人文與社會科學引用資料類型反映了人文社會科學研究者的資料使用行為，進而突顯其出版作品之資料類型的重要性。學術研究之發展會隨著時間的進展而發生變化，因此，本研究以2000年與2009年為主要研究範圍，以二個年代加以比較各學科引用資料類型之差異。探討各學科引用文獻之資料類型、各學科引用圖書與期刊之變化及其是否因期刊性質與年代不同而有差異。所以，本研究亦將探討各學科期刊引用文獻老化現象，並進一步以期刊性質與年代加以比較，期能幫助研究人員與專家學者對於人文社會科學領域使用資料之行為更加了解，並協助圖書館館藏發展與管理的工作。 研究結果如下：1.人文與社會科學引用參考文獻分析(1)人文學以圖書為主要引用資源，社會科學以期刊為主；(2)評述型期刊的引用文獻數量較高；(3)人文學科的研究型期刊與評述型期刊多引用圖書資源，社會科學中多引用期刊資源；(4)不同年代的人文學評述型期刊與研究型期刊主要引用資料為圖書、期刊；社會科學不同年代的研究型期刊主要引用圖書及期刊資源，評述型期刊引用較多的是圖書與電子資源。2.人文與社會科學引用文獻老化現象呈現出(1)被引用圖書的文獻老化時間較長，其中又以人文學的圖書文獻老化所需時間比較多；(2)人文學的引用圖書資源的出版年份久遠，近期與過去出版的文獻皆有引用，文獻老化程度較不顯著；(3)人文學各學科的被引用期刊半衰期可達13年至19年；另一方面，社會科學各學科被引用期刊半衰期可達7年至19年間；(4)研究型期刊之文獻老化現象中，人文學科的引用年代偏向年代較早的文獻，傾向引用6年至22年的參考文獻作研究，而社會科學者經常引用出版6至11年的文獻；(5)評述型期刊之人文學科的引用年代傾向於引用12年間的參考文獻作研究，而社會學科學者經常引用出版8至10年的文獻；(6)研究表現出研究型和評述型期刊的類型並不完全影響該學科的文獻老化程度。 本研究結果可應用於規畫重要的期刊文獻類型，有助於圖書館或相關研究單位評估人文與社會科學的相關館藏是否足以支援研究，並且藉由與其他領域的老化速度之比較，作為為採購資料之時效性以及期刊裝訂時的必要考量。同時可將研究分析應用於人文社會科學學者的學術資訊需求與特性，藉以提供研究人員完善的資訊服務，由文獻老化速度可以知道學科的發展情形，可作為人文與社會科學學者館藏研究規劃之參考。 / The Humanities and Social Sciences reference categories reflect the use of information of the researchers and highlight the importance of the publication categories. The development of academic research changes over time. Therefore, taking 2000 and 2009 as the major research areas, the study compares the difference between each discipline referring categories. The study also researches the references patterns of different disciplines, the change of referring monographs and journals in different disciplines, and whether they change the pattern due to the transformation and aging of these reference books and journals. Consequently, this study will also probe into the Literature Obsolescence in various references categories of different disciplines, and furthermore to compare the nature and years of journals, hoping to help researchers and experts in humanities and social sciences to understand the information research behavior better and to assist the Library collection development and management. The results are as follows: 1.The analysis of Citation and Reference in Humanities and Social Sciences (1)the humanities mostly refer to monograph, and the social sciences mostly journal; (2)Review journal is in a higher number of citations; (3) research and review journals of Humanities cites more monograph resources, and social science journals resources; (4)Reference materials of review and research Journals of Humanities in different generations are mainly monographs and periodicals; research journals if social sciences in different years more cites in monographs and periodicals, while review periodicals prefer to reference more monograph and electronic resources. 2. Humanities and Social Sciences Citation Literature Obsolescence reveals that (1)the cited monographs take longer for obsolescence, among which monographs in Humanities take more time; (2) the cited monographs in humanities has published from long time ago. Cited recent and past literature, citation literature of aging are less significant. (3) The half-life of the cited journal of each discipline in the humanities is up to 13-19 years. On the other hand, the half-life of Journal reference in social sciences disciplines are up to 7-19 years; (4) About the Literature Obsolescence of research journals, the humanities tend to the refer literatures in earlier years, from past 6 to 22 years, while the Social Sciences often cited published literature published from 6 to 11 years ago; (5) Review journals in the humanities tend to quote the reference materials of past 12 years for research, and social science scholars frequently cited literatures published from 8 to 10 years ago; (6) The study demonstrated the research and the review types of periodicals are not completely affect the academic literature aging. The results can be applied to planning an important type of journal, contributing to the libraries or related research units to assess if the humanities and social sciences collection sufficient to support. Furthermore, by the comparison of other areas in speed of aging, this study also can be a necessary measurement for the timeliness of procurement and for the periodicals binding. Meanwhile, the analysis can be applied to the behavior and characteristics of academic information requirement of humanities and social sciences scholars, in order to provide researchers a complete information services. From the speed of Literature Obsolescence, scholars can acknowledge the development of a subject. It can be used as the reference in humanities and social sciences collection planning.

