身份或輕或重地對他們的生活產生不等的影響,而他們的客家文化認同,也沿著世代、地域的軸線而產生分歧,然而,他們現階段所面對的客家文化期待,除了是一種同質化的文化要求,同時也是一種強調傳統卻又包含突兀創新的客家建構。這些要求所形成的文化框架,脫離了日常生活的層次,也窄化了人們對於客家的想像。因此,本文認為,唯有對客家抱持著開放性的文化想像,將差異納入思考,對於後生客家人也才能有更為務實的理解。 / There have been a lot of discussions about the ways how “the Hakka” or “Hakkaness” could be or should be understood and performed ever since the Taiwan Hakka Cultural Movement occurred in the late-1980s. It is implied that, with certain cultural imaginations, the Hakka would develop a new form of ethnic identity. Consequently, members of the Hakka people, especially those of the younger generation, have often been required to live a life that meets these imaginations and expectations.
This thesis aims to examine the historical-cultural process whereby the identity of “Hakkaness” has been culturally and socially constructed and to explore how the younger Hakka members born after the Hakka Cultural Movement have been interacting with these constructions. A contrast between the lifestyle expected or suggested in accordance with “Hakkaness” on the one hand and the life world experienced by the post-movement generation on the other is highlighted. Regional and generational differences of the “imagined” Hakka communities are discussed as well.
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客家動物諺語的隱喻表現 / Metaphor in Hakka Animal Proverbs徐韶君, Hsu, Shao Chun Unknown Date (has links)
人類如何傳達訊息?如何感知世界?人類認知概念從語言形式上看到概念隱喻,看到的不只是語言現象,是概念之間的互動,諺語即為隱喻現象豐富的語言形式之一。人類面對隱喻表現時,透過隱喻機制運作,以及文化背景影響,產生概念隱喻,利於人們理解,因而有諺語的形成。
Lakoff & Turner (1989) 提及人類與動物在物種階層上是密切的。本論文將以動物為取材,透過觀察客家動物諺語之隱喻表現,探究其中動物來源域和人類目標域間的互動。然而客家諺語中的動物隱喻是如何展現與客家文化的關係,藉由多源一義、一源多義的隱喻展現,以隱喻概念為基礎之分析,同時了解文化約制。進一步,以概念隱喻機制概述客家動物諺語在人類認知中如何運作,給予人類如何理解隱喻表現更完整的解釋。 / How do people communicate? In what way do we sense the world? Conceptual metaphor embedded in many language expressions are understood through conceptual correlations. Among the many language expressions, proverbs manifest a common kind of metaphor used in our daily life. Through uncovering the cognitive mechanisms operated in the metaphor of proverbs, we understand not only the language but also cultural thoughts.
This thesis investigates metaphor in Hakka animal proverbs. According to Lakoff &Turner (1989), humans and animals are highly related in species, both showing certain attributes and behaviors. Animal proverbs, often exhibiting animal attributes and behaviors, are used to carry certain social-pragmatic function of educating human beings. This study explores the conceptual metaphor of animal proverbs, generalizing the semantic features of animal source domains and the main themes of target domains. With the analysis of general patterns of the many‐sources‐to‐a‐target and a‐source‐to‐many-targets relationships of these proverbs, the study has not only shown how people understand animal metaphor in mind but also demonstrated Hakka cultural specifics in animal metaphor.
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