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臺灣地區博物館歷史檔案之典藏與管理 / The Collection and Management of Historical Archives at Museums in Taiwan鐘秉慧, Chung, Ping Hui Unknown Date (has links)
歷史檔案是用文字記錄人、事、時、地、物發生過的種種,歷史是一個國家的根基、檔案則負責歷史的真實性,因此歷史檔案是人類社會重要的資產,但人們對於歷史檔案的認知較為陌生,同時歷史檔案的典藏單位是多元化的,在博物館的歷史檔案則統一被歸屬於史料文獻的典藏品而非檔案,因此在歷史檔案的瞭解與使用上較多都以專業研究人員為主。
本研究透過文獻分析瞭解何謂「歷史檔案」以及國內外博物館在歷史檔案的典藏與管理概況,並對五所典藏歷史檔案的博物館進行深度訪談,包括:國立故宮博物院、國立歷史博物館、國立臺灣博物館、國立臺灣歷史博物館以及高雄市立歷史博物館,冀求瞭解博物館對於歷史檔案的典藏與管理情況,綜合分析其結果,提出合適於歷史檔案的典藏與管理意見,以供未來國內歷史檔案之典藏機構參考。
歸納文獻分析與研究結果發現,博物館對於歷史檔案的認識較為不足,在使用歷史檔案時也多以展覽為主,除了博物館業務繁重之外,負責歷史檔案的管理人員較多都不具有檔案專業背景,同時因為博物館蒐藏方向多有重疊,因此歷史檔案被分散典藏在不同博物館中,也讓使用者在運用時有所阻礙。藉由釐清歷史檔案的定義,以及經由專業的檔案人員整理後,國內對於檔案的重視也會日益增加。 / Historical archives use words to record people, things, places, and objects that have been on earth. History is the foundation of a country, and archives represent the reality of history; therefore, historical archives are the important fortune of human beings. However, people are not familiar with historical archives, and the collection units of historical archives are various, for example, the historical archives in Museum are not organized under collection of archives but collection of literature. As a result, the comprehension and application of historical archives are mostly conducted by professional research workers.
This research analyzes historical archives and the statement of worldwide museums in collection and management of historical archives. Also, this research conducts in-depth interview on five museums, inclusive of National Palace Museum, National Museum of History, National Taiwan Museum, National Museum of Taiwan History, and Kaohsiung Museum of History, to understand the collection and management statement of historical archives in museums nowadays. Nevertheless, this research sums up the analytic results and raises suggestions suitable for the collection and management of historical archives, in order to let domestic collection of historical archives institutes can take advantage of it.
According to the literature analyses and research results, museums lack awareness of historical archives and the application of historical archives always focus on exhibitions. These cause museum not only a heavy duty but also most staffs in charge of historical archives are not equipped with specialized knowledge. Meanwhile, due to the duplicate collections of different museums, historical archives are scattered in distinct museums, which create barriers toward users. Therefore, hoping domestic awareness of archives will arise increasingly after the clarification of historical archives and the rearrangement conducted by experts.