本研究旨在針對WoS、Scopus、CSSCI、CCD、TSSCI、THCI與ACI等七個引文索引資料庫，觀察與統計現有引文索引資料庫之系統文獻來源、查詢功能、索引欄位、輸出欄位、引文分析功能及其檢索結果分析與個人化功能等，藉此瞭解現有引文索引資料庫之現況與不足之處，並輔以資料庫使用者、圖書館館員以及資料庫建置專家之訪談，瞭解建置人文社會科學引文索引資料庫之阻礙、後續維護管理問題、推廣問題以及與國際接軌之建議作法，進而對人文社會科學引文索引資料庫的建置提出建議。 　　本研究結果歸納如下：（1）系統文獻來源為綜合性較佳，較能建構出較完整的引文網路。（2）查詢功能、索引欄位、輸出欄位、引文分析、檢索結果分析與個人化功能宜參考WoS、Scopus與CCD三個建置較齊全之資料庫，提供使用者較全面的系統功能。（3）建置阻礙包括參考文獻引文格式的差異問題、拖刊問題、選刊問題、建檔的人力與資源問題、以及名稱的權威檔等問題。（4）後續維護管理問題包括人力與經費、資料庫的推廣、資料庫所採取的營運模式問題、資料的來源問題、以及引文資料的建檔問題。（5）若欲推廣資料庫，必須建置功能及內容完整之資料庫，讓使用者感受到資料庫的查詢具有引文網路的架構。（6）資料庫在建置時就須參考國外資料庫在處理引文資料庫時所注重的重點，例如各項索引與輸出欄位等，將來與國外接軌或合併的可行性才有可能提高。 　　本研究結果可供期刊出版商提升自我品質之參考，亦可對建置人文社會科學引文索引資料庫各項系統功能提出建置建議，希冀有朝一日能建置出媲美國外大型引文索引資料庫的臺灣人文社會科學引文索引資料庫。 / Citation index databases have been explored and made impact on academic research for several decades. The Web of Science (WOS) of Thomson Reuters ISI is one of the most well-known citation databases in the world, and the Scopus of Elsevier is also a famous citation databases. In addition, the Mainland China has also developed Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) database and Chinese Citation Database (CCD) since recent twenty years. Under the sponsorship of the National Science Council in Taiwan, the Taiwan Social Science Research Center established the Taiwan Social Sciences Citation Index (TSSCI) database in 1996 and the Center for Humanities Research built up Taiwan Humanities Citation Index (THCI) database in 1999. On the other hand, Airiti Incorporation has developed Academic Citation Index (ACI). However, the application of TSSCI, THCI and ACI reveals many design flaws and use limitations for both databases, some search functions are different and not available, and it is therefore difficult for users to get information through the same search interface. It is truly important to construct an integrate citation index database for Taiwan humanity and social science researchers. Working with an information service company, the purpose of the present study is to propose a design plan to establish a Taiwan humanity and social science citation database. 　　The following issues will be investigated in this study: 1. Collecting source literature and citation literature from humanity and social science journals publishing by Taiwan academic institutes. 2. Designing the structure of citation index system, types and contents of the database. 3. Setting up the standards for description on database fields. 4. Developing the basic, advanced and other information retrieval functions. 5. Seeking for the integration with WoS to fulfill the goal of information resources sharing and the promotion of global visualization. 6. Building the quantitative indicator for evaluating the humanity and social science research.

