本研究之目的是對心理分離概念作更健康的界定。 本研究所界定之心理分離是指,個體在覺得自己具有不依賴父母的行動能力下,又覺得自己的內心處於平和的狀態.心理分離包含兩個向度:1.自我負責的能力.指的是面臨自我負責發展課題(如獨立思考,日常生活的自我管理,指引,計劃未來,做決定)時,對自我能力肯定以及願意自我負責的程度;亦即,在具備功能獨立方面的能力時,在心理上又是歡喜的.2.情感需求平衡的能力.指的是在個別化課題中,依附關係可能面臨變化時,個體在與父母的關係中情感需求能獲得平衡的程度.而本研究的研究假設為,在自我負責能力以及情感需求平衡能力兩向度,表現皆好的個體在適應上,會比一個向度好但另一向度差,以及兩向度皆差的個體好。 本研究以高中,高職,五專生共395位為對象進行研究.經填答本研究自編之心理分離量表以及青少年鬱卒量表,自尊量表,生涯決定量表,偏差行為量表,自我概念量表後,獲致以下的結果: 心理分離量表抽取出四個因素與適應之關係,會因性別而有所不同.整體而言所獲得的結論是,所獲得的每一個因素對適應有不同的預測力,在心理分離概念中各代表不同的意義,也因此心理分離的兩個向度具有不同的適應意義。 對男性青少年而言,心理分離能力與整體鬱卒程度,自尊,生涯決定,自我概念,社交能力成正相關,與整體偏差行為成負相關;與不良行為,虞犯行為,犯罪行為成負相關,但相關不顯著。 對女性青少年而言,心理分離能力與整體鬱卒程度,自尊,生涯決定,自我概念,社交能力成正相關,與整體偏差行為,虞犯行為成負相關.與不良行為,犯罪行為成負相關,但相關不顯著。 經過分組,在自尊,自我概念,社交能力方面,心理分離組的表現比組二(自我負責能力低*情感需求平衡能力高),組三(自我負責能力高*情感需求平衡能力低),組四(自我負責能力低*情感需求平衡能力低)的表現皆好;在整體鬱卒方面,心理分離組與組二沒有差別,比組三,組四好.在生涯決定上,心理分離組的表現與組三沒有差別,比組二,組四好.在偏差行為方面,心理分離組與另三組沒有差別。 整體而言,本研究所修訂之心理分離概念是青少年適應的良好預測指標。 最後本研究根據研究結果提出一些本研究的供獻,並根據本研究的限制,提出未來進一步的研究方向。

本研究的主要目的是希望透過女性從原生家庭進入婚姻家庭的歷程，瞭解當前台灣社會中成年期女性的心理依附與分離概況，由於東西方社會家庭結構的差異，在中西方思潮融合交接的此刻，希望能透過研究瞭解文化因素對依附與心理分離的影響性，以及此一歷程中心理依附與分離的關係。 　　研究者以文獻分析所得的理論架構為參考點，採用質性研究方法進行非結構式的深度訪談。受訪對像是十五位成年期女性，年齡在二十五歲到三十四歲之間，為顧及受訪者的口語表達能力，因此選擇專科以上學歷的訪談對象；也因為此研究是一個歷程性的探討，因此訪談了不同婚姻階段的受訪者，婚齡最長不超過六年。 　　綜合研究所得，發現女性在婚姻歷程中心理依附與分離的現象是一個辯證循環的過程，關係會在不斷的變動發展。而就理論的層面來探討，可以發現女性的依附關係雖有西方文獻中所指涉的的內涵和類型，卻也存在著本土的特殊性，可以看到『依附反轉』的現象；另外，若要以西方理論的角度來探討『心理分離』，將會出現窘迫不足之憾；本文提出女性在婚姻歷程的四個困境，透過探討文化對親子關係、夫妻關係、和自我造成的影響，來瞭解當前女性依附與心理分離的概況。 　　另外，也提出一些影響歷程發展的因素，也發現女性在此一歷程中，依附與心理分離的現象具有持續發展和系統性的特色。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate adult females' attachment (or emotional connection) and psychological-separation (or separation-individual; differentiation), via the process of transition from their original families to married families, in current Taiwan society. The researcher hopes to learn more about the females' attachment and psychological-separation in this process of relationships between. Besides, the influence of culture on this process would be discussed. The thesis has the theoretical basis established by reviewing western literature. Moreover, samples including 15 adult females are chosen and qualitatively studied, according to the theory, by a non-constructional interviewing-in-depth method. The samples, ranging from 25- to 34-year-old, are all graduated from college or above. In order to have a longitudinal examination of the transition process, the samples are chosen to distribute in different married stages. None of the samples has married for longer than 6 years. 　　Results show that the attachment of females has some characteristics consistent with those in western literature, while some features reveal the influence of cultural traits. One of the special features absent in western literature is 'reverse-attachment' in the relationship between females and their original families. Thus, the related research results in western literature seem insufficient to explain adult females' psychological-separation in Taiwan. The thesis therefore provides four dilemma in relationship transition. 　　