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歷史檔案策展研究—理論、概述與實例蔡宜娟 Unknown Date (has links)
歷史檔案展能夠凝聚民族精神,增強國家認同感,鑑往知來,極富社會教育功能。台灣近五年來較知名的檔案展「二二八事件檔案展」、「福爾摩沙-十七世紀的台灣、荷蘭與東亞特展」和「世紀蔣宋美齡」等,這些活動都獲得一定程度的回響,充分發揮了歷史檔案在推廣教育上的功能,使參觀者在回顧歷史之餘,更進一步瞭解到檔案的實用與價值。今日檔案展的舉辦已成為檔案典藏機構的主要業務之一,鑑於台灣目前檔案策展資訊相當匱乏,希冀藉由本研究機會探討台灣歷史檔案展情況,瞭解台灣已有的策展資源及實例,嘗試剖析歷史檔案策展的規劃考量,期望作為台灣未來歷史檔案策展及後續相關研究之參考。
本研究首先進行檔案策展相關文獻的蒐集與整理,認識檔案策展理論及回顧歷史檔案策展概況,歸納出歷史檔案展的特性及規劃重點作為訪談的基礎。其次運用「個案研究法」與「深度訪談法」,以具有二十年歷史檔案展實務經驗的國立故宮博物院圖書文獻處作為個案研究對象,針對2000-2004年故宮歷史檔案展進行調查,訪談在這五年當中的故宮檔案策展人,瞭解故宮的策展情況並分析其優缺點,藉以瞭解檔案策展實際情形。
歸納文獻探討與個案研究發現,檔案展的功能主要有三方面,首要為發揮社會教育功能,其次為推廣作用,再者,檔案展能夠加強館內編輯研究工作。檔案策展的基本要素為經費、人力、展品、展場等四項,通常檔案策展的困難度也起因於這四項要素的不足。檔案策展流程十一個步驟包括:展覽政策、選擇主題、擬訂展覽計畫、選件與修繕維護選件、編寫展覽說明與出版品、提供展覽網頁與宣傳資訊、設計展覽、布展、展場總檢及實地導覽訓練、展出與宣傳、撤展及展覽建檔評估等。
最後根據前述研究結果,對歷史檔案典藏機構策展提出以下幾點建議:一、積極充實館藏;二、慎選展覽主題;三、 培養策展人才;四、明訂展覽任務;五、設置固定展廳;六、展出形式多元。
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檔案控制層次在歷史檔案編排之應用葉美珠 Unknown Date (has links)
檔案控制層次分為管理、全宗、系列、案卷、件等五個層次,是由美國國家檔案暨文件署之學者Oliver Wendell Holmes在1964年提出「檔案編排-五種不同的控制層次」一文的說法。
從2001年起,國內各典藏歷史檔案機構已就其重要的歷史檔案,引進採用最新發展之「檔案描述編碼格式」(Encoded Archival Description,簡稱EAD)及「國際檔案描述標準」(General International Standard Archival Description,簡稱ISAD(G))等標準,進行數位典藏計畫,使檔案控制層次在歷史檔案編排之應用,成為數位典藏計畫執行期間及本研究階段之重要研究課題。
本研究採用「個案研究法」與「深度訪談法」進行研究,對5所典藏歷史檔案機構進行個案研究,包括:國立故宮博物院、國史館、國史館台灣文獻館、中央研究院歷史語言研究所及近代史研究所,以了解檔案控制層次之應用成果;另深度訪談法則是對機構內檔案編排人員進行訪談,以搜集參與數位典藏計畫前後,檔案控制層次在歷史檔案編排之應用情形資訊,及檔案描述有關之控制層次內容。
根據本研究,有下列結論:一、各機構均會參酌最新理論與應用先例進行檔案編排;二、對於檔案控制層次除運用在實體歷史檔案編排外,並也已逐漸延伸到數位檔案影像編排上;三、後設資料需求規格書中之控制層次名稱更為明確;四、控制層次邏輯可以作為製成檢索工具基礎及應用在數位檔案之檔名命名上;五、層次關係以樹狀結構呈現;六、多數機構著重在較低層次的描述;七、彙整出各機構檔案編排之層次圖表。
最後對前述研究結論提出建議:一、未將檔案控制層次運用在歷史檔案編排者,應加以調整;二、控制層次之名稱與內涵應一致;三、運用檔案控制層次方法後,應加以彙集出版或作為網路上瀏覽檔案的輔助索引;四、建立描述計畫時,應著重在較高層次的描述;五、各機構應加強訂定檔案描述規則與多層次描述規範。 / The levels of control in archival arrangement can be classified by depositories, fonds, series, files and items ,etc. This concept had been proposed by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1964, in his article: “Archival Arrangement -- Five Different Operations at Five Different Levels”.
