資訊檢索(Information Retrieval)一直是資訊學界的重要研究領域，但長久以來並未能在其它的學門中發揮其重要性，然而藉由Internet的普及與網路資源的激增，以資訊檢索為基礎的網路搜尋技術，已逐漸成為Internet上相當受到重視的技術之一。雖然全文資訊檢索的技術已存在多時，然而電腦產業一直缺乏一廣泛標準的績效評估，來評估全文資訊檢索系統的產出及價格/效能比，1990年代對全文資訊檢索軟體的大量需求，極需要一個標準、一致的方法，來比較各系統間效能的差異。本研究即針對傳播中文全文資訊檢索資料庫系統為探討的主題，試圖以關連式資料庫績效評估的理論及方法，來建構其工作量模式以進行績效評估。 / Information Retrieval has been a important research domain in Information academic. But it does not play in the other domain for a long time. However the Internet search technology based on Information Retrieval has been an one of the important technologies in the Internet by the spreading of Internet and the growth of network resources. Although the Full-Text Information Retrieval or Free-Text Information Retrieval technology has existed for a long time, the computer industry was lack of a wide, standard benchmark to evaluate the throughput and price/performance of the Full-Text Information Retrieval System. The large demand for Full-Text Information Retrieval System or Free-Text Information Retrieval System software needs a standard method to compare the performance of each system in 90s. This research is focused on the Communication Free-Text Information Retrieval Database System in Chinese, and construct it’s workload model to evaluate by using the theory and method of Relational Database Benchmark.

對於大部分的人而言，寫作是一種深度的表達過程，需要詳盡而深入的描述能力及精準而嚴謹的語意呈現。對於非英語為母語的學習者(ESL/EFL)來說，英語寫作尤其是一個困難的過程，常常會因為單字、搭配字(collocation)、句型結構等方面的認知不足，或是受到母語認知的牽制影響，而造成用詞、語法、甚至語意的錯誤。 近年來，語料庫的發展帶來了豐富的語言資源，不僅可以對語言的使用提供許多統計分析上的資訊，也可以做為語言學習者在特定詞語使用上的參照對象。目前語料庫的詞語使用參照以concordance技術為主，提供以特定字詞為基準的上下文例句排列，這種功能對ESL/EFL學習者於寫作過程所提供的參照仍然相當有限；而對於不同的查詢條件，若沒有良善的輸入和比對機制，往往搜尋上的數量和例句品質無法滿足學習者的參照需求；除此之外，對於檢索結果語料庫也沒有評估與排序的概念，學習者往往需要在大量的資訊中篩選出有用的資訊；綜觀以上幾點，目前語料庫技術無法滿足不同程度的ESL/EFL寫作者在參照協助上的需求。 本研究提出一種文句推薦方法，針對ESL/EFL寫作者在寫作過程上的認知不足或不確定，從語料庫中尋找出可用的參照例句，進而提供針對性的協助。我們的文句推薦方法包含三個模組，第一模組是一個彈性的表達元素模組，能針對寫作過程中的語言資訊需求，以規定的表達元素呈現作者的認知需求。第二模組是一個檢索模組，指從語料庫中比對尋找符合作者語意需求的例句。第三模組是一個排序的模組，針對找出的例句，評估其符合作者語意需求的程度，並將之排序，以提升例句參照的使用效率。 本研究依據文句推薦方法實做雛形系統，以British National Corpus和科學人雜誌語料庫(Science America)當例句來源，並依據論文的客觀評估和學習者的問卷調查兩種評估方式來評量雛形系統的成效。經由上述兩種評估方式，本研究驗證雛形系統能針對ESL/EFL於寫作過程中給予一定程度的協助成效，證明本研究的文句推薦方法確實能達成寫作協助的既定目標。 / For most people, writing is a process of profundity. It requires well description of capabilities and excellent semantic of representations. For ESL/EFL (English as a Second Language/English as a Foreign Language) learners, English writing is a particularly difficult process. They have error in words, syntax or semantics because their expressions are constrained by their mother tongue or by lacking of the awareness of vocabularies, collocation, or sentence-structures. In recent years, according to the development of corpus technique, we have rich resource in language. The resource can not only provide many statistical analyses of informations in language research but also can be used as a reference in the use of specific words for the learners. Current corpus technique use concordance which displays the words with their surrounding text to present sentences, but that approach provides very limited references in the writing process for ESL/EFL learners. Also considering the different