隨著理財觀念日漸普及，個人與企業對於財經相關資訊的需求也與日俱增。然而，各式各樣隱含有用資訊的財經相關文件雖然越來越容易取得，但多是以文字的方式呈現，無固定格式，較不易整理。如何協助使用者自大量財經文件中尋找和擷取出適當的資訊，已經成為財經相關應用領域的重要研究議題。 　　在目前眾多知識挖掘相關方法中，文字探勘（text mining）即是以文件內容為主要分析對象，目的在於自非結構或半結構化的文件中萃取出有意義的知識。為此，若有一個良好的機制能將文字探勘所挖掘的知識加以彙整併保存，便可使財經文件內所隱藏的知識進一步的被應用在相關領域上(如決策支援、資訊檢索、知識管理，而這也成為提昇競爭力的重要利基。 　　本研究針對財經領域相關文件（如財經新聞、投顧之研究報告…等）進行分析，結合文字探勘知識挖掘的能力與知識本體的概念，運用文字探勘中重要演算法－關聯分析挖掘財經文件中隱含的關鍵資訊，提出一套藉由關聯分析所得之關聯規則建立知識本體的新方法。此方法有以下幾點特色：(1)建構一「財經標的模型」，定義財經文件內容之基本架構(2)將文字探勘挖掘之知識以知識本體的方式呈現(3)自動化的建構知識本體。 / With the concept of financial management popularizing, Personal and corporations are increasing the financial information demands. However, implicit in all kinds of useful information relevant macroeconomic documents readily available, but most text has no fixed format and difficult to collate. To support users from a large number of macroeconomic documents to find and retrieve the appropriate information has become important research topic in financial-related applications. 　In many Knowledge Mining Approaches, Text mining is based on analyzing the content of the documents; it purpose to extract the meaningful knowledge from Unstructured or Semi-structured Documents. If there is a good mechanism to keep the accumulation of text mining knowledge exploration, the macroeconomic documents will enable to effective application of tacit knowledge in Decision Support, Information Retrieval, Knowledge Management and other related fields, it is the foundation of enhancing competitiveness. 　This study aims to analyzing the macroeconomic documents such as the financial and economic news, the research report of investment consular… and so on, Combined with Text Mining knowledge mining ability and concept of Ontology, by one of the important algorithms to text mining－Association Analysis, discovered latent key information in macroeconomic documents, apply a new method of Association Rules for building Ontology. The method has the following characteristics：(1) Constructed 「Target Model」on structure framework to give a definition for the macroeconomic documents (2) To display the knowledge form text mining by Ontology approaches (3) Constructing Ontology automatically。

全球化經濟體系的興起，促使產業結構大幅改變，商業行為益趨複雜，顧客需求日漸多元化、個人化，產品服務種類及結構更加繁瑣，因改變隨之而來的成本劇增，如何快速接近並滿足顧客的需求，已成為在激烈競爭環境中的致勝關鍵，而工作流程管理技術正是影響關鍵的重要樞鈕。 現今工作流程管理技術在企業工作流程自動化，監督、協同合作及控制各種活動的執行，以及有效利用資源、縮短流程之研究領域方面已相當成熟，但仍存在工作流程執行的彈性匱乏，與企業資源無法共享的問題。 因此，本研究提出一個簡單有效的動態處理工作流程架構，透過語意網標準語言－資源描述結構(RDF(S)及DAML+OIL制定更嚴謹、豐富、彈性的工作流程定義，使工作流程處理具有邏輯推理的知識能力，另一方面提供一套流程改變機制，以自動調適在執行期間動態改變的流程。 / By the development of global economics influences business model more and more complex. The way of promoting productivity and decreasing cost is the issue of the company. Current workflow management approaches can reach automatic, monitoring, collaboration and controlling the process. But process description and sharing resource approaches consider simplistic method invocation. So how to create dynamic workflow enrich process definition and modify the program at run time is very important issue. In this thesis we propose richer process representations using the semantic web languages which enable us to capture process than current approaches and applying a change system to adapt process change in run time. Further, we develop algorithms by which potential problem in dynamic workflow can be more flexible and combine computer and human activities. Keyword: Semantic Web, Ontology, Dynamic Workflow