Since 2001, many public archive institutions which are major holders of historical materials in Taiwan, early or late participated in the “National Digital Archives Program” (NDAP). They have adopted “Encoded Archival Description” (EAD) and “General International Standard Archival Description” ( ISAD(G)) as the standards of archive digitization. Therefore, the levels of control applied in the arrangement of historical archives have become the main topics of NDAP and relative studies.
This study has adopted the “case study method” and the “in-depth interview method.” We make case studies of five major historical archive institutions in Taiwan -- the National Palace Museum, the Historica Academia, the Taiwan Historica, the Institute of History and Philology and the Institute of Modern History, especially regarding the levels of control applied in the arrangement of historical archives before and after these institutions participated in NDAP. On the other hand, we interviewed the archivists of the above institutions, in order to understand their work of archival description based on the levels of control.
We reached the following conclusions:
1. The above-mentioned institutions adopt the newly theory and practice in archival arrangement every now and again.
2. The levels of control not only have been applied in the arrangement of physical archives, but extended to digital archives.
3. The levels of control have become more definite in the specification of metadata requirement.
4. The logic of the levels of control can be utilized as the basis of finding aids and : the naming rule of digital files.
5. The hierarchical model of the levels of control has been presented in a kind of tree structure.
6. Most institutions focus their efforts on lower level descriptions.
7. For further research, we establish a summary table of the levels of control adopted by the above-mentioned institutions.
Finally, we do have some suggestions:
1. For every historical archive holder, it is a wise choice to adopt the levels of control to arrange the historical materials
2. The naming on the levels of control and its contents must be consistent.
3. The levels of control applied in the arrangement of historical materials should be available on-site to user as auxiliary index.
4. We’d better concentrate more efforts on higher level description while planning for archival description.
5. Each public archive institution should make every effort to enhance the establishment of Chinese archival description rules and multiple description specifications.
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我國歷史檔案館館藏發展政策訂定之研究 / A study on the collection development policy of historical archives in Taiwan劉佳琳 Unknown Date (has links)
政府機關、人民團體或個人處理業務或活動過程中所產生的記錄,稱之為檔案。檔案具有永久保存價值,是社會文化遺產的一部份。檔案對於研究歷史尤其重要,因此典藏各種主題檔案之歷史檔案館或典藏單位,必須制定館藏發展政策以區分館藏,建立各館之館藏特色。
基於上述,本研究之主要目的即為針對我國歷史檔案館館藏發展政策之擬定情形,以及歷史檔案館館藏發展政策所應涵蓋之內容作一探討;並進而從檔案人員之角度了解歷史檔案館制定館藏發展政策之現況與需求。
研究結果發現,目前國內歷史檔案館大多具備館藏發展之方向,其中已具備館內之工作手冊或規範書的檔案單位,包括:國史館、中研院近史所檔案館、宜蘭縣史館與吳三連台灣史料基金會,皆可提供歷史檔案館或民間史料典藏機構制定館藏發展政策之參考。
在研究結論中,研究者歸納出歷史檔案館制定館藏發展政策之必要性、歷史檔案館實施館藏發展政策之可行性,以及檔案專業人員制定與執行館藏發展政策之必要性等觀點。此外,在研究建議中,研究者並以國外歷史檔案館之館藏發展政策為藍本,及參酌國內歷史檔案館管理方式,研擬一份歷史檔案館館藏發展政策,以提供國內歷史檔案館相關單位未來制定館藏發展政策之參考。