inquired queries, if we have no well-defined input and retrieval module, the quantity and quality of results could not meet the demand for the learners. In addition, corpus technique doesn’t provide the ranking and evaluating skills to the retrieval results. As a result of that, learners often require filtering a large number of information to find something useful. In view of the above points, current corpus technique is unable to satisfy different degrees of ESL/EFL learners in the writing process. This paper presents a Sentence Recommendation Approach technique. With regard to the inadequate knowledge in the writing process for ESL/EFL learners, we search for useful sentences from the corpus and provide them to learners. Our Sentence Recommendation Approach technique has three modules: one is Expression Element Module. It allows the learners to use some expression elements to represent their demand. Another is Retrieval Module. It means the process of searching the corresponding sentences based on the expression elements in Expression Element Module. The last is Sort Module. It means the process of ranking the results derived from the Retrieval Module. Our research establishes the experimental system to verify the performance of our Sentence Recommendation Approach technique. We use British National Corpus and Science America Corpus for the source of sentences. The evaluation is divided into our objective evaluation and the questionnaire evaluation. Both of them prove that our experimental system does some favor in the writing process for ESL/EFL learners. In other words, our Sentence Recommendation Approach technique really helps the learners in the writing process.

本研究目的旨在探討教育系碩士班研究生多次檢索相關判斷變化之情形，研究過程蒐集使用者的多次檢索相關判斷之結果，並分析相關判斷之變化方式：影響相關判斷變化之因素，及變化方式、變化因素與研究對象的關聯性。 本研究在研究方法上採文獻分析法、問卷調查法及訪談法，研究對象以12位國立合灣師範大學教育系碩士班研究生撰寫學期報告為例進行實證研究，研究過程由研究者代理進行多次檢索，檢索結果由使用者進行相關判斷。 多次檢索相關判斷之變化，經由實證研究的結果發現：多次檢索現象之成立；多吹檢索相關判斷之結果趨向「部分相關」，其中以中度相關最多；相關判斷隨著多次檢索次數增加，從中、高度相關至中、低度相關的部分相關朝向二極化；多次檢索相關判斷之變化方式，在二吹相關判斷變化主要傾向「下降」的變化方式，三次相關判斷變化主要傾向「持續不變」的變化方式，四次相關判斷變化主要傾向以「前二次相關判斷傾向維持不變」的變化方式為主；影響相關判斷變化的兩大主因為「主題聚焦」及「文獻內容」，前者可讓使用者逐漸釐清檢索問題，後者可加強使用者對主題的了解，二大主因呈現研究過程中的變動狀態；影響使用者相關判斷變化由低度相關轉為完全不相關(2→1)的變化因素最可能為「主題聚焦」；多數使用者在相關判斷的變化方式上傾向低度相關轉為完全不相關(2→1)或中度相關轉為低度相關(3→2)的偏好，而多數的研究對象產生相關判斷變化的主要因素為「主題聚焦」及「文獻內容」。

本研究針對半導體產業，提供一智慧型搜尋功能，讓使用者在大量資料中能快速及準確地搜尋。為達此目的，本研究中定義知識空間及其組成元素，並發展一組程式以產生該知識空間及知識空間搜尋機制，以提升使用者生產力。所使用到的技術包含：(1)建立知識本體，(2)計算兩詞彙同時出現頻率，(3)計算詞彙與文件關聯度，(4)發展知識空間搜尋環境。 / This study aims to provide an intelligent searching environment which users can search quickly and precisely from a large number of documents in semiconductor industry. In order to achieve the purpose, this paper defines a knowledge space and its composition elements to describe the knowledge of real world, and then develops a program to shorten the searching cost by providing the searching mechanism based on knowledge space. The techniques used in this study includes：(1) Construct 「Semiconductor Industry Ontology」(2) Compute the frequency of two terms appearing simultaneously (3) Compute the interrelatedness between terms and documents (4) Develop searching environment based on knowledge space.