隨著資訊科技的蓬勃發展，經由資訊媒介的傳播，造成了企業或組織內部資訊大量的累積。因此，知識倉儲(knowledge repository)可以說是儲存各類型文件的儲存庫，主要用來管理和組織各類型資訊，例如資料庫、報告、文件、表單，都可以數位化方式儲存在知識倉儲，其功能在於進行組織內部各類型文件知識內容管理，進而協助組織提供網路服務(web service)，包括：提供目錄、索引以協助使用者尋找資訊的檢索服務以及辨識和確認資訊位址的定址服務。因此，當知識不斷地從組織運作之中產生，知識與資訊的量也跟著不斷增加，如何管理這些知識就益顯重要，包括知識的表達、結構、儲存與取用方式等。 在這篇論文中，本研究試圖整理對於知識倉儲的『知識結構』之相關或背景知識，並針對文件彼此之間的相互參照關係以及索引典建立知識地圖(knowledge map)，進一步將領域的相關知識，如術語或關連性等資料儲存成有結構性之知識，利用此領域知識對於文件內容附加上有語意關係之處理，在進行資訊檢索時，從而利用領域知識結構以協助使用者準確地檢索與查詢有用或相關之資訊內容。 本研究運用檔案管理全宗理論及控制層級(control level)，提出因應組織結構改變之檔案系統目錄結構，劃分全宗、系列、案卷、文件等層次，知識倉儲系統藉由文件虛擬位址(DL)以及文件實體位址(URL)之對映，以處理組織結構改變之動態文件管理。本研究進一步針對具有關連的一組文件進行案卷內部分類，利用所分析之案卷類型結構，描述具有單一文件以及具有複合文件概念之文件，包括：會議記錄、法令規章等，並運用都柏林核心集(Dublin Core)描述文件資料建立Metadata結構，然後透過索引典(Thesaurus)詞彙語意關係之處理，提供概念性之語意資訊檢索。

依財政部保險司每半年對壽險申訴案件的統計觀察，客戶對壽險公司提出申訴的件數有逐年遞增的趨勢，申訴原因多為理賠給付、契約保全服務、業務員招攬、保費收費糾紛、商品條款及法規等爭議。客服員若能於第一時間以專業的知識回應申訴問題，勢必可減少申訴數量。但面對浩瀚的壽險各領域知識，客服中心的成員不易具備所有足以應付客戶問題的知識，實施知識管理將組織內各種知識公開化、標準化、制度化、科技化，已成為刻不容緩的任務。 為解決壽險客服中心因取得壽險專業知識的障礙而無法提供客戶滿意的服務，本研究對客服中心可能應用的各種知識，探討已被發表的知識管理分類、呈現與檢索等應用的相關技術，提出符合客服中心需求的以知識本體為基礎的壽險知識問題檢索架構，除了提供壽險專業知識的建立、搜尋、分享環境，並將原始文件儲存為XML或RDF的語意文件，做為將來跨平台與跨應用系統資料交換的基礎，提升客服中心服務效率、節省客服人力與行政成本，留住忠誠的客戶以達成CRM的目的，進而提升企業競爭力。 / According to the regular semi-annual statistic report from Insurance Department of MOF Taiwan, the complain cases from policy owners are increasing year by year. The reasons of complain are claims, underwriting, policy services, marketing, premium collections, policy clauses and regulations. If the customer service representatives (CSR) could solve the problems at the right time with their domain knowledge of life insurance, the volumes of complain should be descended explicitly. But it is hard to ask a CSR to play the role with variety domain knowledge of life insurance. Implement the knowledge management mechanism to standardize and enrich the organization memory are the first priority in life insurance companies. In order to overcome the barrier of dissatisfaction about customer service, this research try to study the related theories and technologies of knowledge classification, knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition tools, inference and problem solving methods. The results of this research announce an architecture of ontology based customer relationship management for Life Insurance Company to build, represent, search, and share the life insurance domain knowledge. Addition, to save the original semi-structured or unstructured documents into semantic formats of XML or RDF. It could provides the data exchange between heterogeneous databases and platforms. The advantages are more efficiency and cost down for the customer service departments, retain the royalty customers and get more competence advantage for the company.