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我國歷史檔案館藏檢索系統在Web環境中建置之研究 / A Study of the Construction of the Historical Archival Retrieval Systems in the Web Environment張淑惠 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要在瞭解國內歷史檔案館藏於Web 環境中建置的規劃過程與執行內涵,主要以國內現正進行國科會「數位典藏國家型科技計畫」且已規劃建置Web檔案檢索系統的中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館為研究對象,探討其Web檔案檢索系統之建置內涵。本研究雖係以近史所檔案館為例,但期望藉由對該館建置經驗之探討,提供國內各歷史檔案主管與典藏單位參考。研究目的包括:探討Web環境中歷史檔案館藏檢索系統建置工作的內涵、Web檔案檢索系統介面的功能與特性、使用者對檔案檢索系統的使用習慣、模式與需求情形,並針對檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員之Web檔案檢索系統建置作業思維觀點予以並列比較,進而與使用者之檔案資訊檢索需求進行對照比較,作為國內歷史檔案館藏Web檢索系統設計與建置之參考。
本研究採用深度訪談法,首先以近史所檔案館「近代外交與經濟重要檔案數位典藏計畫」為主要研究範圍,對該館工作人員進行訪談,並以參與該館系統建置之中研院計算機中心的資訊技術人員為訪談對象,此外亦針對外交檔案的使用者進行訪談,以便對相關的研究問題進行探討;並採用比較法,針對檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員於Web檔案檢索系統建構之思維進行對照比較,並依據使用者對Web檔案檢索系統之需求與建置觀點進行剖析。最後將檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員對系統功能建置之觀點與使用者之觀點進行對照比較,以綜合觀點比較歸納出Web環境中檔案檢索系統的重要特性與功能。
研究結果,本研究分別從「系統建構」與「使用者需求」兩個面向提出研究結論。於系統建構面向得出結論為:(一)檔案描述著錄方面:訂定檔案著錄系統建置方針、協調統整既有作業情境與著錄系統間的作業流程、因應檔案描述著錄作業所面臨的問題;(二)檔案權威控制方面:檔案權威控制方案效能的比較、權威檔合作建置可行性與方案的抉擇評估;(三)檔案傳輸互通標準方面:重視國際相關標準的採用與整合檢索的重要性、研擬訂定核心欄位促成聯合目錄與整合檢索之實現;(四)Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面方面:訂定Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面設計原則、Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面的功能規劃、妥善進行Web檔案檢索系統的營運管理;(五)檔案資訊加值檢索之作法方面:配合國中、高中教科書內容增加主題檔案介紹,進行系統使用者Log檔統計分析並進行檔案使用者資訊檢索行為研究,結合學術領域研究人員人力投入以進行檔案深度描述,運用資訊技術以提昇加值檢索之效能與服務之強化;(六)Web環境中歷史檔案檢索系統發展趨勢方面:藉由觀摩國內外其他單位之規劃建置並掌握重點,由網頁得知他館的經驗分享進而交流合作,與資訊技術人員密切交流以有助於系統的規劃建置。於使用者需求面向則分別從「使用者對Web檔案檢索系統的觀點與使用經驗」及「使用者對Web檔案檢索系統資訊檢索需求內涵分析」兩方面做成結論。有關使用者對Web檔案檢索系統的觀點與使用經驗方面,分別就檔案使用者資訊素養、使用經驗、檔案查詢途徑與使用方式、檔案資訊檢索整體需求、檔案檢索查詢項目使用需求情形、檔案資訊檢索心得觀感、檢索時所遭遇的問題以及對Web檔案檢索系統之期許等提列結論。而有關使用者對Web檔案檢索系統資訊檢索需求內涵分析方面,則以整體架構需求面向、資訊內涵需求面向、資訊檢索功能面向、資訊輸出功能面向、資訊顯示功能面向、檢索點需求面向等提列結論。
根據研究結果,本研究分別從「系統建構」與「使用者需求」兩個面向提出建議。於系統建構面向之建議包括:(一)訂定數位典藏與資訊檢索系統建置的相關標準;(二)建立一專門彙整缺字處理方案的官方正式網站;(三)建立一個累積資訊技術發展成果的知識庫;(四)運用「全宗原則」、採行「控制層次」進行檔案描述著錄;(五)合作建置檔案權威資料庫;(六)遵循檔案傳輸互通標準以因應內部與對外整合檢索之需求;(七)進行Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面整體規劃;(八)進行檔案資訊加值檢索方案之規劃;(九)研擬訂定核心欄位,儘速促成聯合目錄與整合檢索之實現。於使用者需求面向之建議則包括:(一)建立整合性歷史檔案查詢網站;(二)運用資訊技術與人工智能分析以強化檔案資訊內涵分析;(三)提供個人化檔案資訊檢索服務;(四)研擬並發展加值檢索方案。 / This study aims at understanding the planning process and the implementation of web-based historical archive construction in Taiwan by investigating the National Digital Archives Program that is being run by the National Science Council (NSC) and the contents of construction of the achieves of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, whose retrieval system was completed. Though the study was based on modern history archives, it is hoped that the study can be a reference of construction for competent units and owners of history archives. The objective of the study is to investigate the contents of construction of Chinese web-based retrieval systems for historical archives; their functions and characteristics; and the habits, behavioral patterns and needs of users. A contrastive study between thoughts and opinions of web-based retrieval system construction of archive crews and IT personnel and the needs of users has been conducted to provide a reference for planning and construction of web-based retrieval system for history archives in Taiwan.