本研究主要在瞭解國內歷史檔案館藏於Web 環境中建置的規劃過程與執行內涵，主要以國內現正進行國科會「數位典藏國家型科技計畫」且已規劃建置Web檔案檢索系統的中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館為研究對象，探討其Web檔案檢索系統之建置內涵。本研究雖係以近史所檔案館為例，但期望藉由對該館建置經驗之探討，提供國內各歷史檔案主管與典藏單位參考。研究目的包括：探討Web環境中歷史檔案館藏檢索系統建置工作的內涵、Web檔案檢索系統介面的功能與特性、使用者對檔案檢索系統的使用習慣、模式與需求情形，並針對檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員之Web檔案檢索系統建置作業思維觀點予以並列比較，進而與使用者之檔案資訊檢索需求進行對照比較，作為國內歷史檔案館藏Web檢索系統設計與建置之參考。 　　本研究採用深度訪談法，首先以近史所檔案館「近代外交與經濟重要檔案數位典藏計畫」為主要研究範圍，對該館工作人員進行訪談，並以參與該館系統建置之中研院計算機中心的資訊技術人員為訪談對象，此外亦針對外交檔案的使用者進行訪談，以便對相關的研究問題進行探討；並採用比較法，針對檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員於Web檔案檢索系統建構之思維進行對照比較，並依據使用者對Web檔案檢索系統之需求與建置觀點進行剖析。最後將檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員對系統功能建置之觀點與使用者之觀點進行對照比較，以綜合觀點比較歸納出Web環境中檔案檢索系統的重要特性與功能。 　　研究結果，本研究分別從「系統建構」與「使用者需求」兩個面向提出研究結論。於系統建構面向得出結論為：（一）檔案描述著錄方面：訂定檔案著錄系統建置方針、協調統整既有作業情境與著錄系統間的作業流程、因應檔案描述著錄作業所面臨的問題；（二）檔案權威控制方面：檔案權威控制方案效能的比較、權威檔合作建置可行性與方案的抉擇評估；（三）檔案傳輸互通標準方面：重視國際相關標準的採用與整合檢索的重要性、研擬訂定核心欄位促成聯合目錄與整合檢索之實現；（四）Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面方面：訂定Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面設計原則、Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面的功能規劃、妥善進行Web檔案檢索系統的營運管理；（五）檔案資訊加值檢索之作法方面：配合國中、高中教科書內容增加主題檔案介紹，進行系統使用者Log檔統計分析並進行檔案使用者資訊檢索行為研究，結合學術領域研究人員人力投入以進行檔案深度描述，運用資訊技術以提昇加值檢索之效能與服務之強化；（六）Web環境中歷史檔案檢索系統發展趨勢方面：藉由觀摩國內外其他單位之規劃建置並掌握重點，由網頁得知他館的經驗分享進而交流合作，與資訊技術人員密切交流以有助於系統的規劃建置。於使用者需求面向則分別從「使用者對Web檔案檢索系統的觀點與使用經驗」及「使用者對Web檔案檢索系統資訊檢索需求內涵分析」兩方面做成結論。有關使用者對Web檔案檢索系統的觀點與使用經驗方面，分別就檔案使用者資訊素養、使用經驗、檔案查詢途徑與使用方式、檔案資訊檢索整體需求、檔案檢索查詢項目使用需求情形、檔案資訊檢索心得觀感、檢索時所遭遇的問題以及對Web檔案檢索系統之期許等提列結論。而有關使用者對Web檔案檢索系統資訊檢索需求內涵分析方面，則以整體架構需求面向、資訊內涵需求面向、資訊檢索功能面向、資訊輸出功能面向、資訊顯示功能面向、檢索點需求面向等提列結論。 　　根據研究結果，本研究分別從「系統建構」與「使用者需求」兩個面向提出建議。於系統建構面向之建議包括：（一）訂定數位典藏與資訊檢索系統建置的相關標準；（二）建立一專門彙整缺字處理方案的官方正式網站；（三）建立一個累積資訊技術發展成果的知識庫；（四）運用「全宗原則」、採行「控制層次」進行檔案描述著錄；（五）合作建置檔案權威資料庫；（六）遵循檔案傳輸互通標準以因應內部與對外整合檢索之需求；（七）進行Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面整體規劃；（八）進行檔案資訊加值檢索方案之規劃；（九）研擬訂定核心欄位，儘速促成聯合目錄與整合檢索之實現。於使用者需求面向之建議則包括：（一）建立整合性歷史檔案查詢網站；（二）運用資訊技術與人工智能分析以強化檔案資訊內涵分析；（三）提供個人化檔案資訊檢索服務；（四）研擬並發展加值檢索方案。 / This study aims at understanding the planning process and the implementation of web-based historical archive construction in Taiwan by investigating the National Digital Archives Program that is being run by the National Science Council (NSC) and the contents of construction of the achieves of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, whose retrieval system was completed. Though the study was based on modern history archives, it is hoped that the study can be a reference of construction for competent units and owners of history archives. The objective of the study is to investigate the contents of construction of Chinese web-based retrieval systems for historical archives; their functions and characteristics; and the habits, behavioral patterns and needs of users. A contrastive study between thoughts and opinions of web-based retrieval system construction of archive crews and IT personnel and the needs of users has been conducted to provide a reference for planning and construction of web-based retrieval system for history archives in Taiwan. 　　In-depth interviews were conducted with librarians in charge of the Digital Archives of the Diplomatic and Economic Records in Modern History Project, and with IT personnel of the Computer Center of Academia Sinica engaging in the construction of the archival system. Moreover, users of diplomatic files were interviewed for related topics. A comparison of the thoughts and opinions on web-based retrieval system of archive crews and IT personnel has been conducted. Needs and views of users have been analyzed. Finally, a contrastive study between the views on system function construction of archive crews and IT personnel and the opinions of users has been conducted in order to find out the important characteristics and functions of we-based Chinese archive retrieval systems. 　　