金融自由化、國際化與大型化潮流，使金融的傳統分工經營觀念逐漸被排除，政府為改善金融機構之經營績效，積極推動金融改革，引進金融控股公司制度，期促成金融機構大型化，以經濟規模改善金融機構之經營績效，鼓勵跨業經營，讓金融機構具業務多樣化，以達範疇經濟之利益。 　　我國金融控股公司法傚法美、日兩國制度，共同的重點乃在朝股權集中化，組織大型化，經營多角化，監理透明化發展。但因各地有各自不同之金融體制，歷史背景及金融體系淵源，各國對金融控股公司規範及意義也各有不同內涵。美國金控公司源自銀行控股公司，而以銀行業等存款機構為必要條件。日本以鬆綁證券，銀行及保險之隔離及控股公司之解禁為主軸，因此並未規定銀行為設立金控之必要條件，但金融機構仍以銀行為重心，因其業務廣泛，對消費者影響大，因此實際運作上仍以銀行為主要核心。美、日兩國以修改既有法令配套因應社會需求，而成立金融控股公司制度。台灣則單獨立法，檢視美、日法令適合國情者，一次立法以因應申請者需求，因此在法令適用上沒有時差，例如日本引進會社分割法及租稅優惠法，於2001年及2002年才分別立法，法令適用即有時間落差。 　　比較美、日、台三地相關金融控股公司，找出各自優缺點，作為他山之石，台灣金融機構特性為，規模小，家數多，競爭激烈，關係人交易，利益衝突盛行，產生高逾放。金控法規定之最低資本為200億元，因此金控法實施後申請者眾，造成金控公司林立。就個別金控公司之成立，提昇了其公司競爭力，與國外金融機構比較，台灣金融控股公司之競爭力，不論在資本額，可運用資產或產品設計，IT使用效率及交叉銷售的綜合效果，仍有相當大的努力空間。 　　因此，第二波金控公司的合併勢必進行，國內金控公司之跨業經營項目極需齊備，國外金控公司的架構大都具備保險、銀行、證券及資產管理等四項主要產品。國內金控公司的國際化，有迫切性需求，以應付國人理財及資產組合國際化趨勢。金控公司欲快速狀大規模，加強市場行銷，建立風險控管，取得良好信評，應尋求海外大型金控的合併或結盟，以提昇競爭力。 / Liberalization, globalization and expansion trend of the finance industry has gradually expelled traditional division of labor business model. In order to enhance financial institutions' business efficiency and advocate financial reform, the Government has introduced financial holding company system with an aim to enlarge financial institutions, improve business efficiency, encourage cross-industry business, and diversify operation so as to achieve the scale and scope economic benefits. 　　Taiwanese Financial Holding Company Act takes reference of American and Japanese systems. Although the common focus is on shareholding control, organizational enlargement, business diversification and crystal-clear compliance, each country has its own economy system, historical/financial background and resources, and therefore each country has different regulations and definitions for financial holding companies. American financial holding companies are derived from bank holding companies with primary conditions on deposits institutions of banks whereas Japanese systems focus on liberating securities brokers, separation between banks and insurance companies, and lifting of holding companies,. As such, Japanese financial holding companies system do not regulate that banks are the necessary component for forming financial holding companies. Neverthetless, banks are still the center of financial institutions as their broad business scope has immense impact on consumers and therefore banks are still the core of actual operation. U.S. and Japan's systems are derived from revising existing regulations to meet the actual demand of the society. Taiwan examine the American and Japanese systems and take whatever suitable for the Taiwanese society and legislate the financial holding companies system at one time and therefore there is no time difference. in regulation implementation Japan introduced Companies Separation Act and Preferential Tariff Act and legislated these two acts separately in 2000 and 2001 and as such, there is time difference in regulation adoption. 　　We try to identify pros and cons of each individual system comparing U.S., Japanese and Taiwanese bank holding companies. The characteristics of Taiwanese financial institutions are: small in size, large in numbers, tough in competition,, transaction of connection party, and conflict of interest which lead to high no-performance loan. The minimum capital requirement for Taiwanese financial holding companies is NT$20 billion at present. Ever since the opening of financial holding companies act, numerous applications were submitted and several holding companies have been established. In terms of each individual financial holding companies, the formation sharpens its competition. Nevertheless, in comparison with overseas financial institutions, there is still room for improvement on capital amount, effective asset or product design, IT application and combined effect of cross selling. 　　I therefore view that second merge of financial holding companies will be in place. Taiwanese holding companies are required to increase cross-industry products well in time. The structure of overseas financial holding companies mostly consist of four major components, i.e. insurance companies, banks, securities brokers and asset management companies. It is imperative for Taiwanese financial holding companies to globalize as soon as possible to meet the increasing international portfolio demand of local investors. In order to further increase its competition, financial holding companies are required to enlarge its size quickly, strengthen marketing ability, establish risk management system, receive good credit rating and seek strategy alliance of large overseas holding companies.