In-depth interviews were conducted with librarians in charge of the Digital Archives of the Diplomatic and Economic Records in Modern History Project, and with IT personnel of the Computer Center of Academia Sinica engaging in the construction of the archival system. Moreover, users of diplomatic files were interviewed for related topics. A comparison of the thoughts and opinions on web-based retrieval system of archive crews and IT personnel has been conducted. Needs and views of users have been analyzed. Finally, a contrastive study between the views on system function construction of archive crews and IT personnel and the opinions of users has been conducted in order to find out the important characteristics and functions of we-based Chinese archive retrieval systems.
Based on the research findings, conclusions were made from the following two aspects: system construction and user needs. System constructions are: (1) file description and recording: establishing construction policies for file recording systems, coordinating and integrating the operation workflow of the existing operation environment and recording system, and responding to problems arising out of file description and recording; (2) file authority control: comparing the efficiency of file authority control solutions, and selecting and evaluating the feasibility and solution of collaborative construction of authoritative files; (3) file transfer protocol: focusing on the importance of international protocols and integrated retrieval, and drafting core columns to promote the realization of joint indexing and integrated retrieval; (4) web-based retrieval system user interface: drawing out principles of design for the user interface of web-based retrieval systems, planning functions for the user interface of web-based retrieval systems, and applying reliable operation management of web-based retrieval systems; (5) handling of value-added retrieval of file information: enriching topic file introduction in accordance with junior and senior high school textbooks, producing statistics on and analyzing system user log files and studying the information retrieval pattern of users, combining the manpower of researchers to produce depth description of files, and enhancing the efficiency and optimizing the service of value-added retrieval with information technology; and (6) the trend of Chinese web-based retrieval systems of historical archives: sharing the experience in planning and construction of other archives home and abroad and promoting exchange and cooperation with them over the web, and making close contacts with IT personnel to facilitate system planning and construction. Conclusions on user needs were made according to “the user’s views and experiences of uses of web-based file retrieval systems” and “analysis on the contents of user’s needs for web-based file retrieval system”. Regarding user’s views on and experiences of uses for web-based file retrieval systems, conclusions were reached according to the user’s information attainments, experience of system uses, paths and manners of file retrieval, overall requirements for file and information retrieval, use of options in file retrieval systems, comments on file and information retrieval, problems encountered in retrieving files and information, and expectations from web-based file retrieval systems. As to the analysis of the contents of user’s needs for web-based file retrieval system of users, conclusions have been drawn according to the needs for overall framework; information contents; information retrieval functions; information output functions; information display functions; and information retrieval.