Based on the research findings, conclusions were made from the following two aspects: system construction and user needs. System constructions are: (1) file description and recording: establishing construction policies for file recording systems, coordinating and integrating the operation workflow of the existing operation environment and recording system, and responding to problems arising out of file description and recording; (2) file authority control: comparing the efficiency of file authority control solutions, and selecting and evaluating the feasibility and solution of collaborative construction of authoritative files; (3) file transfer protocol: focusing on the importance of international protocols and integrated retrieval, and drafting core columns to promote the realization of joint indexing and integrated retrieval; (4) web-based retrieval system user interface: drawing out principles of design for the user interface of web-based retrieval systems, planning functions for the user interface of web-based retrieval systems, and applying reliable operation management of web-based retrieval systems; (5) handling of value-added retrieval of file information: enriching topic file introduction in accordance with junior and senior high school textbooks, producing statistics on and analyzing system user log files and studying the information retrieval pattern of users, combining the manpower of researchers to produce depth description of files, and enhancing the efficiency and optimizing the service of value-added retrieval with information technology; and (6) the trend of Chinese web-based retrieval systems of historical archives: sharing the experience in planning and construction of other archives home and abroad and promoting exchange and cooperation with them over the web, and making close contacts with IT personnel to facilitate system planning and construction. Conclusions on user needs were made according to “the user’s views and experiences of uses of web-based file retrieval systems” and “analysis on the contents of user’s needs for web-based file retrieval system”. Regarding user’s views on and experiences of uses for web-based file retrieval systems, conclusions were reached according to the user’s information attainments, experience of system uses, paths and manners of file retrieval, overall requirements for file and information retrieval, use of options in file retrieval systems, comments on file and information retrieval, problems encountered in retrieving files and information, and expectations from web-based file retrieval systems. As to the analysis of the contents of user’s needs for web-based file retrieval system of users, conclusions have been drawn according to the needs for overall framework; information contents; information retrieval functions; information output functions; information display functions; and information retrieval. 　　Based on the research findings, suggestions have been made according to “system construction” and “user needs”. Suggestions about system construction include: (1) establishing standards for digital archives and information retrieval systems; (2) setting up an official website for processing characters that do not exist in regular font sets; (3) developing a knowledge base for accumulating IT development achievements; (4) describing and recording files with “level control” according to the “principle of respect des fonds”; (5) constructing a file authority database under collaboration; (6) following the file transfer protocols to meet the requirements of internal and external integrated retrievals; (7) making plans for the user interface of web-based file retrieval systems; (8) working out solutions for value-added file and information retrieval; and (9) drawing out central columns and promoting the realization of joint indexing and retrieval. Suggestions about user needs include: (1) establishing an integrated historical archive inquiry website; (2) applying IT and AI to strengthen file and information content analysis; (3) providing personalized file and information retrieval services; and (4) drawing out and developing value-added retrieval solutions.

