本研究的主要目的即在探討結合繪畫與心理治療的繪畫治療團體，對適應欠佳的國小 五年級學生之自我概念及行為困擾的影響情形。 希望能提供國內國小輔導老師或教師及其他相關機構輔導人員於實施輔導實之參考， 並其能引發進一步的研究。 本研究對象取自台北市武功國小五年級學生，進行「小學人格測驗」篩選出二十名在 各人適應、社會適應、及總適應皆低於一個標準差的學童。隨機分派至實驗組和控制 組，每組十名，並徵求其父母同意後，採用實驗組－控制組等組前、後測及後讀測驗 實驗設計，實驗組接受為期約二個半月，十次的繪畫治療團體；控制組不參加任何實 驗處理。本研究以「兒童自我概念量表」及「國小學生行為困擾調查表」為主要評量 工具。實驗組學生另外接受「團體成員感受回饋問卷」調查。其評量結果以共變數分 析統計法來加以考驗。結果顯示實驗組與控制組在自我概念及行為困擾上街為達顯著 差異，而自我概念後續測量中亦未達顯著差異，但在行為困擾的後續測量中，則除了 「人際關係」為達顯著外，其餘各量表街達顯著差異，可見繪畫治療對國小學童行為 困擾的降低上有延續效果。 而實驗組學生在成員感受回饋問卷中，顯示自己對人、對己、對環境的觀感和處理情 緒上均有積極的作為及正向的改變，故就主觀陳述的評量資料而言，繪畫治療團體在 增進國小適應欠佳學童的自我概念及行為困擾降低上有成效，且在團體過程分析及成 員表現評析上也見進步，因此繪畫治療團體對國小適應欠佳學童是否真有效果存在， 尚待進一步的研究。 在研究結束後，研究者並對家長及老師、使用繪畫治療者提出部份建議，期盼能在實 師繪畫治療時予以注意並引發更進一步的研究。

人際經驗是個體發展他人形象與環境評估的關鍵因素。大部分尋求長期心理治療的個案，其困擾多與過去負面的人際經驗所帶來的關係議題有關。若個體在成長過程經常遭受拒絕，會發展出「世界不能控制、別人不可預測、不可信任」的他人觀點。因此，本研究旨在探討長期心理治療歷程個案他人表徵的差異，以及心理師如何協助個案改變原有的他人表徵，並創造新的人際關係經驗。 本研究以質性研究方式進行，總共以六位長期心理治療取向為主的資深心理師作為研究對象，以一對一的方式，與每位受訪者進行一次深度訪談。訪談內容著重探討個案他人表徵的改變，以及個案過去的重要他人形象如何重現在治療關係中；並深入了解長期心理治療關係對於個案發展新的人際關係經驗之影響。本研究透過現象學方式進行訪談資料的分析，呈現長期深度心理治療對改變個案人際關係經驗之成效。本研究結果發現如下： 一、他人表徵 治療前的他人表徵是模糊、沒有彈性、單一、負面的，因而無法辨認心理師真實的形象。經過長期心理治療，個案對他人形象的詮釋逐漸清晰、具體、有彈性、且納入更多正向的觀點。 二、長期心理治療歷程 先個案會將自己慣用的人際互動帶入與心理師的治療關係中。接著個案感受到心理師溫暖、支持的回應。由於治療關係不同於過去的人際經驗，使個案重新經驗穩定、安全的人際關係，進而開始辨認並建立新的他人形象。最後個案將學到的新人際互動方式帶到其他關係中，發展更適應的人際關係。 三、心理師的角色與功能 為了建立穩固的治療同盟，心理師需維持穩定的態度、提供溫暖支持的環境、尊重個案的自主性。同時心理師也可幫助個案覺察、理解自身的狀態，建立更彈性的想法、協助個案願意信任心理師及冒險。 / Interpersonal experience is the key factor for people to develop other- representation and to evaluate the environment. Most issues of long-term psychotherapy clients’ come from past negative experiences about interpersonal relationship. If people were frequently rejected by others as they grew, it is much easier for them to develop the viewpoints of other that the world is uncontrollable, and that people are unpredictable and untrustworthy. Hence, the main purpose of this research was to explore the difference of other-representation during the long-term psychotherapy period, and how counselors help the clients to change their old other-representation, in order to create new interpersonal relationship experience. This study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 6 counselors who primarily conducted long-term psychotherapy for clients. Each psychologist was interviewed once, one by one. All interviews lasted for about one and half hour. The contents of the interviews focused on the change of other-representation, the reappearance of clients’ important interpersonal patterns in counseling relationships, and the influences of long-term counseling relationships on clients’ developing new interpersonal relationship experience. After data collection, verbatim transcription of each interviews were analyzed in a phenomenological approach. The study aims to obtain the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy on the change of clients’ interpersonal relationship experience. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. Other-representation The other-representation is indistinct, inflexible, single, and negative before long-term psychotherapy begins, and clients have difficulties to recognize the real image of counselor. After long-term psychotherapy, clients are able to interpret the image of others in a more distinct, specific and flexible way, and to include some positive view points in their other-representation. 2. Long-term psychotherapy process First, clients bring their habitual interpersonal interactive mode into counseling relationships. Second, they receive kind and supportive response from the counselor. Because of counseling relationship is different from their past interpersonal experience, clients re-experience a stable and, secure interpersonal relationship and start to recognize and establish a new image of other people. Third, clients learn new interpersonal interactive skill, and develop more suitable interpersonal relationship . 3. The role and function of a counselor In order to establish stable working alliance, counselors should keep stable attitude, provide a holding environment, and respect the autonomy of clients. At the same time, counselors also help clients to comprehend their predicament, expand their cognition with elasticity, and trust counselors.