本研究針對半導體產業，提供一智慧型搜尋功能，讓使用者在大量資料中能快速及準確地搜尋。為達此目的，本研究中定義知識空間及其組成元素，並發展一組程式以產生該知識空間及知識空間搜尋機制，以提升使用者生產力。所使用到的技術包含：(1)建立知識本體，(2)計算兩詞彙同時出現頻率，(3)計算詞彙與文件關聯度，(4)發展知識空間搜尋環境。 / This study aims to provide an intelligent searching environment which users can search quickly and precisely from a large number of documents in semiconductor industry. In order to achieve the purpose, this paper defines a knowledge space and its composition elements to describe the knowledge of real world, and then develops a program to shorten the searching cost by providing the searching mechanism based on knowledge space. The techniques used in this study includes：(1) Construct 「Semiconductor Industry Ontology」(2) Compute the frequency of two terms appearing simultaneously (3) Compute the interrelatedness between terms and documents (4) Develop searching environment based on knowledge space.

教育部自九十年度起實施九年一貫英語教學課程，由於學生程度不一，班級人數過多，教學媒體不足，研究報告指出應該成立英語教學資源中心，提高教師教學品質，規劃線上輔助教學，以增進學生學習機會及學習效果。 本研究從知識管理角度探索英語線上輔助教學，建構英語教學內容知識結構模式及教學知識流程架構；俾使線上教學具備語意查詢機制，開啟英語線上輔助教學創新模式。 英語教學內容知識框架（English Content Knowledge Ontology）抽象化類別具多重之階層、對等及相依關係。將內容知識抽象化類別實體化，其類別與實體之集合，即為本範例所建構之知識框架。 本研究引介物件導向，視內容知識為一個物件，具有不同之狀態及行為；將狀態與行為封裝，物件與物件間藉由訊息進行協調動作，達成整體運作之功能。學生亦為學習流程中一個物件，具有不同之屬性及行為；透過訊息之交換、進行任務協調，達成學習之最終目的。 以UML表示法建構英語線上學習流程三大模型：功能模型─使用案例模型將使用者對系統的需求模型化，靜態模型─物件模型抽出物件，表現出靜態的結構，動態模型─表示出物件與物件之間訊息的流向。 研究中試圖探討有關國小英語線上輔助教學網站之現況。未來期望架構具備語意檢索機制之網站，採自由選擇學習、多元適切評量模式，能紀錄分析學習及測試結果，建立學習紀錄（包括學習風格、習性、態度及學習效果等等）以期增進學生學習機會，分享教學資源。 藉由新的學習模式，學生可以獲得自我成長的資源，同時希望可以喚起更多關懷英語教學網站之研究與發展，為我們的孩子及新的學習方式注入更多生命力。本研究所建構之模式，希望能作為未來發展兒童英語線上學習之參考，以提昇國內兒童英語教育實施之成效。 關鍵詞：九年一貫英語課程、知識管理、知識本體、語意資訊檢索、物件導向、UML / The Grade 1-9 English Teaching Curriculum was put into practice by the Ministry of Education in 2001. Due to the fact that there are too many students in each class and that there is not enough teaching media, the students fall into different levels in English proficiency. Some research concluded that an English Teaching Resource Centre should be established to enhance teachers’ teaching quality and to provide an on-line teaching aid, hence to give the students more learning opportunities and to improve their learning effects. In this study, the on-line English teaching aid was discussed from the viewpoint of Knowledge Management. English Content Knowledge Ontology and English Teaching Knowledge Flow Architecture were suggested to provide an on-line teaching aid with a semantic retrieval system so as to initiate an innovative model for on-line English teaching aids. The English Content Knowledge, Ontology, a model of English domain knowledge, defines the concepts and their attributes, as well as the multiple relationships between the concepts: Class（vertical）, Reciprocity（horizontal）, and dependency（grouping）relationships. An “instance” is hypostatized from an abstract class, and the integration of the abstract classes and the instances represent the English Content Knowledge Ontology built up in this research. The present study has introduced Object Oriented concept that deemed the English content knowledge as an object and as an instance with different Attributes and Operations. Encapsulated attributes and operations engaged in coordination among different objects through exchanges of messages, and resulted in the achievement of the overall system operations. Meanwhile, each student would also be an object in the course of the study and possess different attributes and operations. The final goal, learning, could be achieved through the exchanges of messages for mission coordination. UML was applied in the study to construct the three major models in the on-line English learning. Functional Model – Use case Diagram to model the user’s requirements for the system； Static Model – Class Diagram to abstract an object for showing a static architecture； Dynamic Model – Sequence Diagram to describe the information flow among the objects. This research also