隨著電腦以及網際網路的普及，越來越多各領域的資料被數位化，利用電腦幫助儲存及管理資料。有許多資料在數位化的過程中，採用tree的資料結構來表達以及儲存。也因此，如何查詢這些龐大的資料，就成為重要的課題。在本論文中，我們針對具有rooted、labeled以及ordered或unordered等特性的tree結構資料的索引問題，提出稱之為PCS-trie之全新的主記憶體資料庫(Main Memory Database)索引結構，並提出相關的增刪資料及搜尋演算法，以達成加速處理sub-tree query之目標。此索引方法的基礎，在於將tree database中的tree編碼為可完整代表其結構的PREOD code字串，之後再以我們所提出的PCS-trie加以索引。PCS-trie索引結構支援資料庫的動態增刪，且我們也提供了有效率的新增及刪除資料的演算法。本論文中也提出了多種搜尋演算法，使能夠在PCS-trie中進行exact matching、處理query tree含有don’t care部分之查詢、以及fault tolerant等不同類型的查詢。最後，我們以實驗的方法，配合人工產生的實驗資料，來對PCS-trie索引方法的時間及空間等各方面的效率加以檢驗。 / With the popularization of computer and the Internet, more and more data in various domains are digitized in order to take advantage of the power of computing and storing, and use the Internet to spread these informationz. Many data use tree structure to store them in the process of digitization. For this reason, it is a challenge to deal with these enormous data. In this paper, we present an approach to the search problem for these rooted labeled trees. We show a novel index structure, PREOD code Search trie (PCS-trie), and related algorithms for construction and search of PCS-trie, to speed up the sub-tree query to a tree database. The fundamental of this reaseach is to encode trees in tree database by PREOD code, in which the structure information of a tree can be reserved completely. Then we index these PREOD codes by PCS-trie. PCS-trie supports dynamic insertion and deleteion of PREOD codes. PCS-trie can handle three different types of query requirements: exact sub-tree query, query with don’t cares, and fault-tolerant query. Finally, we have conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of PCS-trie and related algorithms. Experimental results obtained by running our techniques on synthetic data demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approach.

教育部自九十年度起實施九年一貫英語教學課程，由於學生程度不一，班級人數過多，教學媒體不足，研究報告指出應該成立英語教學資源中心，提高教師教學品質，規劃線上輔助教學，以增進學生學習機會及學習效果。 本研究從知識管理角度探索英語線上輔助教學，建構英語教學內容知識結構模式及教學知識流程架構；俾使線上教學具備語意查詢機制，開啟英語線上輔助教學創新模式。 英語教學內容知識框架（English Content Knowledge Ontology）抽象化類別具多重之階層、對等及相依關係。將內容知識抽象化類別實體化，其類別與實體之集合，即為本範例所建構之知識框架。 本研究引介物件導向，視內容知識為一個物件，具有不同之狀態及行為；將狀態與行為封裝，物件與物件間藉由訊息進行協調動作，達成整體運作之功能。學生亦為學習流程中一個物件，具有不同之屬性及行為；透過訊息之交換、進行任務協調，達成學習之最終目的。 以UML表示法建構英語線上學習流程三大模型：功能模型─使用案例模型將使用者對系統的需求模型化，靜態模型─物件模型抽出物件，表現出靜態的結構，動態模型─表示出物件與物件之間訊息的流向。 研究中試圖探討有關國小英語線上輔助教學網站之現況。未來期望架構具備語意檢索機制之網站，採自由選擇學習、多元適切評量模式，能紀錄分析學習及測試結果，建立學習紀錄（包括學習風格、習性、態度及學習效果等等）以期增進學生學習機會，分享教學資源。 藉由新的學習模式，學生可以獲得自我成長的資源，同時希望可以喚起更多關懷英語教學網站之研究與發展，為我們的孩子及新的學習方式注入更多生命力。本研究所建構之模式，希望能作為未來發展兒童英語線上學習之參考，以提昇國內兒童英語教育實施之成效。 關鍵詞：九年一貫英語課程、知識管理、知識本體、語意資訊檢索、物件導向、UML / The Grade 1-9 English Teaching Curriculum was put into practice by the Ministry of Education in 2001. Due to the fact that there are too many students in each class and that there is not enough teaching media, the students fall into different levels in English proficiency. Some research concluded that an English Teaching Resource Centre should be established to enhance teachers’ teaching quality and to provide an on-line teaching aid, hence to give the students more learning opportunities and to improve their learning effects. In this study, the on-line English teaching aid was discussed from the viewpoint of Knowledge Management. English Content Knowledge Ontology and English Teaching Knowledge