本研究以自我參與、自我敘說的方式，呈現超個人心理治療中的奧修「神秘玫瑰」活動，對研究者本身帶來何種的生命經驗?而此經驗又對研究者產生何種影響? 透過自我敘說的研究取向，研究者感受到整個活動過程，就像是從「頭」到「心」的療癒—一步一步地展現出研究者的人際關係、欲望、人格特質、身心狀況，並慢慢地開始化解掉身、心的不舒服，而產生人際模式、行為的改變，也幫助研究者領悟到助人工作的原動力。除此之外，透過活動過程的臉部紀錄，研究者也看到自己較深的內在情緒狀態。 而在故事敘說後的分析中，研究者發現自己小時候的經驗，影響到目前的人際關係與工作、生活態度，並在活動中得到轉化，而產生了具體的改變。除此之外，在整體生命能量上，也產生流動或提昇，並體會到自我生命的富足，是助人工作的原點。 在反思的部份，區分成活動參與者與論文研究者，兩個不同的層次。在參與者部份，我發現自己的生命，其實是一直在對抗主流的心理學、精神醫學，以表達精神障礙者家人的不滿，卻忘了把這股力量，轉成正向的力量，來照顧好自己。在研究者部份，發現要透過語言傳達自己的經驗，其實是一件不容易的事，並看到東方智慧運用在助人工作的可行性。 在建議的部份，再依據本研究的結果，提出帶領類似「神秘玫瑰」活動的超個人心理治療團體，所需注意的事。 最後，在「對話」的部份，呈現出研究者參與不同靈修活動的經驗，與經驗間的對話；並透過「現在的我」來看到，活動心得領悟是對參與者的當下有益，而提醒讀者去經驗自己的生命禮物。 / The study is exploring the experience of the researcher participates the Osho Mystic Rose activity and what is the meaning of these life experiences.So the researcher will participate the group activity and narrates what he experiences. From the activity,the researcher feels that the process of the activity is a kind of therapy from head to heart.So the researcher can see clearly his relationship,desire,personality trait,and psycho-body situation.Then in the process of activity,the discomfort of psycho-body slowly disappears and the model of researcher’s relationship changes.The researcher also has an insight about the base of the work of helping others.The researcher also see the deeper emotion state from the record of the face pictures of the process of the activity. From the meta-story,the researcher finds that his childhood experience has influenced the present relationship,work,and the life’s attitude.And by participating the activity,the researcher’s state is changed and.the life energe is rising.Otherwise,the researcher is awaring that the helper’s blooming life is the root of the work of helping others. About the self-reflection of study,it can be discriminated two levels—participant and researcher.In the participant level,I find that I,the brother of psychotic handicap is against the dominant psychology and psychiatry to show the bitterness.But I forget to translate the opposed energy to positive energy to take care myself well.In the researcher level,I.find that it is difficult to use language to transmit experience to others,and maybe the east wisdom can be applied to the wok of helping others. In advice,the researcher suggested something important about leading the transpersonal psychotherapy group. It is that the group leader should construct the secure environment to let members exploring themselves freely and keep in touch with the present. Finally,the last part,Dialog,it shows and compares researcher’s experiences in different spirit-training groups.And from the point of view of being,the researcher’s insight from activity can not be fitted to others.