The thesis suggests that the females' attachment and psychological-separation have several developmental characteristics: consistency, mendability, dialectic process, and systematism. In addition, the finding in this study is consistent with family-system theory. That is, the transition process changes continuously and is influenced by the culture and the environment.

本研究旨在探討二專學生的心理分離，依附關係與其生涯定向之關係。研究以全國分北、中、南三區共九所專科學校之日間部二專一、二年級之學生為研究對象，共計797名。本研究使用之研究工具包括「心理分離量表」、「父母依附量表」、及「生涯定向問卷」。所得之資料以描述統計、變異數分析、相關分析、多元迴歸分析及典型相關分析等統計方法進行處理。研究的主要發現如下： 二專學生在與父母的心理分離程度中等，其中「互動衝突獨立」較好，「情緒獨立」較差；與父母多為安全依附關係；對自己生涯方向的確定及滿意略低於中等程度；較可能遇到影響其生涯定向的問題為「生涯決策焦慮」及「認識不足」。 其次，與父母越有安全依附關係者，其衝突獨立方面越好，但在功能、情緒及態度方面則較依賴父母。 而互動衝突獨立較差、功能越依賴父母、及與父母無安全依附關係的二專男生，對其生涯目標越不滿意，且較多生涯不確定之問題。和父母越為衝突獨立、功能及情緒上較不依賴父母之二專女生，較滿意於其生涯目標，且較少生涯不確定之問題。 針對本研究結果建議父母能在支持的關係裡，鼓勵青少年發展獨立自主，以協助二專學生之發展，以及學校在生涯定向輔導策略上，可加強學生生涯決策能力和由與父母之關係來了解其生涯定向之問題，並且在生涯定向的問題上，不同性別之學生可考慮以不同的方向加以輔導。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships amongpsychological separation, attachment, and career indecision. The samples consisted of 797 students from nine colleges in Taiwan. Instruments usedin this study were "Psychological Separation Inventory", "Inventory ofParent and Peer Attachment", "Career Development Questionnaire". Datain this study were analyzed by analysis of variance, correlation, multiplestepwise regression analysis, and canonical correlation analysis. Themain findings were as follow: The score in PSI for college students are moderated, in which "conflictual independence" is better, but "emotional independence" is worse. The relationship with their parents is security attachment. Their assuranceand satisfaction toward career setting are lower than averages. The possibleproblem affecting their career indecision are "anxity of career decision making" and "incompehension of career". Secondary, the students who got stronger patent attachment exhibitedbetter in conflictual independence, but they are more depend on parentsin function, emotion, and attitude. The college male students who exhibited more conflictual dependence, functional dependence, in conjoint with worse parent attachment wereexperienced more career indecision problems. For female students, whoexhibited better conflictual independence, functional independence and emotional independence were better in career decision. The suggestion from this study to the parents is to encouragethe adolescent to develop independence with a supporting relationshipwith their children. Also, the suggestion to the school counselors areto strength students' abilities in career decision making and to helpstudents who with career indecision problem by understanding of relationshipwith their parents.