Flow Architecture were suggested to provide an on-line teaching aid with a semantic retrieval system so as to initiate an innovative model for on-line English teaching aids. The English Content Knowledge, Ontology, a model of English domain knowledge, defines the concepts and their attributes, as well as the multiple relationships between the concepts: Class（vertical）, Reciprocity（horizontal）, and dependency（grouping）relationships. An “instance” is hypostatized from an abstract class, and the integration of the abstract classes and the instances represent the English Content Knowledge Ontology built up in this research. The present study has introduced Object Oriented concept that deemed the English content knowledge as an object and as an instance with different Attributes and Operations. Encapsulated attributes and operations engaged in coordination among different objects through exchanges of messages, and resulted in the achievement of the overall system operations. Meanwhile, each student would also be an object in the course of the study and possess different attributes and operations. The final goal, learning, could be achieved through the exchanges of messages for mission coordination. UML was applied in the study to construct the three major models in the on-line English learning. Functional Model – Use case Diagram to model the user’s requirements for the system； Static Model – Class Diagram to abstract an object for showing a static architecture； Dynamic Model – Sequence Diagram to describe the information flow among the objects. This research also attempted to explore the present circumstances of the primary school’s on-line English teaching aid websites. It illustrated the needs of developing architecture for a website with semantic retrieval functions, multiple choice ways of learning and diversified modes for learning assessments It will be able to record and analyse the learning effect and test the result, building up learning records (including learning style, habit, attitude and learning effect) in order to provide each student with more learning opportunities and to share teaching resources with all of the teachers. Through the new learning model, the students are able to obtain learning resources to grow by themselves. The present study also urged more concern on the research and development of the English teaching website in order to provide more vitality to our children and their new learning methods. The model built up in this study may serve as a reference in the development of effective on-line English learning for children. Key words: Grade 1-9 English Teaching Curriculum, Knowledge Management, Ontology, Semantic Retrieval System, Object Oriented, UML

本研究採用同時法與歷時法二種文獻老化研究方法，進行資訊檢索領域下系統研究及使用者研究二種主題文獻之老化研究，主要研究重點有二，一是資訊檢索領域下，系統研究及使用者研究二種不同主題文獻老化現象之差異性；二是同一主題文獻下，同時法與歷時法二種不同老化研究方法之文獻衰退情形是否一致。 同時法研究是針對現時某一特定文獻之引用參考文獻進行分析，並測得其引用年齡中數。本研究自LISA資料庫取得2006年資訊檢索領域下系統研究及使用者研究二種主題之相關文獻，作為同時法研究樣本，並利用T檢定檢測系統研究及使用者研究二種主題文獻老化現象之差異。在同時法研究結果方面，系統研究及使用者研究二種主題文獻之引用年齡中數分別為7.25歲與7.98歲，系統研究主題文獻同時法老化速度快於使用者研究主題文獻，但差異不大，T檢定結果亦顯示同時法系統研究及使用者研究二種主題文獻之老化速度無顯著差異。 歷時法研究是分析過去某特定期間所發表之文獻，其逐年被引用情形，並計算其被引用半衰期。本研究利用LISA資料庫取得1996年資訊檢索領域下系統研究及使用者研究二種主題之相關文獻，作為歷時法研究樣本，並利用WOS資料庫，取得其自1996年至2006年間逐年被引用情形。在歷時法研究結果方面，系統研究及使用者研究二種主題文獻之被引用半衰期分別為5.12歲與4.99歲，系統研究主題文獻之歷時法老化速度較使用者研究主題文獻稍慢，二者差異不大，T檢定結果亦顯示歷時法系統研究及使用者研究二種主題文獻之老化速度無顯著差異。 