Based on the research findings, suggestions have been made according to “system construction” and “user needs”. Suggestions about system construction include: (1) establishing standards for digital archives and information retrieval systems; (2) setting up an official website for processing characters that do not exist in regular font sets; (3) developing a knowledge base for accumulating IT development achievements; (4) describing and recording files with “level control” according to the “principle of respect des fonds”; (5) constructing a file authority database under collaboration; (6) following the file transfer protocols to meet the requirements of internal and external integrated retrievals; (7) making plans for the user interface of web-based file retrieval systems; (8) working out solutions for value-added file and information retrieval; and (9) drawing out central columns and promoting the realization of joint indexing and retrieval. Suggestions about user needs include: (1) establishing an integrated historical archive inquiry website; (2) applying IT and AI to strengthen file and information content analysis; (3) providing personalized file and information retrieval services; and (4) drawing out and developing value-added retrieval solutions.
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臺灣與澳門檔案機關行政管理體制之比較研究 / A Comparative Study of the Management and Administrative System of Archival Institutions between Taiwan and Macau周婥鈮, Chau, Cheok Nei Unknown Date (has links)
檔案館是指一個機構或行政單位負責檔案資料的辦識、鑑定、登錄、保存、編排、描述與提供參考服務。國家檔案館亦可被稱為國家公共檔案館或公共檔案館。它是檔案館的其中一種。由國家各級政府設立並領導,負責接收和管理一定範圍的具有社會和歷史價值的各種檔案,並提供社會利用的重要文化事業機構。
檔案是傳承歷史及人類知識的最佳媒介,檔案管理人員則是手握傳承鑰匙的主要角色,而檔案管理機關則是重要歷史見證者及紀錄者。在臺灣及澳門最高檔案管理機關,對於了解該地區在檔案事業管理及發展上是十分值得研究的對象。檔案行政構在兩地有所不同,筆者對此作比較時會偏向法規、功能以及兩地檔案機關在位階的定位。
透過比較對上述兩地政府機關的體系進行比較研究,比較分析兩地在檔案法、檔案管理行政體制(以檔案管理局與澳門歷史檔案館為研究對象)以及檔案機關之功能任務的異同。冀能了解兩地的檔案管理事業發有何異同之處。 / Archives can be referred to an institution or administrative unit which is responsible for archival identification, appraisal, log in, preservation, arrangement, description and reference service. The National Archives can be also known as the National Public Archives or Public Archives. It is a type of the archives, which is established by the national governments, responsible for various archives with social and historical values, and distributed to fulfil the usage of social and cultural organizations.
Archives is the best medium of human knowledge and historical heritage, records management staff are holding the key to a major role in transmission, and archival management institution is an important witness of history and archives holder. By studying about the highest management authority of Archives in Taiwan and Macau, it can help to understand the differences between the region and the development of the Archive Management. Archives administrative structures differ in these two places, this study is focusing on comparing the archival laws, functions and .organization structures of the two places mentioned above.
A comparative study of these two archival institutions through the comparison, analyzing the two places in the differences of Archives Act, the administrative management system (National Archives Administration National Development Council and Historical Archives of Macao) and the functional tasks of them can help to deepen understanding the similarities and differences between both parties.