偵測新興議題對於研究者而言是一個相當重要的問題，研究者如何在有限的時間和資源下探討同一領域內的新興議題將比解決已經成熟的議題帶來較大的貢獻和影響力。本研究將致力於協助研究者偵測新興且具有未來潛力的研究議題，並且從學術論文中探究對於研究者在做研究中有幫助的學術智慧。在搜尋可能具有研究潛力的議題時，我們假設具有研究潛力的議題將會由同一領域中較具有影響力的作者和刊物發表出，因此本研究使用貝式估計的方法去推估同一領域中相關的研究者和學術刊物對於該領域的影響力，進而藉由這些資訊可以找出未來具有潛力的新興候選議題。此外就我們所知的議題偵測文獻中對於認定一個議題是否已經趨於成熟或者是否新穎且具有研究的潛力仍然缺乏有效及普遍使用的衡量工具，因此本研究試圖去發展有效的衡量工具以評估議題就本身的發展生命週期是否仍然具有繼續投入的學術價值。 本研究從許多重要的資料庫中挑選了和資料探勘和資訊檢索相關的論文並且驗證這些在會議論文中所涵蓋的議題將會領導後續幾年期刊論文相似的議題。此外本研究也使用了一些已經存在的演算法並且結合這些演算法發展一個檢測的流程幫助研究者去偵測學術論文中的領導趨勢並發掘學術智慧。本研究使用貝式估計的方法試圖從已經發表的資訊和被引用的資訊來建構估計作者和刊物的影響力的事前機率與概似函數，並且計算出同一領域重要的作者和刊物的影響力，當這些作者和刊物的論文發表時將會相對的具有被觀察的價值，進而檢定這些新興候選議題是否會成為新興議題。而找出的重要研究議題雖然已經縮小探索的範圍，但是仍然有可能是發展成熟的議題使得具有影響力的作者和刊物都必須討論，因此需要評估議題未來潛力的指標或工具。然而目前文獻中對於評估議題成熟的方法僅著重在議題的出現頻率而忽視了議題的新穎度也是重要的指標，另一方面也有只為了找出新議題並沒有顧及這個議題是否具有未來的潛力。更重要的是單一的使用出現頻率的曲線只能在議題已經成熟之後才能確定這是一個重要的議題，使得這種方法成為落後的指標。 本研究試圖提出解決這些困境的指標進而發展成衡量新興議題潛力的方法。這些指標包含了新穎度指標、發表量指標和偵測點指標，藉由這些指標和曲線可以在新興議題的偵測中提供更多前導性的資訊幫助研究者去建構各自領域中新興議題的偵測標準。偵測點所代表的意義並非這個議題開始新興的正確日期，它代表了這個議題在自己發展的生命週期上最具有研究的潛力和價值的時間點，因此偵測點會根據後來的蓬勃發展而在時間上產生遞延的結果，這表示我們的指標可以偵測出議題生命力的延續。相對於傳統的次數分配曲線可以看出議題的崛起和衰退，本研究的發表量指標更能以生命週期的概念去看出議題在各個時間點的發展潛力。本研究希望從這些過程中所發現的學術智慧可以幫助研究者建構各自領域的議題偵測標準，節省大量人力與時間於探究新興議題。本研究所提出的新方法不僅可以解決影響因子這個指標的缺點，此外還可以使用作者和刊物的影響力去針對一個尚未累積任何索引次數的論文進行潛力偵測，解決Google 學術搜尋目前總是在論文已經被很多檢索之後才能確定論文重要性的缺點，學者總是希望能夠領先發現重要的議題或論文。然而，我們以議題為導向的檢索方法相信可以更確實的滿足研究者在搜尋議題或論文上的需求。 / This research presents endeavors that seek to identify the emerging topics for researchers and pinpoint research intelligence via academic papers. It is intended to reveal the connection between topics investigated by conference papers and journal papers which can help the research decrease the plenty of time and effort to detect all the academic papers. In order to detect the emerging research topics the study uses the Bayesian estimation approach to estimate the impact of the authors and publications may have on a topic and to discover candidate emerging topics by the combination of the impact authors and publications. Finally the research also develops the measurement tools which could assess the research potential of these topics to find the emerging topics. This research selected huge of papers in data mining and information retrieval from well-known databases and showed that the topics covered by conference papers in a year often leads to similar topics covered by journal papers in the subsequent year and vice versa. This study also uses some existing algorithms and combination of these algorithms to propose a new detective procedure for the researchers to detect the new trend and get the academic intelligence from conferences and journals. The research uses the Bayesian estimation approach and citation analysis methods to construct the prior distribution and likelihood function of the authors and publications in a topic. Because the topics published by these authors and publications will get more attention and valuable than others. Researchers can assess the potential of these candidate emerging topics. Although the topics we recommend decrease the range of the searching space, these topics may so popular that even all of the impact authors and publications discuss it. The measurement tools or indices are need. But the current methods only focus on the frequency of subjects, and ignore the novelty of subjects which is critical and beyond the frequency study or only focus one of them and without considering the potential of the topics. Some of them only use the curve of published frequency will make the index as a backward one. This research tackles the inadequacy to propose a set of new indices of novelty for emerging topic detection. They are the novelty index (NI) and the published volume index (PVI). These indices are then utilized to determine the detection point (DP) of emerging topics. The detection point (DP) is not the real time which the topic starts to be emerging, but it represents the topic have the highest potential no matter in novelty or hotness for research in its life cycle. Different from the absolute frequent method which can really find the exact emerging period of the topic, the PVI uses the accumulative relative frequency and tries to detect the research potential timing of its life cycle. Following the detection points, the intersection decides the worthiness of a new topic. Readers following the algorithms presented this thesis will be able to decide the novelty and life span of an emerging topic in their field. The novel methods we proposed can improve the limitations of impact factor proposed by ISI. Besides, it uses the impact power of the authors and the publication in a topic to measure the impact power of a paper before it really has been an impact paper can solve the limitations of Google scholar’s approach. We suggest that the topic oriented thinking of our methods can really help the researchers to solve their problems of searching the valuable topics.