在同時法與歷時法二種研究方法比較部份，就文獻老化速度而言，同時法之引用參考文獻數量於高峰期後，呈現顯著文獻衰退現象；而歷時法達到被引用次數最高峰後，則未呈現明顯文獻衰退現象，可知同時法文獻老化速度較歷時法文獻老化速度快。在柯史（K-S）檢測方面，檢測結果發現，不論系統研究主題文獻或使用者研究主題文獻，同時法與歷時法之文獻老化現象皆不一致。 因此，本研究重要研究結論有二：一是資訊檢索領域下，不會因主題不同而有顯著差異；二是資訊檢索領域下，同時法所測得之文獻老化現象與歷時法所測得之文獻老化現象不一致。 / This obsolescence study uses two kinds of aging research methods - synchronous approach and diachrinous approach. Analyze two subjects of systems-centered and users-centered in the information retrieval field. The main emphasis of the research is two. First, under information retrieval field, the differences between systems-centered and user-centered in obsolescence study. Second, the difference between synchronous approach and diachrinous approach’s aging phenomenon in the same subject. Synchronous approach is targeted at the present of a particular literature references and calculated median citation age. This study acquired the information retrieval field of systems-centered and user-centered’s sample in 2006 from LISA database, and tested the difference between systems-centered and user-centered literature aging with using t-test. The result of synchronous approach, median citation age of systems-centered literature is 7.25 years and median citation age of user-centered literature is 7.98 years. So systems-centered literature aging is faster than user-centered literature. But the difference is small. T test results also revealed that difference between systems-centered and user-centered of literature aging has not significantly. Diachrinous approach was to analyze a particular during the past published literature and observed the cited times each year, and finally calculated its half-life. This study acquired the information retrieval field of systems-centered and user-centered’s sample in 1996 from LISA database, and acquired the cited times each year during 1996 to 2006 from WOS database.The result of diachrinous approach, cited half-life of system-centered literatures is 5.12 and cited half-life of user-centered literatures is 4.99 years. So user-centered literature aging was faster than system-centered literatures. But the difference was small. T test results also revealed that difference between the system-centered and user-centered of literature aging has not significantly Synchronous approach and diachrinous approach methods of comparison. By the literature on the aging speed, cited reference numbers of synchronous approach reached peak period, and the literature curve showed significant recession; cited times of diachrinous approach reached a peak, and literature curve were not significantly recession. It revealed that aging speed of synchronous approach was faster than aging speed of diachrinous approach. In the K-S test, the results showed that synchronous approach and diachrinous approach were inconsistent, whether systems-centered literatures or users-centered literatures. Therefore, the important conclusion of this study are two : First, in the information retrieval field, even different subject there will be no significant differences on literature aging phenomenon; Second, under the information retrieval field, synchronous approach and diachrinous approach which measured the aging phenomenon of literature are inconsistent.