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清乾隆時期刑科題本之研究—以調姦本婦未成致本婦羞忿自盡類型案例為例陳郁如 Unknown Date (has links)
傳統中國法制史的研究因侷限於資料的不足與匱乏,因此研究者往往得要如傅斯年氏所云:「上窮碧落下黃泉,動手動腳找材料。」但所能研究的主題與對象往往只能侷限在歷代的律文規定與二十五史的〈刑法志〉之中。但隨著近來考古的新發現、傳統中國官方文書檔案的整理與開放以及新型態的資料,如官員的判牘及文人的筆記小說等等。未來的研究者仍舊得要動手動腳找材料,但所擔憂的問題將不再是資料的匱乏,而是將得要擔憂浩如煙海的檔案史料將可能淹沒研究者本身。尤其是數量龐大的「內閣刑科題本」,更將徹底改變研究的型態。是故,在可預見的將來,法制史的研究勢必將進入另一種嶄新的型態,而如何使用〈內閣刑科題本〉這批新型態的檔案史料以進行研究,將是本文所要討論的重心所在。
對「調姦致本婦羞忿自盡類型案件」這類在「刑科題本」中履見不鮮的案件,筆者將以目前閱讀檔案所得之初步想法作為研究之起點,所欲討論之問題主要有三:一、〈威逼人致死律例〉條文規定在「調姦致本婦羞忿自盡類型案件」中的具體實踐;二、旌表制度在「調姦致本婦羞忿自盡案件」中之意義與影響;三、埋葬銀與「調姦致本婦羞忿自盡案件」之關係及其性質研究。
本文共分為五章,第一章為緒論,第二至四章為本論,第五章為結論。第二至四章分別就本文所欲討論之問題討論之。第二章討論之內容主要在於,《大清律》的律本文在乾隆五年定案後,於乾隆年間並沒有再修改過,所變動纂修者僅為例本文的部分。因此,在此條件之下,筆者將著重討論之重點為《大清律例》中的〈威逼人致死〉之例文規定的演變。蓋「調姦致本婦羞忿自盡類型案件」在法律適用的部分,均是以〈威逼人致死〉之律例規定來加以處理。類型案件適用之律例條文之演變,以及類型案件之特點分析,將為本主題的討論重點。第三章所欲討論的內容則可從「調姦致本婦羞忿自盡類型案件」得知,此類型的案件係婦女因受第三人言語調戲或拉姦不成後,因氣忿難耐而自盡者。在此類型的案件中,自盡身亡的婦女,有相當大的比例可以成為朝廷所旌表的烈婦。這種特殊的情況,在「刑科題本」中數量相當驚人。因此在此主題之下,筆者將就旌表對於婦女的影響,以及是否為對婦女的社會控制手段加以論述。第五章則對埋葬銀之性質作出討論,清代在《大清律例》中則改稱「燒埋銀」為「埋葬銀」。如在「戲殺誤殺過失殺傷人條例」規定:「瘋病殺人者,從犯人名下追取埋葬銀二兩四錢二分。」其名稱雖有不同,但其功能與元代之燒埋銀並無明顯差異。如前所述,「調姦本婦致本婦羞忿自盡類型案件」均是以「威逼人致死條例」例文之規定來解決,但在該例文規定中並未見有關在此類案件要給予「埋葬銀」之規定。關於埋葬銀之性質、數量的決定,以及埋葬銀的可能社會意義,將是筆者在本主題之下所欲討論的重點,希冀透過對埋葬銀制度的討論,讓埋葬銀制度的意義及其在傳統中國社會中所扮演的角色能較為清楚。
經由對這些議題的討論,在第五章結論中提出筆者對未來法制史研究的期待。透過「刑科題本」來對傳統中國法制史進行研究,很巧合的發現,雖然傳統中國律例規定不再適用於現代的社會,但其精神仍或多或少的存在現行的法律制度之中,在人們自覺或不自覺的意識中遊走著。透過對「刑科題本」的閱讀,對於了解深深影響過去與現在傳統中國的法律制度,能有更進一步的可能。
過去以來史學界的研究,已經證明傳統中國或許沒有如西方的民法規範體系,但是國家的審判系統中,尤其是縣的審判系統,也處理西方法律制度中屬於民法範疇的事務。未來,使用清代中央與地方司法審判檔案研究清朝的法律體制,可以讓研究者在觀難傳統中國的法律制度時,較能超越過去百年來的一些偏見,呈現中國傳統法制的原貌。透過「刑科題本」這份珍貴的司法審判資料,對於了解清代的法律社會有很大的助益,但由於「刑科題本」的數量太過龐大,因此以個別個人來研究「刑科題本」,往往只能見樹不能見林。是以希望在未來有更多的研究者能對「刑科題本」產生興趣,透過更多研究者的參與研究,讓「刑科題本」更被重視,甚至在未來有跨領域、跨學科的共同研究出現的可能。
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