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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

日本動畫文本與日本昔話之關連—以《神隱少女》個案為例

周慕姿 Unknown Date (has links)
《神隱少女》是宮崎駿少數以日本本地為背景的故事,極富日本文化色彩,且連連獲獎,文化獨特性似乎成為它致勝的元素之一。宮崎駿曾提到:「《神隱少女》與其說是一般描寫異世界的故事,還不如說是日本『昔話』中出現的『麻雀之家』(雀の家) 或是『老鼠的宮殿』(鼠の御殿) 的『直系子孫』」。日本「昔話」乃為日本文化重要的一環,以日本「昔話」為參考文本的《神隱少女》,必然包含了豐富的日本昔話與日本文化元素。此外,日本學者間宮史子曾提到,日本昔話中的主角出發前往的地方,最常見的就是「異界」;而《神隱少女》即是一段人類踏上「異界」所發展的故事。因此本文將以日本民間故事的「異界」作為分析項目,分析《神隱少女》動畫文本中的「異界」形象意義,以及與日本民間故事的連結關係。
2

宮崎駿動畫中的少女意象:戰鬥美少女的觀點 / The Shōjo Images in Hayao Miyazaki's Animations: The Perspective of Battle Heroine

鄭聞文, Cheng, Wen Wen Unknown Date (has links)
當好萊塢式的超級英雄在全球影視文化圈刮起炫風之時,日本次文化中亦有一群「娘子軍」,推動了日本動畫、漫畫的發展,諸如《美少女戰士》、《新世紀福音戰士》,至2011年成為日本推動軟實力外交「Cool Japan」的主打動畫—《魔法少女小圓》,都展現了日本動漫市場被名為「戰鬥美少女」的角色(character)和文類(genre)所引領的實態。這些巾幗不讓鬚眉的「美少女」,是動漫畫中的戰鬥主體,卻擁有別於歐美文化中結合力與美的女超人及女戰士的特質,她們同時擁有戰鬥的能動性,在身體表象上又具有纖細瘦弱、容易受傷的受動性,更甚是成為男性觀眾的性慾客體、女性自我實現的投射。如此對「少女」的憧憬與操作慾,實乃根基於日本近代文化的一種特殊現象。 在日本動漫充斥著色情與暴力而為人詬病之時,宮崎駿動畫電影因其所蘊含的藝術價值而和我們認知中的「御宅動畫」產生一線之隔。作品中披荊斬棘、自力更生的女性形象讓人耳目一新,然仔細探究宮崎駿動畫的人物設計和敘事結構卻與上述類型動畫中的戰鬥美少女特質不謀而合,甚至其作品《風之谷》中的娜烏西卡更被譽為是替戰鬥美少女定型的元祖角色。因此,本研究擬梳理少女文化與戰鬥美少女的發展,並以宮崎駿自1984年起至2013年執導的十部長篇動畫電影為研究對象,檢視其作品在角色形塑上是否使用戰鬥美少女模式包裝其理想的「少女意象」,期以理解「少女」之於日本社會有何種意涵與價值。 本研究發現,宮崎駿動畫除了酷愛以「飛行」強調少女的神聖性,其去性化的純潔無垢的少女意象,更符合近代日本對少女所設下的社會框架,而在敘述手法上卻體現了日本文化中普遍具有的過度男性凝視與母性肥大的主題,從而證明戰鬥美少女實非顛覆父權的利器,反而加深了既有的性別刻板印象。 / While Hollywood’s superhero movies are blowing up entertainment industry all over the world, there is a kind of young female character toting weapon in Japanese subculture and promotes the development of Anime and Manga. From Sailor Moon to Neon Genesis Evangelion, also Puella Magi Madoka Magica, which played an important role in Japan’s foreign Policy titled “Cool Japan” in 2011, the Japanese animation industry seems to be led by this kind of character or genre called “Battle Heroine”. These girls are prepubescent and pretty, but not inferior to boys and man. Although they are different from western superwoman and female warrior shaped in Amazons, they still hold the initiative in theirs fights. In the same time, they also maintain the passivity came from their vulnerable bodies and naive personality. Therefore, the battle heroine turns to be an object of desire for male audiences or a projection of self-actualized for female audiences. In fact, such desire to manipulate young girls, who were named “Shōjo” in Japanese, was based on the culture of modern Japan and became a special social phenomenon in recent times. Despite the fact that Japanimation was condemned by public because of teeming with violence and pornography, it is no doubt that director Hayao Miyazaki is appreciated for the artistic value in his awarded animations and makes a fine line between his films and “otaku anime”. The woman images in his animations can be refreshing because of its independence and brave behavior. However, when we have made a careful study of character design and narrative structure in his works, we may found that there is a coincidence between these characters and battle heroines in otaku anime. Furthermore, Nausicaä in Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind is widely regarded as a stereotype of battle heroine. As a result, the thesis was intended to prioritize the development of Shōjo culture and battle heroine animations, and research whether Miyazaki attempted to shape female characters in battle heroine way to show his ideal Shōjo images or not among ten films directed during 1984 to 2013. Moreover, the meanings of Shōjo to Japanese were also discussed in this thesis. Throughout the research, I have found that Miyazaki tended to use “flying scene” to emphasize the deity of Shōjo characters, and the desexualized Shōjo images are familiar to the gender norms made in modern Japan. On the other side, the narrative approach of Miyazaki’s films revealed the exaggeration of maternal instinct and the redundancy of male gaze which have generally existed in Japanese culture. In my observation, these results proved that battle heroines are created to strengthen gender stereotypes instead of subverting the paternity rights.
3