中文摘要 由於跨業經營已是國際間金融業整合之趨勢，因此，我國金融控股公司法的設立將付予國內金融機構進行整合、轉型的機制，讓其更具競爭力，只是是否每一金融集團均能成功轉換，恐怕短期問業者仍要面臨階段性的調整壓力，並非一蹴可及；再則，在該法設立後，金融監理一元化將更形重要，否則當金融機構跨業經營形成金融巨人後，未來發生弊端時，就會變成金融怪獸，所引爆的金融危機，將更為迅速且嚴重，連鎖反應將更為擴大。故本研究以我國金融控股公司之經營規範為主題，並以中華開發為個案探討藉以論述金融控股公司之因應策略。 究竟金融控股公司的設立，能否為國內的金融業帶來生機？以及政府應在准許業界設立金融控股公司的同時，要如何建立專業、獨立與有效率的監理機制，以避免增加業者的管理成本，並提升金融業的競爭力？此乃本論文之研究目的。 本研究亦提出在我國加入世界貿易組織(WTO)後，銀行業必然面臨與先進國家相互角逐金融市場之局面，故宜及早檢討其經營策略，俾掌握業務與客戶群，再造一個具有競爭力的經營體系；本研究並提出相關之建議。 摘要 鑒於美國、日本、韓國、歐盟之金融服務現代化改革中，均已朝向金融百貨化方式發展，並以金融控股公司作為發展跨業經營之主要型態，以利防火牆之設計及風險之區隔，並提高聯屬公司專業化經營效率。金融控股法是重整金融體質的法源，它能加快金融業走向大型化和國際化的腳步，進而提升我國金融業的國際競爭力。故政府為配合此一國際金融發展趨勢及符合國內現行體制與實務之需要，已於民國九十年六月二十七日通過金融控股公司法。因此，銀行、保險、證券等金融機構均得選擇以金融控股公司型態，以提高跨業經營之效率，並加速金融市場之整合。 同時在金融市場陸續開放後，金融機構所面對的風險愈趨複雜化，為因應金融環境的變遷，我國監理機關及監理制度規劃上亦宜有所興革。因為目前不同金融業問彼此互動頻繁，關聯度亦相對提高，近年來世界各國如英、美、日及韓等國，為強化金融主管機關合併監理功能，皆已完成對金融監理機構的整合。有鑑於此，我國必須積極落實金融監理機制的再造工程，推動金融監理一元化，以建立金融監理的整合體制。 第一章說明本研究的動機在於省思「金融控股公司法」之設立，能否付予國內金融機構進行整合、轉型的機制，但未來「金融監理一元化制度」將更形重要。本論文之研究目的在於探討究竟金融控股公司的設立，能否為國內的金融業帶來生機?以及政府應在准許業界設立金融控股公司的同時，要如何建立專業、獨立與有效率的監理機制，以維護社會公益，並提升金融業的競爭力?第二章論述金融控股公司之經濟意義和功能，以及弊病；第三章回顧先進國家跨業經營之沿革與規範；第四章說明我國金融控股公司法之監理規範；第五章：個案探討一以中華開發金融控股公司為例；第六章：結論與建議。 / Abstract Because it is the trend to cross running business within the integration of the international banks, our government set up “the Law of Bank Holding Company”for the local banks to enter into integration and transformation to improve their competition。But it is essential to establish the independent supervisory system to prevent the defaults in advance。Otherwise, its exposure will be serious and its contagious effect is more extensive。 Will Bank Holding Company bring the new era for the local banks ? How will the government set up the independent, professional, and effective supervisory system ? The above topics are the studying purposes of the essay。 The essay also indicates that our banks will have a fierce competition with international banks after we are allowed to enter WTO, and submits suggestions to set up well-run Bank Holding Company -----