本文的研究主旨在探討目前高級中等教育（只討論高中、高職教育）投資是否有效率。具體的研究目的為：(1)瞭解目前高級中等教育的投資情形；(2)分析高級中等教育的成本效益（估計高中職的教育報酬率）；(3)就研究結果提出一些建議。 　　研究對象為台灣地區的高中職學生及高中職就業者。主要資料來源為歷年的中華民國教育統計及台灣地區人力運用調查的資料。 　　研究方法為： 　　1.以文獻搜集的方式來瞭解歷年來我國高級中等教育的投資情形。 　　2.以Windham循環成本的估計法來瞭解比較高中、高職留級或輟學造成資源浪費的情形。 　　3.以Mincer的薪資函數為基礎所發展出的迴歸模式來測試高中、高職就業者的薪資所得有無顯著差異存在，然後以詳盡法、簡捷法及由薪資函數所導出的邊際報酬率法來計算歷年來的高中職教育報酬率。 　　主要研究結果為： 　　1.由歷年來高中職校數、學生數及教育經費、學生單位成本等指標，可以觀察出高職教育是高級中等教育階段的主流，而且是以獎勵私人與學的方式來進行的，但是卻是低成本取向的。 　　2.高中職的循環成本等於三時表示在無浪費資源的情況下，培育出一個學生需花三個學生年成本（一般高中職的教育年限為三年）。研究結果指出，高中職的循環成本皆大於三，表示高中職皆存在著因留級、輟學而造成資源浪費的情形。就高中職互相比較的結果來看，高中的循環成本略高於高職，表示高職教育對於學生「數量」的產生出較有效率，但是學生素質如何則無法下定論。 　　3.以薪資函數分析的結果，民國六十七年的高職就業者的薪資顯著高於高中就業者，而八十二年的資料卻顯示，高中職就業者的薪資無顯著差異。似乎表示十五年來對高職的過度投資，反使高職就業者不再具有較高的勞動生產力，即資源配置嚴重錯誤。 　　4.歷年來教育報酬率的計算結果：民國六十七、六十八年，高職的報酬率較高，但是自民國六十九以後，高中職的報酬率就呈不相上下的趨勢，甚至在民國七十二年時，反而是高中報酬率佔優勢。此亦顯示並無擴張職校的合理依據。 　　最後，根據研究結果提出建議：高級中等教育階段不應該採取分流教育，基層技術人力為配合快速變遷的技術進步，可以考慮交由校外的職訓機構來培育。

本篇論文的主要目的是檢測會計師是否會影響其客戶投資效率。本研究以2007至2016年間的中國上市公司為樣本，實證結果顯示:（1）事務所層級的產業專家對客戶投資效率有積極影響。（2）會計師個人、事務所皆為產業專家時相對於非產業專家可以提高其客戶的投資效率且其對客戶的投資效率的影響大於單一產業專家。（3）會計師個人、事務所皆為產業專家時，對於國有企業投資效率的影響小於非國有企業。綜上會計師在提高客戶的投資效率方面起著至關重要的作用。 / The objective of this thesis is to examine whether the auditors affect the investment efficiency of its client. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during 2007~2016, I find that: (1) Audit-firm-level industry expert is positively associated with its clients’ investment efficiency. (2) Industry expert at both firm and partner levels has stronger effect on investment efficiency than industry expert, either at firm-level alone, or at partner level alone. (3) When auditors are industry expert at both firm and partner levels, the effect of industry expertise on investment efficiency is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises than state-owned enterprises. In sum, auditors play a critical role in enhancing firm’s investment efficient.

本文探討分析師追蹤行為及分析師特性對其客戶投資效率的影響，並進一步研究分析師對國有與非國有企業的不同影響。本文以2007-2016年中國滬深證交所上市公司為樣本。實證結果發現，分析師追蹤及有較多的分析師追蹤，明星分析師追蹤及有較多的明星分析師追蹤，分析師預測公司數量較多都能提高其追蹤的上市公司的投資效率。本文進一步研究發現，分析師預測公司家數越多，其追蹤的國有企業的投資效率要高於非國有企業；並且，在分析師追蹤下，地方企業的投資效率要高於中央企業。然而，並沒有顯著證據能夠證明在分析師的追蹤下，非國有企業的投資效率高於國有企業。總結上述，分析師在資訊傳遞方面扮演著重要的角色，有助於降低企業資訊不對稱，從而對企業投資效率產生正面的影響。 / The objective of this thesis is to examine the association between forecasts behaviors and the covered firms’ investment efficiency. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2016, the empirical results can be summarized as follows. The presence of analyst following improves the investment efficiency of listed companies; the effect increases with the number of analysts following. Second, my results are stronger for firms with star analysts following than those without such analysts; more star following leads to greater improvement in investment efficiency. Thirdly, the effect of the number of analysts is more pronounced for stated-owned enterprise (SOE) than non-stated-owned enterprise (non-SOE). Further analyses indicate that for SOE, the presence of analysts following on investment efficiency is stronger for local SOE than for central SOE.

本研究以2007年至2011年中國滬深交易所A股上市公司為研究樣本，以中國證監會公佈之行政裁罰、深滬兩交易所對上市公司之處分、及企業自行揭露的內部控制評價報告之內容分析企業發生內控缺失之類型，依照中國《企業內部控制基本規範》，將內部控制缺失依內控五大要素與五大目標予以分類彙總。並將企業的投資效率分為投資不足與過度投資，分別探討內部控制有效性對公司投資效率之影響。 實證結果顯示投資不足的程度與可靠的財務報導之內控目標的內控缺失存在正向的顯著關係。而過度投資的程度與是否發生內控缺失、後勤支援活動和內控設計及執行的內控缺失類型、內控五大要素、及營運的效率效果之內控目標的內控缺失呈現顯著或單尾顯著的負向關係。整體而言，在被監管單位揭發內控缺失資訊，內控有效性較低，而自我揭露愈多內控資訊，企業內控意識可能較佳之假設下，內控缺失一定程度影響企業的投資決策，內控的有效性有助於投資效率。 / Based on the sample of A-share listed companies in China over the period of 2007-2011, the research classified the companies by under investment and over investment, and investigated the impact of internal control efficiency on firm investment effectiveness separately The study comprehensively collects internal control reports released by listed firms and collects penalties which are released by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE). A further classification of internal control weaknesses was performed based on the nature of the events, COSO Internal Control — Integrated Framework and regulations of internal control in China. 　　In sum, the empirical results indicate that, for the companies under investment, the internal control weaknesses of financial reporting have significant positive impact on firm investment effectiveness. On the other hand for the companies which were over investment, those with internal control weaknesses have significant negative association with investment effectiveness. Moreover, the results show that companies with defective of logistics work or the design and execution of internal control were worse performers on investment effectiveness. Based on the COSO framework, the internal control weaknesses classified by the elements, including control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, monitoring, and the efficient and effective operations of the internal control objective are significant or one-tailed significant negative correlated to firm investment effectiveness. Collectively, if the internal control weaknesses were disclosed by the authorities, the firms had worse internal control efficiency, while the firms which were more conscious of internal control would disclose the internal control weaknesses themselves. The study shows that internal control weaknesses have impact on firm investment policy, and that internal control efficiency helps promote firm investment effectiveness.