attempted to explore the present circumstances of the primary school’s on-line English teaching aid websites. It illustrated the needs of developing architecture for a website with semantic retrieval functions, multiple choice ways of learning and diversified modes for learning assessments It will be able to record and analyse the learning effect and test the result, building up learning records (including learning style, habit, attitude and learning effect) in order to provide each student with more learning opportunities and to share teaching resources with all of the teachers. Through the new learning model, the students are able to obtain learning resources to grow by themselves. The present study also urged more concern on the research and development of the English teaching website in order to provide more vitality to our children and their new learning methods. The model built up in this study may serve as a reference in the development of effective on-line English learning for children. Key words: Grade 1-9 English Teaching Curriculum, Knowledge Management, Ontology, Semantic Retrieval System, Object Oriented, UML

在重視集體智慧、重視服務、且需要因應環境快速變遷的年代，傳統的系統開發方法論雖然有其不可磨滅的價值，但已經顯露出其不足之處。為了順應時代的潮流，方法論必須指引企業去聆聽大眾的心聲，以期確保系統提供優質的服務，方法論也必須指引資訊人員運用有異於以往的手法與步驟，與其他部門和大眾共同合作，來持續不斷地維護系統，使得系統得以注入新的生命力而不斷演進。 為了提出一套不斷吸納使用者的新需求來規劃系統演進的功能需求分析方法論，本研究以哲學詮釋學為基礎，並佐以軟體工程相關文獻，將持續吸納新需求來促進系統演進的抽象概念，化為具體可執行的步驟。本需求分析方法論是針對使用者提議的需求進行初步分析與確認，可分為兩個主要部分：需求形成流程、與衝突處理流程。需求形成流程是分析使用者所提出之功能性需求的主要方式，其中包含了提出新需求、分析新需求在商業活動與科技層次的影響、估計新需求的成本效益來決定是否實作、排序實作的優先權、並且了解新功能的釋出時間的期望。而衝突解決流程是為了解決各方人馬的歧見所造成的爭端，衝突解決的方式包含了自行協商、第三方中間人介入協調、以及高層決策小組的裁決。 為了讓企業外界的大眾提議新需求，本研究發展了一套以部落格為基礎的新需求提議工具，讓網友可在部落格上提出自己對新功能的想法。此外，為了協助企業判斷新需求是否會觸發衝突解決流程，本研究根據哲學詮釋學，將使用案例（Use cases）加以延伸修改，提出一套後設模型，並輔以知識本體，據此來提出一套規則，讓本工具能自動偵測新需求與系統既有設計之間是否有所抵觸，而規則亦可進一步應用在新需求間的衝突上。 為了初步瞭解本研究所提之方法論與工具的優缺點，本研究與中時電子報和民視購物網合作，來試用此方法論與工具。透過試用之後的訪談得知，本方法論與工具有其價值，而也獲得了不少寶貴的試用意見。最後，本研究根據試用的諸多意見，對方法論與工具的改善上，提出了具體的改良作法與方向。 / Nowadays, companies have to respect collective knowledge and improve service quality for adapt their rapidly changing environment. Traditional systems development methodologies may be still valuable but have shortcomings. To accommodate customer-driven trend, new methodologies must guide enterprises to listen to customers for ensuring high-quality system services. New methodologies also have to guide developers to carry out cross-department and customer-centered collaboration in new ways for maintaining systems cyclically. This research proposes a user requirements analysis methodology according on philosophical hermeneutics and software engineering literature. The proposed methodology includes requirements formation and conflict resolution. Requirements formation process involves new user requirement proposition, commercial and technical impact analysis, cost benefit estimation, coding prioritization, and new version release scheduling. Conflict resolution process involves negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. Besides the proposed methodology, this research also develops a blog-based tool for collecting user requirements on Internet. This research extends and modifies use cases diagram and use philosophical hermeneutics as a foundation to propose a meta-model. This research also proposes a set of rules for conflict detection. Base on the proposed meta-model, ontologies, and the proposed rules, the blog-based tool can automatically detect conflicts between new requirements and existing design. These proposed rules also can apply to detect conflicts among new requirements. An online newspaper company and an online shopping mall try to use this methodology and the blog-based tool. In the interviews, they confirm this methodology’s and tool’s values and give several suggestions for improving the methodology and the tool. Finally, this research discusses the improvements and future research directions according to these suggestions.