Looking at Gender Stereotypes in Language Behaviour: Questions, Compliments, and Interruptions in the Films of Hayao Miyazaki

Meshcheryakova, Arina January 2022 (has links)
The films of Hayao Miyazaki have been praised world-wide for their strong female characters and their wide range of gender representation. While most of previous research has been focusing on narrative, in particular, characters’ social behaviour therein, or their visual appearance, this thesis aims to understand whether these praised films do challenge the usual gender stereotypes associated with contemporary Japanese society and popular fiction also linguistically. Specifically, it focuses on questions, compliments, and interruptions in a quantitative analysis examining the frequency of tagged language behaviour in female and male main characters. The results show that language behaviour associated with gender stereotypes – not only with regard to the Japanese society but the whole world – can be seen in the analysed films Lupin III: Castle of Cagliostro (1979), Kiki’s Delivery Service (1989), Spirited Away (2001) and Howl’s Moving Castle (2004). For a more complex understanding of the linguistic stereotypes in the films, this thesis argues that further research on the Japanese language and Japanese gender norms would be required. / 宮崎駿の映画は、強い女性の登場人物と幅広いジェンダーの象徴として、世界中で称賛されている。 先行研究の多くは、物語、特に登場人物の社会的行動や容姿に焦点を当てているが、本論文の目的は、 これらの映画が、現代日本社会と人気フィクション作品に関連する通常のジェンダー・ステレオタイ プに、言語面においてどのような関連性があるかを理解することにある。具体的には、相手に質問し たり、相手を褒めたり、相手の会話を遮る時における言葉の選択の仕方に焦点を当て、男女の主人公 における「言葉の選び方の違い」と「その言語選択がどのような状況で頻発に使用されるか」といっ た言語行動の頻発性の違いについて適量分析を用いて調べる。結果は、ジェンダーのステレオタイプ に関連する言語行動は、日本社会に特有のものではなく全世界に共通することが、分析対象とした映 画: 『ルパン三世 カリオストロの城(1979)』、『魔女の宅急便(1989)』、『千と千尋の神隠し (2001)』、『ハウルの動く城(2004)』から確認できた。本論文では、これらの映画における言 語的ステレオタイプをより理解するためには、日本語と日本のジェンダー規範をより深く研究すべき であるとの見解に至った。 / Hayao Miyazaki’s filmer har hyllats världen över för deras starka kvinnliga karaktärer och breda inkludering av könsrepresentation. Medan majoriteten av tidigare forskning har fokuserat på narrativet, i synnerlighet karaktärernas sociala beteende, eller deras utseende, syftar den här kandidatuppsatsen till att förstå huruvida dessa hyllade filmer utmanar de vanliga könsstereotyper associerade med nutida Japan och genrelitteratur även lingvistiskt. Specifikt så fokuserar den på frågor, komplimanger, och avbrytande genom en kvantitativ analys som undersöker frekvensen av utvalda språkliga beteenden hos kvinnliga och manliga huvudkaraktärer. Resultatet visar att språkligt beteende associerat med könsstereotyper – inte endast avgränsat till Japan men för hela världen – kan ses i de analyserade filmerna Slottet i Cagliostro (1979), Kikis expressbud (1989), Spirited Away (2001) och Det levande slottet (2004). För en mer komplex förståelse av de lingvistiska stereotyperna i filmerna, menar den här uppsatsen att det japanska språket och japanska könsnormer bör undersökas vidare.

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