近十年內網際網路迅速興起並蓬勃發展，對我們生活的各個層面造成劇烈的影響，並掀起電子商務的熱潮。目前最引人注目的焦點是B2B，利用網路的特性來降低成本，縮短供應鏈，加速產品生命週期。產業已注意到協同商務中之供應網絡管理，並探討企業問之商務管理所需之方法與資訊技術，以尋求新的企業營運模式。在相關發展中，WWW上之商務資料交換，更是目前發展之重點，我們的終極目標是一個跨產業且進入門檻小的全球性交易平台，ebXML因其可能帶來跨產業協同商務之平台架構逐成為產業矚目之對象。 另一個網路所帶來的問題是資訊爆炸。當人們才剛開始享受網路世界的多采多姿，馬上卻又得面臨資訊氾濫的夢魘。如何利用智慧型的方法，提昇搜尋的效率與提高資訊的效果，是我們所關心的。搜尋引擎的演算法發展已到極致，但在搜尋策略的輔助上仍有發展的空間。 本研究回顧電子商務的緣由與發展，提出web service輿ebMXL應用的跨產業網路交易平台，並設計以5W1H的方式儲存專家經驗與策略，透過查詢擴充的機制，達成搜尋策略與結果的改善，並在這個電子商務架構平台的註冊機制與儲存庫(registry/repository)上運作，讓代理人理解企業之需求與期望，進而完成企業間交易夥伴的尋找，以達成動態供應鏈之實現。 關鍵字：XML，ebXML，web service，UDDI，註冊機制與儲存庫，資訊檢索，搜尋策略，5W1H，後設資料 / Starting from the concept of B2B e-commerce in general, the aim of this thesis is to propose and test a method for supporting trading partners' matching, in particulars those who follows ebXML. In the first place, this research presents a study of the areas where XML may have significant contributions. To avoid falling into pitfalls that works in e-commerce have experienced, we ought to understand the evolution of e-commerce so that the target supports can be derived from learned lessons. With these caveats in mind, the next step is to clarify the characteristics and requirements of a generic B2B framework. Base on the aforementioned survey, the framework of ebXML can be clarified, which is considered as the State-of-Art e-business technology. To reach this, this research is to address not only the problem domain and original concepts but also technology requirements. The ebXML architecture as well as relevant initiatives, viz. SOAP, WSDL and UDDI are then examined to search for potential ebXML-based solutions. In a comparison to RosettaNet, ebXML can provide more efficient and effective searches and matches of trading partners on electronic market place. Among others, the author emphasizes the research into a hybrid of ebXML and so-called web based service technologies. To realize this concept, a searching and matching mechanism with aids of expert's strategies based on 5WIH knowledge schema is carried out in this research. Last but not least, 5W1H knowledge schema is applied, another word serves as metadata, to organize and store expert's heuristic and intelligence in so-called strategy base, so that this work can use the expert's strategy for expanding the keywords to refine user queries in the run-time and thus provide a more efficient and effective matching results. Keyword: XML, ebXML, web service, UDDI, registry/repository, information retrieval, searching strategy, 5W1H, metadata

現今由於之前企業併購熱潮，使得企業到底價值多少？企業是否能夠還有前景？這些問題不僅僅是投資者所關心的問題，也同樣是會計師及企業評價者所關心的問題。又現今已邁入知識經濟時代，企業已從過去以土地、廠房、設備等固定資產來產生企業價值，轉而以服務、品牌、專利等無形資產為主要的企業價值時，企業的價值又要如何來估算。而這些問題都一再的顯示出“企業評價”的重要性。 在進行企業評價之前，企業評價模型中之資料項的取得更是關係著最後評價結果的好壞。在企業評價資料項中，可分為財務性及非財務性。財務性資料項由於定義清楚，所以在資料的收集上較非財務性資料容易。但我們發現過往之資料收集方式並不足以應用在企業評價非財務性資料項的收集上，且現行大多採用人工處理資料的方式，不僅耗費大量時間及成本，又因人工輸入而有資料輸入錯誤之風險，使得資料的正確性大幅降低。故本研究提出一自動化擷取年報中企業評價非財務性資料項之方法，希望藉此方法達到簡化資料收集過程，提高資料的正確性。 / Because of the trend of the business combination, now, more and more people concern about “how much value does a business have?” And “does the business still have any perspectives?” This not only get investors’’ interest, but also the accountant and business valuator. Now we already get into a new economy, called knowledge-based economy. When the businesses are not just use fixed asset, such as facility, factory and land to earn money, but also earn their money by providing services, making brand, or sell patents for live, how to measure the business’s real value and what the real value for the business is. These problems all shows that the importance of “Business Valuation.” Before calculate the business value, the most important thing is to collect the data or data category for business valuation. There are two kinds of business valuation data item. One is financial data item; the other is non-financial data item. Because of the financial data item’s clear definition, the data collection process of financial data item is easier than non-financial data item. And the data collection in the past is not fit for today, and now most valuators use manual way to process these data. This way not only wastes the time and money, but also lowers the correctness and raises the risk of mistype during the process of data collection. In this thesis, we propose an approach to automatic extract business valuation data category from annual report by using the technology of data extraction.