每一項學術研究進行，其理論基礎都必需要建立於過去已完成的研究之上，因此文獻尋找與探討是進行研究過程非常重要的一個步驟。在數位時代與網際網路的加乘效益之下，改變了過去研究者必需為參考文獻東奔西跑的文獻資料尋找方式，但是卻會造成研究者被許多數位文獻淹沒。借用自網頁分析技術而設計的Google學術搜尋網路工具，能透過已經計算好的文獻權重PaperRank排序使用者所尋找的文獻集合，讓使用者能在數位文獻之中依單篇文獻被引用次數為原則而理出頭緒，但其順序式的排列仍然不能夠揭露出搜尋到的文獻集合裡彼此之間的關聯，其中包括了文獻所使用的關鍵字、作者與參考文獻。為了處理了解文獻中多維度的複雜資料關聯，最好的方式還是依賴人類的視覺化資訊處理能力，特別是當資料量大並且需要在短時間內決策時。 此外使用在文獻分析研究中，學者們使用共同引用(co-citation)、共同作者(co-work)、共同作者引用(co-author)等分析方式，配合延伸自社會網路分析理論中的社會密度(social distance)、關聯層級(social degree)、群(clique)等參數概念，試將複雜的文獻資料有脈絡地按排供參考。僅管此是工作難以機械化且消耗時間的(Börner, Chen , Boyack, 2003)，但是卻能將某一特定領域的發展直覺地呈現出來，如此若能將這些分析方式配合視覺化的呈現，則研究學者便能更進一步了進行大量文獻資料視覺化的分析、探索。 本研究試提出一個新的協助文獻探索平台系統架構，將傳統的文字搜尋轉變為視覺化的資料探索。使用者能透過三種不同的層級的資料：知識本體與關鍵字層、引文網路層及人員網路層，並與呈現的資料互動進一步了解資料間的關聯方式。最後實作視覺化雛型平台，並使用在國家圖書館所提供的博、碩士論文網所提供的論文資料，提供給研究人員探索特定知識領域中新研究方向的探索工具，並能協助研究者能在尚未完瞭解的專業領域之前，能快速地瞭解在該其領域重要文獻的導引平台。 / Paper survey is the most important task for building earnest theories, while researchers conducting academic researches. One must touches the fundamental detail of each theory and track down the develop-path of what achievement have been established by previous researches. Benefit from synergy of information age and document digitalized, it not only reduces the cost of finding reference documents, but also makes researchers suffer from information overwhelming after click single “search it” bottom. Stand in for traditional paper web search methods, new academic paper search technology borrowing from the idea of web search engine calculates the importance of each paper by cited number, and recommends users the most important papers by serial listing. However, serial listing does never spell the relationships of suggesting papers out, but only those results match some specific criteria. Those relationships of papers can be classified into 3 different types: the relations of keywords and references that author used and social relationship of authors like co-author and author co-citation which have been developed to explain the complex citation network structures. Those multi-dimensional relationships are extremely abundant and complex, so there is no better way to deal with but depending on visual data processing within human nature. In this paper, we try to propose a new platform to transform paper search in serial listing, into a visualized explore platform by demonstrating 3 different types of relationship: ontology-keywords, papers-references and personnel-references. End users can fallow the relationships between each difference nodes to explore considerable references, as well as change into different view and interact with existing information by using interactive mechanizes. In order to bring this idea to practical application usage, we build a proto-type platform to show our idea by using data from ETDS (electronic theses and dissertations system) of Ministry of education. We hope sincerely by using this proto-type platform, users can catch the major ideas of specific knowledge domain and researchers can explore acceptable references and even conduct new search topic.